• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.301-316
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• 2015

The endangered species, The Red-crowned Crane and the White-naped Crane are vulnerable species to the disturbance for human beings. We examined the importance of CCZ for the cranes by comparing the crane's density in some CCZ-released areas, which are cranes' wintering site in Cheorwon. We also assessed influence of disturbance such as construction and greenhouses on core habitats of cranes. Our study results suggested that the construction and reclamation in the CCZ shrunk core habitat area while increasing core area of far from the construction and reclamation area. The CCZ has been set since March, 2011 and the number of greenhouse has rapidly increased after 2012. As the number and size of greenhouse in the area where designation of CCZ was cancelled increased, foraging area of cranes diminished. Although the area where designation of CCZ was cancelled seemed to have more human disturbance than CCZ, the foraging density of cranes did not decline and even that of white-naped cranes increased. This could be the influence of artificial food supply at their roosting site. In conclusion, if the area of CCZ decline continuously in the future, density of cranes would decrease.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.400-409
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to examine annual changes of coastal fisheries production in the shore of Jeonbuk Province in Korea. The catch data of an experimental vessel that used dredge nets were used to study fish species and catch per unit of fishing effort carried out from April 2002 to November 2004. The total number of fish species caught in 2002 was 23, and 15 in 2004. Total number of individuals were 6,008 and their total weight was 376.38 kg in 2002. In 2004, total number of fishes was 2,469, and their weight was 211.99 kg. The annual changes in fisheries production in the western coast of Korea were also analyzed from 1990 to 2007. The total near shore fisheries products in Korea has been relatively stable around 1,4000,000 metric tons to 1,8000,000 tons during this period. Similarly the Chungnam Province's annual fish catch had steadily risen from about 51,187 tons in 1990 to 85,637 tons in 2007. However, Jeonbuk Province's annual fish catch declined dramatically at around 133, 000 tons in 1990 to 45,000 tons in 2007. In summery, while the overall Korea's fisheries production has been stable over the past decade, that of Jeonbuk Province suffered drastic decline in the period. This decline was reflected in the decreased number of fish species, total individuals, and total catch in surverys performed with an experimental vessel.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.74-83
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• 2021

Distribution status, habitat characteristics, and extinction threat evaluation of the endangered species, Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis were investigated in 2015 and 2019. Historical distribution reports of B. l. tsinlingensis were divided into before 1990, 1997~2006, 2000~2011, and 2010~2019. Among the 150 sampling sites investigated during the study period, number of individuals of B. l. tsinlingensis were collected 542 individuals from 67 sites. The streams inhabited of B. l. tsinlingensis were Naerincheon (11 stations), Odaecheon (11 stations), Bukcheon (10 stations), Bangtaecheon (8 stations), Songjeongricheon (4 stations), Suipcheon (3 stations), Inbukcheon (3 stations), Hyeondongcheon (3 stations) etc. The main habitat of B. l. tsinlingensis was upstream of the river with a high altitude of more than 400 m, 4~20 m water flow width, 1~2 m water depth, and high ratio (70~80%) boulder bottoms. The main reasons for the decline in population size were assumed as river works, construction of reservoirs and bridges, discharge of contaminated water into the river, the inflow of summer vacationers, and weir. Compared to our results there exists evidence that states a 20.7% reduction in occupancy within 10 years, in a small appearance range (7,732 km²) and occupancy area (268 km²), number of disconnected locations (15 locations), and a decline in habitat quality. Therefore, B. l. tsinlingensis is now considered as Near Threatened (NT) based on the results (Near meets VU A2acd, B1b(i,ii,iii)+B2b(i,ii,iii)) of IUCN Red List categories and criteria.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.353-364
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• 1993

To elucidate ecophysiological factors affecting nutural distribution of evergreen broad-leabed trees in Danohad National Marine Park, water potential, relative water content and photosynthetic activities of 4 species, Cammellia japonica, Machilus thunbergii, Castanopsis cuspidata var.sieboldii and Quercus acuta, were potential began to decrease from 07:00h to its minimum value at 13:00h for C. cuspidata var. sieboldii (-14.3bar) and Q. acuta (-19.4bar) at 16:00 h for M. thunbergii(-17.0bar) and at 19:00 h for C. japonica (-14.5bar), and these showed similar trends to relative water content. Photosynthetic activities of 4 species began to increase from 7:00 h and reached maximum values before their minimum values of water potential occureed. Optimum temperature renges of photosynthetic activities was $18~20^{\circ}C$ for C. japonica - M. thunbergii and $14~16^{\circ}C$ for C. cuspidata var. sieboldii Quercus acuta.Q.acuta had the highest light saturation point of $0.4mM/m^2/s$ and C. japonica the lowest of $0.15mM/m^2/s$. Water potential of 4 species subjected to water stress, began to decrease after 1st day of drought and after 21th day of drought, those of C. japonica, M. thunbergii, C. cuspidata var. sieboldii and Q. acuta decreased to species began to decrease after 7th day of drought and after 21th day, those of M. thunbergii, C. cuspidata var. sieboldii and Q. acuta were dropped to about 50% and C. japonica 83.5%. Photosynthetic activity of 4 specie began to decline in the order of C. cuspidata var. sieboldii, Q.acuta, C. japonica and M. thunbergii after 10th day of drought. These results suggest that the segregated disributions of C. japonica - M. thunbergii on vally positions and C. cuspidata var. sieboldii - Q. acuta on slopes were associated with different responses of water status and photosyntheties to their environment.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.305-317
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• 2023

Ethiopia is branded as the Water Tower of Africa because of its abundant inland water bodies that may be used sustainably to boost the economy. This review article's goal is to examine the current status and future potential of Ethiopia's fisheries, with a special focus on reservoirs. There are 200 known fish species (194 native, 40 endemic, and 11 exotic) in in Ethiopia's inland water. Ethiopia's fish production has increased by a factor of more than five in the past three decades (3,500 tons in 1983 to 15,681 tons in 2000 and 18,058 tons in 2010). However, fish produced in reservoirs is too low (8,059 t/year). The current fish harvests from reservoirs are significantly below the predicted potential yield, accounting for only 35% of the calculated fish production capacity. In this review, 14 potential reserves were revealed. A total of 48 fish species have been reported in these, of which 26 species (or around 54%) are present in Alwero reservoir. 19 of the 48 species that have been officially recognized belong to the Cyprinidae family and made up nearly 40% of the fish population in Ethiopian reservoirs. There has been, however, a decline in the productivity of Ethiopia's reservoir fish. Hence, actively start fishing in the numerous reservoirs that have been neglected yet, link the potential of fisheries and the benefits of the fish farming supply chain, let's begin building several other reservoirs similar to the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam and beginning mechanized-based fish harvesting.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.113-119
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• 2016

The long lived iteroparous conifers produce male and female gametophyte for hundreds of years once they reach the reproductive stage, however, the production of seed is not frequent. This phenomenon of infrequent seed production in conifers is yet to be understood. An attempt to study this change in cone production in Cedrus deodara of Western Himalayas -a species reported to be mainly monoecious and rarely dioecious has been made. The observations recorded on selected trees of flowering/fruiting stage for four years at four different locations have shown the species to be dioecious with higher percentage of female trees during good seed year but with no definite or predictable pattern of reproduction in the trees. A decline in production of female trees was witnessed at all but one location immediately year after reaching the maximum (good seed year). The phenomenon of seed production has been observed to be cyclic and site specific. A change in the sexual behavior of the trees from male to female or vice-versa, male or female turning monoecious or vegetative and vegetative coming to reproductive was unpredictable.

• Mycobiology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.199-202
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• 2008

Inonotus obliquus is a fungus that causes white heart rot on several broad-leaved species. This fungus forms typical charcoal-black, sterile conks (chaga) or cinder conks on infected stems of the birche (Betula spp). The dark brown pulp of the sterile conk is formed by a pure mycelial mass of fungus. Chaga are a folk remedy in Russia, reflecting the circumboreal distribution of I. obliquus in boreal forest ecosystems on Betula spp. and in meridional mountain forests on beech (Fagus spp.) in Russia, Scandinavia, Central Europe, and Eastern Europe. Distribution at lower latitudes in Western and Southern Europe, Northern America, Asia, Japan, and Korea is rare. Infected trees grow for many years without several symptoms of decline. The infection can penetrate through stem injuries with exterior sterile conks developing later. In the Czech Republic, cinder conk is found on birches inhabiting peat bogs and in mountain areas with a colder and more humid climate, although it is widespread in other broad leaved species over the Czech Republic. The most common hosts are B. pendula, B. pubescens, B. carpatica, and F. sylvatica. Less frequent hosts include Acer campestre, Acer pseudoplatanus, Alnus glutinosa, Alnus incana, Fraxinus excelsior, Quercus cerris, Q. petraea, Q. robur, Q. delachampii, and Ulmus sp.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.327-336
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• 2017

Fishing dredge in Jeollabuk-do began to become widespread in the 1960s and has continued to catch diverse kinds of shellfish in the productive fishing grounds around Dongjin River, Mangyeong River and Geum River estuaries. Since the 1970s, the construction of various large-scale industrial complex and the implementation of Saemangeum reclamation project have resulted in a decrease in main fishing areas and a sharp decline in shellfish production. As a result, dredge fishery has faced many difficulties. Dredge fishery in Jeollabuk-do is carried out with a total of 30 fishing permits as of 2016. Surf clams, hen clams, bladder moon snails, and common orient clams were mainly caught before the construction of Saemangeum dike while comb pen shells, purple whelks and ark shells are mainly caught afterwards. Inside the Saemangeum dike, most fish species have disappeared due to low water level and low salinity, and littleneck clams are caught using a jet pump type of fishing dredge. Outside the dike, the diversity of shellfish species has been reduced; comb pen shells are mainly caught. In this process, a lot of friction occurs due to the use of a reformatted dredge. Therefore, a lot of research needs to be conducted in the near future.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.32 no.8
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• pp.1286-1298
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• 2008

This study was attempted to examine the indigo dyeing technique in the latter Joseon Dynasty, and to find diachronic specifics in the indigo dyeing method from 17C to 19C. The results are as follows: First, There were 2 kinds of indigo species-Yoram(Polygonum tinctorium Lour.) and Sungram(Isatis tinctoria L.)-in the latter Joseon Dynasty. Dangram was preferred in particular among Yoram species because of its high dyeing efficiency. Sungram was mainly used for making Jeon(indigo sediment). Second, Yoram cultivation took the following order: Sowing in April${\rightarrow}$planting out in June${\rightarrow}$harvesting leaves in August${\rightarrow}$collecting seeds in September. Sungram had more harvesting times and wider harvesting period than Yoram. Third, all indigo dyeing methods were grouped into two categories, one was temporary dyeing method, the other was permanent dyeing method. Mixture dyeing of the boiled and the raw, raw leaves dyeing, and fermentation dyeing belonged to the temporary dyeing. Jeon dyeing and Gaeogi dyeing belonged to the permanent dyeing. Finally, diachronic specifics from 17C to 19C were as follows: Decline in the mixture dyeing of the boiled and the raw, development in the raw leaves dyeing, continuance of the fermentation dyeing, and naturalization of Jeon dyeing technique.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.54 no.5
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• pp.565-572
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• 2016

Whilst archaeological evidence for many aspects of life in ancient China is well studied, there has been much less interest in ancient infectious diseases, such as intestinal parasites in past Chinese populations. Here, we bring together evidence from mummies, ancient latrines, and pelvic soil from burials, dating from the Neolithic Period to the Qing Dynasty, in order to better understand the health of the past inhabitants of China and the diseases endemic in the region. Seven species of intestinal parasite have been identified, namely roundworm, whipworm, Chinese liver fluke, oriental schistosome, pinworm, Taenia sp. tapeworm, and the intestinal fluke Fasciolopsis buski. It was found that in the past, roundworm, whipworm, and Chinese liver fluke appear to have been much more common than the other species. While roundworm and whipworm remained common into the late 20th century, Chinese liver fluke seems to have undergone a marked decline in its prevalence over time. The iconic transport route known as the Silk Road has been shown to have acted as a vector for the transmission of ancient diseases, highlighted by the discovery of Chinese liver fluke in a 2,000 year-old relay station in northwest China, 1,500 km outside its endemic range.