• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.91-103
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• 2017

General anesthesia is commonly used to facilitate dental treatment in patients with anxiety or challenging behavior, many of whom are children or patients with special needs. When performing procedures under general anesthesia, dental surgeons must perform a thorough pre-operative assessment, as well as ensure that the patients are aware of the potential risks and that informed consent has been obtained. Such precautions ensure optimal patient management and reduce the frequency of morbidities associated with this form of sedation. Most guidelines address the management of pediatric patients under general anesthesia. However, little has been published regarding this method in patients with special needs. This article constitutes a review of the current literature regarding management of patients with special needs under general anesthesia.

• 품질경영학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2001

We consider the problem of detecting special variations in multivariate $T^2$-control chart when two or more multivariate outliers are present. Since a multivariate outlier may reflect slippage in mean, variance, or correlation, it can distort the sample mean vector and sample covariance matrix. Damaged sample mean vector and sample covariance matrix have difficulty in examining special variations clearly, An alternative to detection outliers or special variations is to use robust estimators of mean vector and covariance matrix that are less sensitive to extreme observations than are the standard estimators $\bar{x}$ and $\textbf{S}$. We applied popular minimum volume ellipsoid(MVE) and minimum covariance determinant(MCD) method to estimate mean vector and covariance matrix and compared its results with standard $T^2$-control chart using simulated multivariate data with outliers. We found that the modified $T^2$-control chart based on the above robust methods were more effective in detecting special variations clearly than the standard $T^2$-control chart.

• 동국한의학연구소논문집
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• 제4권
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• pp.147-160
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• 1995

The aim of this studies was to elucidate the derivation, meaning and use of the special points of MADANYANG. The results obtained were as follows : The remedial cases of special points of MADANYANG came within the category in that of literature cited. So, it was considerable that a method of selection of remedial points in MADANYANG was not creative but universal at that time. The special points of MADANYANG did not have a fixed organizing rule against it's medrian, visera and bowel in contrast to source points, connecting points, five element points etc. And it was only organized on the basis of remedial value.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제18권
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• pp.379-384
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• 1998

Conventional short-term load forecasting techniques have limitation in their use on holidays due to dissimilar load behaviors of holidays and insufficiency of pattern data. Thus, a new short-term load forecasting method for special days in anomalous load conditions is proposed in this paper. The proposed method uses two Artificial Neural Networks(ANN); one is for the estimation of load curve, and the other is for the estimation of minimum and maximum value of load. The forecasting procedure is as follows. First, the normalized load curve is estimated by ANN. At next step, minimum and maximum values of load in a special day are estimated by another ANN. Finally, the estimate of load in a whole special day is obtained by combining these two outputs of ANNs. The proposed method shows a good performance, and it may be effectively applied to the practical situations.

• 디자인학연구
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.61-73
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• 1991

The exhibition activity that a company is rendering to their consumers for the purpose of advertisement, sales promotion and enhancement of company inage get more and more internationalized and specialized. A company is changing from mass production system to small quantity production of various kinds to meet consumer's individualization and differentiation. Also, a company is experiencing a major change in their marketing strategy. As the society is entering on Information Age, the contents that a company intends to give consumer may be different individually. If a consumer is informed wrong information of the goods, a company needs a place to meet consumer face to face where the consumer feels and understands the substance of the goods. This is the current characteristics of Exhibition Media. Based on the result of the current Special Exhibition home and abroad along with background and characteristics of special Exhibition, this study sets a following task reflecting the general trend of social, cultural and economic atmosphere. First, Current Exhibition Industry will be diversified into more Specialized Exhibition, while our Exhibition Industry is very shaky under severe international competition. Also, Exhibition Plan that involves with architecture, interior, graphic, industrial design and advertisement, etc., needs international competitiveness while enhancing identity of Exhibition Plan along with comprehensive marketing strategy in the future. Second, Among most of the local special Exhibitions which invite the general public are normally invited for company public relation contrary to those of U.S.A. and Europe. This signifies of our industrial and social structure's by-product. As the future exhibition become Information Com$$\mu$ication Exhibition which requires specialized technical explanation, the correct description of the goods should be set as a Judgement basis of Exhibition Plan. Third, In parallel with increase of the Exhibition, the equipment expenses of a company goes up continuously. In view of this, a study $$\mu$t be oriented for re-use and curtailment of expenditure of those equipment. Also, as the use of Assembly System B on the rise as a result of diversification of special Exhibition, a study on the development of new material & design for Exhibition Equipment only B required.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.218-225
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• 2021

연구목적과 방법: 소방공무원 국가직화에 따른 다양한 변화 중 소방재정 분야에 주목을 하고, 소방특별회계가 당초 취지와 목적에 맞게 안정적으로 정착될 수 있도록 관련 법령 및 실태 등의 분석을 통해 개선방안을 제시하였다. 연구결과: 소방정책사업비가 소방특별회계 설치의 당초 취지에 부합하여 온전히 소방사업에 사용되어질 수 있도록 인건비에 대한 이중적인 편성기준 개정하는 한편, 예비비의 편성 기준인 "예산총액의 100분의 1 이내 규정"에서 예산총액에 인건비를 포함하고 있어 계속적으로 예비비 편성규모가 증가될 것으로 판단되는바 예비비 편성에 있어 '예산총액'이 아닌 '사업비 총액'으로 변경하는 등의 개선이 필요하다. 결론: 소방특별회계 내의 소방정책사업비가 당초 취지와 목적에 부합하여 편성되고 집행될 수 있도록 예산편성 기준과 규모와 관련해 제도개선이 필요하며, 이를 통해 더욱 안정적인 소방조직의 운영과 소방서비스의 질 향상이 필요하다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.43-50
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• 1999

The features of special brand eggs are growing more and more diverse and it is hard to draw a clear distinction between these and ordinary (no-brand) eggs. Special brand eggs range from those with objectively recognizable characteristics to those given only an unsubstantial product image and price differentials are among them great, too. The relation between product features and prices is unclear. Special brand eggs are the commodity whose characteristics are the vaguest of all livestock products. Farm's brand eggs produce a high profitability to producers is they are directly sold to consumers, by, for example, home-delivery service. But if they are sold to supermarkets, etc., producer's (poultry farmer's) income becomes lower by the amount of distributors' margin, reducing the profitability substantially. Thus how to increase the ration of retailing is important for farmers to secure a high profit. The sales strategies of poultry are the combination of two elements, that is, new product development (product differentiation) and creation of new market. But it is difficult for special brand egg producers to develop products with clear characteristics (use value) distinct form ordinary eggs and so these producers depend on the factors of appearance, such as the color of egg shells and package. Special brand eggs manage to keep their marketable value by the combination of the few product features and product image. Thus NB eggs from feed producers have a great market-ability since they can take advantage of the power of patents and TV commercials. However, market differentiation affects profitability much more than product features and price gaps are very wide between directly sold and wholesaled eggs. The producers of special brand eggs have come to the turning point where they have to decide whether they will content with being the subcontractors for NB and PB eggs or they will continue to keep their independence in production and marketing.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제27권9호
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• pp.279-286
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• 2022

이 연구의 목적은 일선 초·중등학교에서 컴퓨터 사용이 필요한 일회성 특강 프로그램의 개발 및 적용 사례를 제시하는 데 있다. 이를 위해 연구자는 라즈베리 파이로 학생용 PC 기능을 수행하는 교구를 제작한 후 이 교구에서 활용할 수 있는 아두이노 기반 특강 프로그램을 개발하였다. 개발된 특강 프로그램은 K 대학 인근의 3개 초, 중학교에서 적용한 후 프로그램에 대한 평가를 수행하였다. 이 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 특강에서 활용할 PC 기능의 교구를 개발하였다. 둘째, 아두이노를 활용한 찾아가는 특강 교육 프로그램의 교수학습자료를 개발하였다. 셋째, 특강에서 소수 인원을 개별지도 하는 교수학습 방법을 활용하였다. 넷째, 특강 프로그램의 적용 결과 높은 만족도를 확인할 수 있었다. 이 연구의 결과는 컴퓨터 사용이 필요한 일회성 특강 프로그램을 기획하거나 피지컬 컴퓨팅 관련 기기를 학교 현장에서 적용하고자 하는 교수자들이 참고할 수 있는 유익한 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 1993년도 한국자동제어학술회의논문집(국내학술편); Seoul National University, Seoul; 20-22 Oct. 1993
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• pp.1178-1182
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• 1993

Variable-displacement pumps are inherently more efficeint than fixed-displacement pumps under varying loads. Their energy-saving characteristics can be improved by the use of special control. This paper shows the improvement of the system by the use of load-sesing technique.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to examine the policy direction and execution plans of the Japanese central and local governments for the use of vacant houses after the enactment of the "Special Act on Vacant Houses." It also seeks to provide suggestions for establishing vacant house policies in Korea by identifying the characteristics of the Japanese policies, and to suggest policy alternatives that can contribute to environmental improvement and regional revitalization through the use of vacant houses. For this purpose, we examined Japan's "Special Act on Vacant Houses," the process of establishing vacant house policies in the Japanese central and local governments, and the contents and direction of these policies. Below are the results of this study. First, the Japanese government revised mid to long-term policies related to housing after the enactment of the "Special Act on Vacant Houses", thereby providing ground for local governments to establish vacant house policies. Second, the government actively supported the operation and funding of related associations so that the private sector rather than the public sector could address vacant house problems. Third, the government subsidized administrative expenses such as cost of finding vacant house owners to prevent neglect of vacant houses, and showed its will to address vacant house problems by revising taxes such as property taxes and transfer income taxes. Fourth, the government has enacted distinct ordinances for each local government and made it possible to perform customized policies such as allowing residents and local stakeholders to participate in the establishment of vacant house policies. Fifth, the government made it possible to manage vacant houses efficiently by allowing the vacant house bank to provide all information related to the use of vacant houses. It is necessary for Korea's central and local governments to refer to these precedent cases and create efforts to reduce trial and error when establishing vacant house policies.