• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.943-957
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to 1) understand the importance of brands, which are known as one of the key purchasing points to consumers today; 2) 10 clearly clarify the various attributes of goods well-known to consumers; 3) to research the effect of the goods attributes on brand attitude. We examined 465 consumers to understand a purchase or a shopping habit with national and non-brand. The study used SPSS 11.0 package for a data analysis. Then using varimax rotation, we employed a factor analysis to analyze the data and obtain Cronbach ${\alpha}$ value. For more specific data analysis, we conducted t-test, regression analysis, and x2 analysis. The results are as followings: 1. The goods attribute is classified into product attribute, shop attribute, and price attribute. The product attribute is divided into wearability, labeling of size and quality, aesthetic expression, brand expression-harmony, textile-suitability, manageability and product assortment. The shop attribute is into shop environment, shopping convenience, promotion, salesperson service, convenience of location, shop's reputation. The price attribute is into price reasonability, price value, price economy, and price information. 2. The product attribute is different, by national and non-brands, in wearability, labeling of size and quality, brand expression-harmony, textile-suitability, manageability. The shop attribute had a significant difference in environment of shop and its reputation, and the price attribute had one only in price economy. 3. The brand attitude was affected by wearability, aesthetic expression, shop environment, price value, and price information. 4. Also, there exists a difference by demographic variables(age, job, academic background, marriage, income level) in brand attitude. For example, national brands have its consumers with the following variables: higher education, higher income, professional job, over 20s, and married.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• no.6
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• pp.1-24
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• 2000

Listening comprehension is an integrative and creative process of interaction through which listeners receive speakers' production of linguistic or non-linguistic knowledge. Compared with reading comprehension, it may arouse difficulties and thus impose more burdens on foreign learners. The Audio-Lingual Method focused primarily on speaking. Mimicry, repetition, rote memory, and transformation drills actually interfered with listening comprehension. So learners lost interest and were not highly motivated. Improving listening comprehension requires continual attentiveness and interest. Listening skill can be extended systematically only when students are frequently exposed to a wide range of listening materials with an affective, cultural, social, and psycholinguistic approach. Therefore, teachers should help students learn how to comprehend intactly the overall meaning of intended messages. The literature on teaching listening skill suggests various useful activities: TPR, dictation, role playing, singing, picture recognition, completion, prediction, seeking specific information, summarizing, labeling, humor, jokes, cartoons, media, and so on. Practical classroom teaching necessitates a systematic procedure in which students should take part in meaningful tasks/activities. In addition to this, learners must practice listening comprehension trough a self-study process.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.121-139
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• 2014

In this review, we will discuss aptamer technologies including in vitro selection, signal transduction mechanisms, and designing aptamers and aptazyme for label-free biosensors and catalysts. Dye-displacement, a typical label-less method, is described here which allows avoiding relatively complex labeling steps and extending this application to any aptamers without specific conformational changes, in a more simple, sensitive and cost effective way. We will also describe most recent and advanced technologies of signaling aptamer and aptazyme for the various analytical and clinical applications. Quantum dot biosensor (QDB) is explained in detail covering designing and adaptations for multiplexed protein detection. Application to aptamer array utilizing self-assembled signaling aptamer DNA tile and the novel methods that can directly select smart aptamer or aptazyme experimentally and computationally will also be finally discussed, respectively.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.696-701
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• 2002

This paper describes some results of change detection in Tokyo metropolitan area, Japan , using the Landsat TM data, and methods to quantify the ground cover classes. The changes are analyzed using the measures of not only conventional spectral classes but also a set of landscape indices to describe spatial properties of ground cove types using fractal dimension of objects, entropy in the specific windows defining the neighbors of focusing locations. In order eliminate the seasonal radiometric effects on TM data, an automated class labeling method is also attempted. Urban areas are also delineated automatically by defining the boundaries of the urban area. These procedures for urban change detection were implemented by the unified image computing methods proposed by the author, they can be automated in coherent and systematic ways, and it is anticipated to automate the whole procedures. The results of this analysis suggest that Tokyo metropolitan area was extended to the suburban areas along the new transportation networks and the high density area of Tokyo were also very much extended during the period between 1985 and 1995.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.290-293
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• 2005

This paper proposes and evaluates a new approach to detect ships as targets from Radarslit-l SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) imagery in the vicinity of Korean peninsula. To be more specific, a labeling technique and morphological filtering in conjunction with some other methods are employed to automatically detect the ships. From the test, the ships are revealed to be detected. For ground truth data, information from a radar system is used, which allows assessing accuracy of the approach. The results showed that the proposed approach has the high potential in automatically detecting the ships

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.147-152
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• 2005

This paper proposes an evaluates a new approach to detect ships as targets from Radarsat-1 SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) imagery in the vicinity of Korean peninsula. To be more specific, a labeling technique and morphological filtering in conjunction with some other methods are employed to automatically detect the ships. From the test, the ships are revealed to be detected. For ground truth data, information from a radar system is used, which allows assessing accuracy of the approach. The results showed that the proposed approach has the high potential in automatically detecting the ships.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.191-195
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• 2000

Quantitation of N7-methyldeoxyguanosine (N7-MedG) produced in the in vitro N-methly-N-nitrosuourea (NMU) action on thymus DNA has been achieved by enzymatic degradation, liquid chromatoraphic separaphic separation and desorption chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry. In conjunction with the resolving power HPLC in the separation of isomers, desorprion chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry has utilized in determining modified nucleosides at low levels using a stable-isotope labled compound as an internal reforence. The quantitative estimation of N7-methyldeoxyguanosine was previously established by an independent HPLC analysis of methylated calf thymus DNA. A sensitive and specific methodogy for the quantitation of N7-MedG at the picomole level using HPLC combined with tandem mass spectrometry without radioisotope labeling process is presented. The potential of the liquid chromatoraphic tandem mass exposure to methlation agents in vitro.

• Journal of Radiopharmaceuticals and Molecular Probes
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.46-52
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• 2015

Herein we present the synthesis of $^{68}Ga$-labeled gold nanoparticles for in vivo PET imaging. A novel chelator DTPA-Cys was easily prepared from diethylenetriaminepentaacetic dianhydride in high yield. The ${\alpha}_v{\beta}_3$ integrin receptor targeted gold nanoparticle probe was synthesized by using DTPA-Cys, polyethylene glycol and cRGD peptide. $^{68}Ga$ labeling of cRGD conjugated gold nanoparticle was carried out at $40^{\circ}C$ for 30 min. Observed radiochemical yield was more than 75% as determined by radio-TLC and the probe was purified by centrifugation. In vitro stability test showed that 90% of $^{68}Ga$-labeled gold nanoparticle probe was stable in FBS for 1 h. Those results demonstrated that $^{68}Ga$-labeled gold nanoparticle could be used as a potentially useful probe for specific tumor imaging.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2006.07c
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• pp.1319-1321
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• 2006

This research aims to develop the multiple channel electrochemical DNA chip that has the above characteristic and be able to solve the problems. At first, we fabricated a high integration type DNA chip array by lithography technology. It is able to detect a plural genes electrochemically after immobilization of a plural probe DNA and hybridization of non-labeling target DNA on the electrodes simultaneously. It suggested that this DNA chip could recognize the sequence specific genes. It suggested that multichannel electrochemical DNA microarray is useful to develop a portable device for clinical gene diagnostic system.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.51-53
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• 2002

This research aims to develop a multiple channel electrochemical DNA chip using micro-fabrication technology. At first, we fabricated a high integrated type DNA chip array by lithography technology. Several probe DNAs consisting of thiol group at their 5-end were immobilized on the sold electrodes. Then target DNAs were hybridized by an electrical force. Redox peak of cyclic-voltammogram showed a difference between target DNA and mismatched DNA in the anodic peak current. Therefore, it is able to detect a various genes electrochemically after immobilization of a various probe DNA and hybridization of label-free DNA on the electrodes simultaneously. It suggested that this DNA chip could recognize the sequence specific genes.