• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1994.11a
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• pp.61-67
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• 1994

One fundamental problem in developing an AIDS vaccine is antigenic variation of HIV. Despite a substantial induced immune response in gp120-immunized monkeys and humans, high titers of V3-directed type specific neutralizing antibodies may not be sufficient to neutralize continuously emerging new isolates. Several studies analyzing anti-gp120 antibodies in HIV-infected individuals have clearly indicated that most broadly neutralizing antibodies are directed to conformation-dependent epitopes. Therefore, it seems important to evaluate the potential efficacy of candidate gp120 vaccines at inducing such antibodies, that might be potentially protective against multiple HIV strains. One concern in the development of any recombinant protein as a vaccine is its stability when mixed with an adjuvant. This could be a particularly important factor for recombinant gp120, given the conformational nature of its major, broadly neutralizing, epitopes. We hypothesized that gp120 complexed with recombinant CD4 could stabilize the conformation-dependent epitopes and effectively deliver these epitopes to the immune system. In this study, a soluble gp120-CD4 complex in Syntex Adjuvant Formulation was tested in mice to analyze the anti-gp120 antibody response. With the aim of defining the fine specificity and neutalizing activities of the immune response, 17Mabs were generated and characterized. The studies indicate that the gp120-CD4 complex elicits neutralizing anti-gp120 antibodies, most of which are directed to the conformation dependent epitopes.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.467-473
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• 2017

Ascidian embryos have become an important model for embryological studies, offering a simple example for mechanisms of cytoplasmic components segregation. It is a well-known example that the asymmetric segregation of mitochondria into muscle lineage cells occurs during ascidian embryogenesis. However, it is still unclear which signaling pathway is involved in this process. To obtain molecular markers for studying mechanisms involved in the asymmetric distribution of mitochondria, we have produced monoclonal antibodies, Mito-1, Mito-2 and Mito-3, that specifically recognize mitochondria-rich cytoplasm in cells of the ascidian Halocynthia roretzi embryos. These antibodies stained cytoplasm like reticular structure in epidermis cells, except for nuclei, at the early tailbud stage. Similar pattern was observed in vital staining of mitochondria with DiOC2, a fluorescent probe of mitochondria. Immunostaining with these antibodies showed that mitochondria are evenly distributed in the animal hemisphere blastomeres at cleavage stages, whereas not in the vegetal hemisphere blastomeres. Mitochondria were transferred to the presumptive muscle and nerve cord lineage cells of the marginal zone in the vegetal hemisphere more than to the presumptive mesenchyme, notochord and endoderm lineage of the central zone. Therefore, it is suggested that these antibodies will be useful markers for studying mechanisms involved in the polarized distribution of mitochondria during ascidian embryogenesis.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.91-97
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• 2012

The strategy for infectious bursal disease (IBD) control and its success rate under field conditions depends on hygiene management, IBD field pressure, level, and variation in maternally derived IBD antibodies. This study investigated the level of IBD-specific antibody by ELISA and the prevalence of IBD virus by PCR in broilers, white-semi broilers, and Korean native chickens raised in Jeongeup, Jeonbuk. IBD-specific maternally derived antibodies were measured from 698 chickens and the mean titers of maternal antibodies were $3,572{\pm}1,402$ in broilers, $1,262{\pm}762$ in white-semi broilers, and $1,932{\pm}912$ in Korean native chickens. At 2 weeks after vaccination, the geometric mean antibody titers of broiler, white-semi broiler, and Korean native chicken were $582{\pm}427$, $3255{\pm}1,080$, and $1,023{\pm}499$, respectively. According to sequence analysis of the variable virion protein 2 gene, 4 isolates were found to be very virulent IBDV, 9 isolates classical virulent, and 2 isolates intermediate plus vaccine strain.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.129-131
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• 2012

Blood samples were collected from 672 goats in 60 farms from five provinces of Korea between November 2009 and August 2011. The prevalence of antibodies to pestiviruses was investigated. The examination for antibodies was performed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) detecting antibodies to the bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and border disease virus (BDV). All blood samples were screened using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with primer pairs specific to common pestivirus genome regions. The observed individual seroprevalence was 1.49% and herd seroprevalence was 11.67%. Also, the specific genomes to pestiviruses were detected in 3 out of the 915 clinical samples (0.45%). Based on the nucleotide sequence data, detected pestiviruses were belonged to two BVDV type-1 and one BVDV type-2. The pestivirus infection has been occurred among Korean black goats. However, our results indicate that the prevalence of pestiviruses in black goats was not significantly higher on farms with cattle.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 2019

Transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE) is a disease confined to pigs of all ages, and can be a significant cause of economic loss in breeding herds, primarily because of the very high piglet mortality. The causative agent is a coronavirus, an enveloped positive strand RNA virus and closely related but non-enteropathogenic porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCV). Although the TGEV has declined with its innocent relative, PRCV, further genome changes could not be excluded. Therefore, the herd-level immunity against this virus is important for the prevention of disease and should be carefully monitored. The aim of this study is to develop monoclonal antibody capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (MAC-ELISA) which can rapidly and accurately determine a large numbers of serum samples for surveillance purpose, and to compare the ELISA with a TGEV-specific serum neutralization test. The MAC-ELISA was sufficiently achieved, and the comparison with the virus-specific serum neutralization assays for 713 sera from pig farms showed a high correlation ($r^2=0.812$, P<0.001). The specificity and sensitivity of MAC-ELISA for the serum neutralization test 91.9% and 91.6%, respectively, which means that the antibody detected by the MAC-ELISA could be said to be protective antibodies. In conclusion, the developed MAC-ELISA would be very helpful in evaluating protective antibodies against TGEV.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 2024

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with two Novirhabdovirus antigens (viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus, VHSV and infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus, IHNV) was used to detect specific antibodies against VHSV from olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) sera. In ELISA plates with VHSV culture supernatants (VHSV-Ag plate), optical density (OD) values for sera from olive flounder with VHS history (VHS sera) ranged from 0.64±0.36, and those of sera from fish without VHS history (non-VHS sera) ranged from 0.26±0.26. In IHNV-Ag plate, the OD values (0.43±0.28) for VHS sera were quite low compared to those in VHSV-Ag plates, while the OD values for non-VHS sera were almost similar. When the OD values for each serum were calculated by subtracting the OD values in the IHNV-Ag plate from those in the VHSV-Ag plate, the corrected OD values were significantly different between VHS sera and non-VHS sera. The results were completely in line with fish histories of VHS epizootics. It was considered that the corrected OD values may represent the true values recognized by VHSV-specific antibodies.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.236-246
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• 2009

As the allergic diseases in patients are increasing, it is important to find out the allergens. A multiple antigen simultaneous test(MAST) is a simple method for in vitro measurement of allergen-specific IgE antibodies. This study was performed to evaluate the relationship between allergen-specific IgE antibodies, serum total IgE and peripheral eosinophil count in the allergic patients. According to the results of the study, the total IgE positive rate(above class 2) from the inhalent is 96.97%, and that from food panel is 98.06%. The research showed that the positive rate of the allergen-specific IgE was House dust 51.52%, D. farinae 45.46%, Cat 31.99% in inhalent panel, and 55.34%, 42.72%, 34.96% in food panel. Serum total IgE was associated with allergy, however, allergy was not always associated with eosinophilia.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.179-191
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• 2009

Background: The present study examines a hypothesis that short allergen-derived peptides may shift an Aspergillus fumigatus (Afu-) specific TH2 response towards a protective TH1. Five overlapping peptides (P1-P5) derived from Asp f1, a major allergen/antigen of Afu, were evaluated for prophylactic or therapeutic efficacy in BALB/c mice. Methods: To evaluate the prophylactic efficacy, peptides were intranasally administered to naive mice and challenged with Afu-allergens/antigens. For evaluation of therapeutic efficacy, the mice were sensitized with Afu-allergens/antigens followed by intranasal administration of peptides. The groups were compared for the levels of Afu-specific antibodies in sera and splenic cytokines evaluated by ELISA. Eosinophil peroxidase activity was examined in the lung cell suspensions and lung inflammation was assessed by histopathogy. Results: Peptides P1-, P2- and P3 decreased Afu-specific IgE (84.5~98.9%) and IgG antibodies (45.7~71.6%) in comparison with Afu-sensitized mice prophylactically. P1- and P2-treated ABPA mice showed decline in Afu-specific IgE (76.4~88%) and IgG antibodies (15~54%). Increased IgG2a/IgG1 and IFN-${\gamma}$/IL-4 ratios were observed. P1-P3 prophylactically and P1 therapeutically decreased IL-5 levels and eosinophil peroxidase activity. P1 decreased inflammatory cells' infiltration in lung tissue comparable to non-challenged control. Conclusion: Asp f1-derived peptide P1, prophylactically and therapeutically administered to Balb/c mice, is effective in regulating allergic response to allergens/antigens of Afu, and may be explored for immunotherapy of allergic aspergillosis in humans.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.547-552
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• 2017

The viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) has an extensive host range, and infects farmed and wild fish inhabiting both freshwater and marine ecosystems. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is highly useful in diagnosing viral hemorrhagic septicemia. However, ELISA shows high, non-specific background reaction with fish antibodies. In this study, we optimized the antigen and antibody concentrations used for detecting specific antibodies in VHSV-infected olive flounder to reduce non-specific binding, and improve the sensitivity of ELISA. The results suggested that OD (optical Density) values were valid when ELISA was performed with $0.1{\mu}g/well$ of virus, involving blocking with blocking buffer (Roth, Roti-Block), 1:300-1:600 dilution with flounder antisera, and 1:1000 dilution with anti-flounder IgM and HRP-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG for detecting the VHSV antibody in flounder sera. Furthermore, 11 different VHSV strains isolated in Korea from 2012 to 2016 were used to infect the fish. The results showed no correlation between viral pathogenicity and antibody production. This research is a basic study on the application of antibody detection in the diagnosis of viral hemorrhagic septicemia in the olive flounder.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.5-12
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• 2011

Infectious bursal disease (IBD) caused by infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is a highly contagious viral disease in chicken. It causes heavy economic loss by immune suppression and high mortality. The IBDV, designated Avibirnavirus in the Family Birnaviridae, has a double-stranded RNA genome formed by two segments, segment A and segment B. Segment A encodes a 108 KDa polypeptide that is self-cleaved to produce pVP2, VP3 and VP4, and later pVP2 is cleaved to VP2. The VP2 contains the antigenic regions responsible for elicitation of neutralizing antibodies and VP3 is a major immunogenic protein of IBDV. In this study, monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific for IBDV were produced and characterized. All 15 MAbs were specific for IBDV and did not react with other viruses used in this study. The protein specificity of MAbs was determined by comparing the reactivity patterns of each MAb with IBDV VP2 and VP234 recombinant baculoviruses and Western blot analysis. As a result, 7 MAbs (1F5, 2C8, 2F4, 3C7, 4C3, 6F11, 6G5) and 5 MAbs (2A4, 2G2, 3F5, 3G2, 4F10) were specific for VP2 and VP3, respectively. The protein specificity of 3 MAbs (2B8, 3F7, 3F8) were not determined. Five (2C8, 2F4, 4C3, 6F11, 6G5) of the VP2-specific MAbs had a neutralizing activity against IBDV. Some MAbs reacted with IBDV-infected bursa of Fabricius by indirect fluorescence antibody (IFA) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay. The MAbs produced in this study would be used for diagnostic reagents for the detection of IBDV infection.