• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.70.1-70.12
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• 2024

Importance: Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is an important viral poultry disease that vaccination can control. Objective: This study examined the immune protection of immune-complex (Vaccine A) and attenuated live (Vaccine B) IBD vaccines in specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens against a novel Malaysian variant IBD virus (vaIBDV) challenge. Methods: One-day-old (n =75) SPF chickens were divided randomly into the following three groups of 25 chicks each: Control, Vaccine A, and Vaccine B groups. The vaIBDV strain, UPM1432/2019, was used for the challenge at 21 and 28days post-vaccination (dpv). Five birds from unchallenged and challenged groups were sacrificed seven days post-challenge, and blood, bursa, spleen, and cloacal swabs were collected. The IBD antibodies (Abs), lymphoid lesions, and viral load were determined. Results: The UPM1432/2019 virus induced bursal damage in vaccinated SPF chickens despite Ab titers. The mean Ab titers of the Vaccine A challenged group were significantly lower (p < 0.002) than in the unchallenged group at 28 dpv. The bursal indices of the vaccinated unchallenged groups did not differ significantly from those of the vaccinated challenged groups (p = 0.94). Microscopically, the bursae of the challenged groups showed significant atrophy. The bursal lesion score was higher (p < 0.05) in the control and Vaccine B challenged groups than the Vaccine A challenged group. The challenged group had a higher viral load than the vaccinated groups (p < 0.001). Conclusions and Relevance: Neither vaccine fully protected against a vaIBDV challenge, highlighting the limitations of current vaccines and the need for further research.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.85-91
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• 1987

For the development of the specific pathogen free (SPF) or germ free laboratory animals, a parasitological survey was carried out and numerous pinworms were collected from the large intestines and caeca of the host animal Mus musculus alba. The pinworms collected from the laboratory albino mice were identified as Aspiculuris tetraptera, Syphacia muris and S. obvelata and classified into the Family Oxyuridae, Superfamily Oxyuroidea, Order Ascaridida. The overall infection rate of the pinworms was revealed as high as 64.8%(A. tetraptera 31.0%; S. muris 32.4% and S. obvelata 22.5%) consisting of the single species infection 47.9%, the double species infection 12.7% and the triple species infection 4.2%.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.77-83
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• 1987

For the development of the specific pathogen free (SPF) or germ free laboratory animals, a parasitological approach was applied to the preliminarily selected laboratory albino mice (Mus musculus alba) in order to observe the ectoparasites on the hair of the host animal. The mites collected from the laboratory albino mice were identified as Myocoptes musculinus and classified into the Family Listrophoridae, Suborder Sarcoptiformes, Order Acarina. The overall infection rate of the mites was revealed as high as 73.2% (52 out of 71 heads) and the development process from the eggs to larvae was observed for the understanding of the basic ecological properties.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.417-422
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• 2022

Apple stem grooving virus (ASGV) is a destructive viral pathogen of pome fruit trees that causes significant losses to fruit production worldwide. Obtaining ASGV-free propagation materials is essential to reduce economic losses, and accurate and sensitive detection methods to screen ASGV-free plantlets during in vitro propagation are urgently necessary. In this study, ASGV was sensitively and accurately quantified from in vitro propagated apple plantlets using a reverse transcription droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (RT-ddPCR) assay. The optimized RT-ddPCR assay was specific to other apple viruses, and was at least 10-times more sensitive than RT-real-time quantitative PCR assay. Furthermore, the optimized RT-ddPCR assay was validated for the detection and quantification of ASGV using micropropagated apple plantlet samples. This RT-ddPCR assay can be utilized for the accurate quantitative detection of ASGV infection in ASGV-free certification programs, and can thus contribute to the production of ASGV-free apple trees.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제34권7호
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• pp.1484-1490
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• 2024

The gut microbiota is a key factor significantly impacting host health by influencing metabolism and immune function. Its composition can be altered by genetic factors, as well as environmental factors such as the host's surroundings, diet, and antibiotic usage. This study aims to examine how the characteristics of the gut microbiota in pigs, used as source animals for xenotransplantation, vary depending on their rearing environment. We compared the diversity and composition of gut microbiota in fecal samples from pigs raised in specific pathogen-free (SPF) and conventional (non-SPF) facilities. The 16S RNA metagenome sequencing results revealed that pigs raised in non-SPF facilities exhibited greater gut microbiota diversity compared to those in SPF facilities. Genera such as Streptococcus and Ruminococcus were more abundant in SPF pigs compared to non-SPF pigs, while Blautia, Bacteroides, and Roseburia were only observed in SPF pigs. Conversely, Prevotella was exclusively present in non-SPF pigs. It was predicted that SPF pigs would show higher levels of processes related to carbohydrate and nucleotide metabolism, and environmental information processing. On the other hand, energy and lipid metabolism, as well as processes associated with genetic information, cell communication, and diseases, were predicted to be more active in the gut microbiota of non-SPF pigs. This study provides insights into how the presence or absence of microorganisms, including pathogens, in pig-rearing facilities affects the composition and function of the pigs' gut microbiota. Furthermore, this serves as a reference for tracing whether xenotransplantation source pigs were maintained in a pathogen-controlled environment.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.165-168
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• 2016

Surface protein internalin (InlA) is a major virulence factor of the food-borne pathogen L. monocytogenes. It plays an important role in bacteria crossing the host's barrier by specific interaction with the cell adhesion molecule E-cadherin. Study of this protein will help to find better ways to prevent listeriosis. In this study, a monoclonal antibody against InlA was used to detect InlA. The reaction was label-free and monitored in real time with an oblique-incidence reflectivity-difference (OI-RD) technique. The kinetic constants k_on and k_off and the equilibrium dissociation constant K_d for this reaction were also obtained. These parameters indicate that the antibody is capable of detecting InlA. Additionally, the results also demonstrate the feasibility of using OI-RD for proteomics research and bacteria detection.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2002년도 생물공학의 동향 (X)
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• pp.281-284
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• 2002

Specific pathogen free (SPF) eggs have been used to produce live vaccines. however, their application causes many problems such as cost, space and waste disposal. The substitution of mammalian cells for SPF eggs offers a desirable system of vaccine production. In this study, mammalian cells were tested for the infection of Newcastle disease virus (NDV). As a result, DF-I and MDBK cells showed high virus productivity compared to the other mammalian cells. For the highest productivity of NDV, the optimal multiplicity of infection (M.O.I.) in DF-I or MDBK cells was determined to be 0.2 or 0.5 M.O.I., respectively.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 1993년도 제2회 신약개발 연구발표회 초록집
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• pp.129-129
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• 1993

현재 암의 치료에 이용되고 있는 항암제들은 therapeutic index가 낮아서 면역 및 조혈기능 장애 등 해결 되어야 할 문제점 들을 안고 있다. 이에 본 여구자는 우수하고 안전한 항암제를 개발하여 암의 치료에 이바지하고자, 화학연구소에서 in vitro 세로독성을 확인한 화합물에 대하여 in vivo 항암력을 실험, 치료효과가 높은 유도체/유사체 개발에 필요한 정보를 제공함에 본 연구의 목표를 두고 있다. 1차년도 연구에서는 화학연구소측이 제공한 KS 0409를 실험 약물로, sarcoma 180 복수암에 대한 in vivo 항암력을 실험하였다. 약 4주령의 SPE(specific pathogen-free) ICR계 마우스 및 BALB/c 마우스를 실험동물로 하여 sarcoma 180 암세포 부유액(세포 농도, 1$\times$$10^{7}$ cells/ml)을 실험동물의 복강내에 0.1ml 씩 이식하고 암이식 24시간 후부터 매일 1회씩 9회 약물 주사를 시행하였다. 대조약물 cisplatin은 2% DMSO-생리식염수를 주사하였다. 생존일수 관찰은 60dlfRK지 하였으며 % T/C를 계산하여 항암력을 평가하였다. 단 60일 생존 동물은 평균수명 계산에서 제외하였다.

• 월간양계
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• 제13권7호통권141호
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• pp.29-31
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• 1981

난계대 질병을 막아야 한다는 생각은 오래 전부터 갖고 있었으나 그간 여건이 허락치 않아서 양축가들은 막대한 피해를 입으면서도 어쩔 수 없이 당하고만 있었다. 생독 백신을 접종하고 나면 닭에서 C.R.D.증세가 나타나는 등 부작용이 나타나서 백신접종을 기피하고나 또는 종계에서는 생독을 피하고 사독을 사용하는 경우도 있었다. 그러나 이제 양계 규모가 대형화함에 따라 일일히 사독을 주사할 수도 없고 어쩔 수 없이 음수용 생독을 사용치 않을 수 없는 형편에 이르고 있다. 다행히 정부는 그간 양축가의 건의를 받아들여 이번에 S.P.F.(특정 병원체 부재종란) 생산 및 관리요령을 고시함으로써 국내에서도 정식으로 S.P.F.종란의 생산 및 관리를 정부의 지도 감독하에 행하게 되어 믿고 쓸수 있게 되었다. 앞으로 백신 제조회사는 생독 백신을 모두 이 S.P.F.종란으로 만들겠지만 그간 S.P.F.종란을 수입해서 만든 백신이 가격 때문에 양축가로부터 외면당했던 점을 생각해서 앞으로는 양축가들이 즐겨 사용하도록 가능한 한 싼 값으로 제조$\cdot$판매되어야 할 것이고, 양축가는 우선 백신값은 약간 비싸지더라도 백신을 통한 난계대 질병으로부터의 해방으로 더 큰 이익을 가져 올 수 있다는 점을 생각해야 될 것이다. 이 땅에서 난계대 전염병을 완전 축출할 때까지는 생산자와 백신회사, 정부는 물론 모든 관련업계의 공동 방역 노력이 필요하겠다.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.27-40
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• 1991

In order to investigate the biological properties, pathogenicity and immune responses in artficially infected SPF chickens with Avian infectious bronchitis virus that was isolated from chickens showing IB like signs in southern region of Chung buk. Results obtained throuth the experiments are summarized as follows. 1. From 15 IB suspected cases, two strains of IB virus were isolated, one each from the tracheas and lungs. 2. Infectious bronchitis specific embryo lesions were observed after four serial passages of the isolates in chicken embryos. 3. The field isolates and M-41 strain of IB virus interfered with the replication of Newcastle disease virus in chicken embryos. 4. When specific pathogen free chickens, two week old, were inoculated with the IB virus isolates, clinical respiratory signs as dyspnea, coughing were observed. Airsacculitis was observed by necropsy. 5. AGP antibody positive rates of inoculated SPF chickens were highest on day 14 and lowest on day 36, while HI antibody responses were detected on day 14 in all Groups, the reinoculated Group was shown highest titers. 6. By Indirect immunofluorescence antibody assay of artificially infected SPF chickens, the viral antigens were detected in tissues of larynx, trachea and lung on the 4 th to 7 th days post inoculation.