• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.15-20
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• 2019

Two species, Zaglyptus multicolor(Gravenhorst) and Zaglyptus semirufus Momoi, are newly recognized from South Korea. Zaglyptus iwatai (Uchida) has only been reported from South Korea to date. Diagnoses of two unrecorded species, illustrations of diagnostic characters and a key to species of this genus are provided.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.179-184
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• 2006

Korean species of the genus Scolobates are reviewed. Three species, Scolobates nigriabdominalis (Uchida, 1952), S. ruficeps (Uchida, 1932), and S. testaceus (Morley, 1913) are newly included in Korean fauna. A revised key to the species, redescriptions and photographs of all Korean species are provided.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.22 no.11
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• pp.1477-1486
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• 2009

Female germ cell meiotic divisions are typically asymmetric, giving rise to two daughter cells with different sizes. Spindle movements including spindle migration from the oocyte center to the cortex and spindle rotation from parallel to perpendicular (typically in the mouse) at the cortex are crucial for these asymmetric divisions and therefore are crucial for gamete production. Different regulatory mechanisms for spindle movements have been determined in different species and a wide variety of different molecular components and processes that are involved in spindle movements have also been identified in different species. Here, we review the current state of knowledge as well as our understanding of mechanisms for spindle movements in different systems with focus on three main aspects: microtubules (MT), microfilaments (MF) and molecules associated with cytoskeletal organization as well as molecules that are not directly related to the cytoskeleton. How they might interact or function independently during female meiotic divisions in different species is discussed in detail.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.313-324
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• 2018

This article reviews Leptotrombidium deliense, including its discovery and nomenclature, morphological features and identification, life cycle, ecology, relationship with diseases, chromosomes and artificial cultivation. The first record of L. deliense was early in 1922 by Walch. Under the genus Leptotrombidium, there are many sibling species similar to L. deliense, which makes it difficult to differentiate L. deliense from another sibling chigger mites, for example, L. rubellum. The life cycle of the mite (L. deliense) includes 7 stages: egg, deutovum (or prelarva), larva, nymphochrysalis, nymph, imagochrysalis and adult. The mite has a wide geographical distribution with low host specificity, and it often appears in different regions and habitats and on many species of hosts. As a vector species of chigger mite, L. deliense is of great importance in transmitting scrub typhus (tsutsugamushi disease) in many parts of the world, especially in tropical regions of Southeast Asia. The seasonal fluctuation of the mite population varies in different geographical regions. The mite has been successfully cultured in the laboratory, facilitating research on its chromosomes, biochemistry and molecular biology.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.275-281
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• 2019

One key step in the plant restoration process is the collection of seeds from the field. For the selection of source populations of target plant species for translocation purposes (reintroduction or reinforcements), several approaches are possible. A practical method involves the use of data from reciprocal transplant studies. If no direct data are available, knowledge of population genetics and the phylogeography of the target species can serve as an alternative. In this short review, we briefly propose guidelines for those collecting seeds for plant species restoration based on population genetics theory, focusing on two main questions: Where does the plant material come from and how are sources designated, and how are seeds efficiently collected from local populations? While genetic data on a larger scale (phylogeography and population genetics) are needed to form a reply to the first question, similar data on a smaller scale (fine-scale genetic structures within populations) are necessary to shed light on the second issue.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.7.1-7.27
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• 2023

The mammalian intestines harbor trillions of commensal microorganisms composed of thousands of species that are collectively called gut microbiota. Among the microbiota, bacteria are the predominant microorganism, with viruses, protozoa, and fungi (mycobiota) making up a relatively smaller population. The microbial communities play fundamental roles in the maturation and orchestration of the immune landscape in health and disease. Primarily, the gut microbiota modulates the immune system to maintain homeostasis and plays a crucial role in regulating the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of inflammatory, neuronal, and metabolic disorders. The microbiota modulates the host immune system through direct interactions with immune cells or indirect mechanisms such as producing short-chain acids and diverse metabolites. Numerous researchers have put extensive efforts into investigating the role of microbes in immune regulation, discovering novel immunomodulatory microbial species, identifying key effector molecules, and demonstrating how microbes and their key effector molecules mechanistically impact the host immune system. Consequently, recent studies suggest that several microbial species and their immunomodulatory molecules have therapeutic applicability in preclinical settings of multiple disorders. Nonetheless, it is still unclear why and how a handful of microorganisms and their key molecules affect the host immunity in diverse diseases. This review mainly discusses the role of microbes and their metabolites in T helper cell differentiation, immunomodulatory function, and their modes of action.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.56 no.6
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• pp.603-607
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• 2018

This study was carried out to determine the pathogen-causing diarrhoea in sheep Ovis aries in the Qinghai Tibetan Plateau Area, China. A trophozoite was identified as species of ciliate alveolates infecting the sheep based on morphological characteristics examined by microscope. It was mostly spherical, colourless and transparent, with many vesicles. Macronucleus and contractile vacuoles could not be distinguished. Size of the trophozoite was $80-180{\times}70-150{\mu}m$ and its surface was covered with cilia. Molecular analysis based on sequences of 18S rRNA and ITS genes confirmed the ciliate species as Balantidium coli. According to the literature, there have been many epidemiological investigations of B. coli infection in pigs, monkeys and humans. To our knowledge, this was the first report of B. coli infections in sheep in the Qinghai Tibetan Plateau Area of China, or eleswhere around the world. Importantly, the sheep case was rare but raised our concern that B. coli may spread across species and expand its host range.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.75-81
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• 2012

Because N-Nitrosodimethylamine(NDMA) is well-known as a potential carcinogen, extensive research has addressed its treatment by ultraviolet(UV) and its degradation pathway. However, the detailed mechanism by which NDMA is photolyzed to form oxidized products, i.e., ${NO_2}^-$ and ${NO_3}^-$, is still not understood. This study reveals a key reactive species during the photolysis of NDMA. The study on a key reactive species was indirectly performed with the formation of nitrogen oxidized products and reactions between methanol and an unknown reactive species formed during the photolysis of NDMA. The peroxynitrite($ONOO^-$) generated by the direct UV photolysis of NDMA would be identified as a key reactive species in oxidizing nitrogen intermediates to ${NO_2}^-$and ${NO_3}^-$.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.233-244
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• 2002

As one of the serial studies on the taxonomy of Conthocamptus mirabilis species group in South Korea, C. semicirculus Kikuchi, widely distributed in the southern part of the Far East, and C. coreensis n. sp. from the middle west of South Korea are recorded. Intraspecific variability of some important characters like outer caudal setae and the spinous process of male leg 3 exopod was examined in Korean population of C. semicirculus. Canthocamptus coreensis n. sp. possesses the plesiomorphic characters of the round and narrow hyaline membrane of anal operculum and lacking the sexual reverse transformation in female caudal rami, while it also evolves the apomorphic ones of the modified outer apical setae of male leg 4 exopod and the spinous process of male leg 3 exopod. A key to the five species of the species group known from Korea is prepared.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.683-691
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• 2015

The objective of this study was to identify the coccoidal bacteria present in 188 samples of fermented yaks’, mares’ and cows’ milk products collected from 12 different regions in Mongolia. Furthermore, we evaluated the fermentation properties of ten selected isolates of the predominant species, Streptococcus (S.) thermophiles, during the process of milk fermentation and subsequent storage of the resulting yoghurt at 4℃. Overall, 159 isolates were obtained from 188 samples using M17 agar. These isolates were presumed to be lactic acid bacteria based on their gram-positive and catalase-negative properties, and were identified to species level using 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. These coccoid isolates were distributed in four genera and six species: Enterococcus (E.) durans, Enterococcus (E.) faecalis, Lactococcus (Lac.) subsp. lactis, Leuconostoc (Leuc.) lactis, Leuconostoc (Leuc.) mesenteroides. subsp. mesenteroides and S. thermophilus. Among these S. thermophilus was the most common species in most samples. From evaluation of the fermentation characteristics (viable counts, pH, titratable acidity [TA]) of ten selected S. thermophilus isolates we could identify four isolates (IMAU 20246, IMAU20764, IMAU20729 and IMAU20738) that were fast acid producers. IMAU20246 produced the highest concentrations of lactic acid and formic acid. These isolates have potential as starter cultures for yoghurt production.