• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.1-13
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• 2004

The purposes of this study were to investigate whether there were differences in the young children's abilities to use spatial coordinates and to represent spatial locations by children's age and sex, and to examine the relationship between these two abilities. It also explored whether the young children could use coordinates as the frames of reference for representing spatial locations. Seventy 5- and 6-year-old children from two kindergartens in Seoul and in Bucheon participated in this study. Results indicated that there were statistically significant differences between age groups on the children's ability to use spatial coordinates and to represent spatial locations. However, there were no significant differences between boys and girls on these two abilities. A positive correlation was found between theses two abilities of using spatial coordinates and representing spatial locations. Most of the young children used landmarks as the frames of reference to represent spatial locations while some of the children were partially able to use spatial coordinates. Twenty percent of 6-year-old children were fully able to use spatial coordinates as the frames of reference to represent spatial locations.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.497-506
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• 2011

The rapid industrial and technological development has made the human activities for the utilization of marine resources more complex. Marine spatial management is a space-based approach. It is a comprehensive and integrated management approach. The ultimate goal of marine spatial management is the "sustainable use" of marine resources. The partial approach is applied in the existing marine spatial management, mainly coastal zones which involves integrated approach. Also this showed various limitations including restricted mostly to coastal zones, and limitation to implementation tools. However, for marine spatial management to have a reasonable approach that attaches importance to the relationship between humans and the holistic ecosystem, it is important to internalize a central principle in marine spatial management that focuses on the sustainable use of marine resources. In the present study, four central principles are proposed that will eventually be applied through marine spatial management planning tools. These principles are 1) the establishment of a cooperative decision making and planning system that is based on stakeholder participation; 2) scientific assessment of the current status and impact on the basis of ecology, sociology, and economics; 3) reasonable and optimal spatial assignment based on the forecasting of future-use characteristics and environmental changes; and 4) ascribing importance to the implementation of the results of rational planning processes.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.62-70
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• 2017

This study has a purpose that definitize correlationship of spatial structure and sales strategies in mixed-use complexes which established in Korea since year 2000. For this purpose, this study tries to analysis spatial structure of mixed-use facilities through space syntax theory and makes an typological categorization based on their space composition. As a result of categorization, Korean mixed-use facilities can be classed as three types. First type is integrated stacking type. Second one is parallel connecting type. Third type is room to room type. According to differences between categories, their spatial structures show different meaning with different sales strategies. Integrated stacking type sales luxury brands and expensive stuffs and it also has deep and complicated structure. That means theses spaces usually make a strategy of exclusion. Parallel connecting type sales special categories and it also has shallow and easy spatial structure. That means these facilities want to make a smooth connection between apposed volumes. Room to room type sales cheap and fancy objects and it also has simple and shallow structure. That means simple spatial structure can be lead contact customer to stuffs. These results mean spatial structure have a effect on design of sales space.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.53-63
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• 1995

Changes in transport are reflected in the accessibility of a place, which is denoted as the inherent advantageous characteristics of a place with respect to overcoming spatial friction, and affect the land use ultimately. A composite accessibility measurement scheme is developed and applied to the subway network in Seoul, which has been constructed in 1972. Changes in the transport network are reflected in the spatial structure of accessibility and affect ultimately the land use pattern. Therefore, it is of relevance to examine the changes in the spatial structure of accessibility, which allows to forecast the direction of changes in the land use pattern.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2007.10a
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• pp.274-277
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• 2007

This study is to estimate the spatial distribution of soil loss using the land use data produced from QuickBird satellite imagery. For a small agricultural watershed (1.16 $km^2$) located in the upstream of Gyeongan-cheon watershed, a precise agricultural land use map were prepared using QuickBird satellite image of April 5 of 2003. RUSLE (Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation) was adopted for soil loss estimation. The data (DEM, soil and land use) for the RUSLE were prepared for 5 m and 30 m spatial resolution. The results were compared with each other and the result of 30 m Landsat land use data.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.6 no.8
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• pp.105-113
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• 2006

For reasonable planning and decisions, spatial Planners should gather and analyse land use information which includes lots, zoning, population, households, buildings, usage, and etc. This study aims to define the demands of land use information for spatial planning. From literature reviews, case studies, and survey, this study shows those findings as following. First most spatial planners suffer from the difficulty of gathering land use information. Second, the priority order of the information could be shown by survey. Third, the unit and renewal period of the spatial information could be defined. Those findings could be a base of information systems for spatial planning.

• School Mathematics
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.353-373
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to provide instructional suggestions by investigating the spatial sense and spatial reasoning ability of 6th grade students. The questionnaire consisted of 20 questions, 10 for spatial visualization and 10 for spatial orientation. The number of subjects for the survey was 145. The processes through which the students solved the problems were the basis for the assessment of their spatial reasoning. The result of the survey is as follows: First, students performed better in spatial visualization than in spatial orientation. With regard to spatial visualization, they were better in transformation than in rotation. With regard to spatial orientation, students performed better in orientation sense and structure cognitive ability than in situational sense. Second, the students that weren't excellent in spatial visualization tended to answer the familiar figures without using mental images. The students who lacked spatial orientation experienced difficulties finding figures observed from the sides. Third, students had high frequency rate on the cognition and use of transformation, the development and application of visualization methods and the use of analysis and synthesis. However they had a lower rate on a systematic approach and deductive reasoning. Further detailed investigation into how students use spatial reasoning, and apply it to actual teaching practice as a device for advancing their geometric thinking is necessary.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2011

Recent advances in Geographic Information Systems and spatial statistical and analytical methods, along with the availability of spatially referenced health and environmental data, have created unique opportunities to investigate spatial associations between environment exposures and health outcomes at multiple spatial scales and resolutions. However, the increased use of spatial data also faces challenges, one of which is to ensure certainty and accuracy of locational data that meets the needs of a study. This article critically reviews the use of spatially referenced data in epidemiologic studies, focusing on the issue of locational uncertainty generated from the process of geocoding health and environmental data. Primarily, major issues involving the use of spatially referenced data are addressed, including completeness and positional accuracy, potential source of bias and exposure misclassification, and implications for epidemiologic studies. The need for critical assessment and caution in designing and conducting spatial epidemiology studies is briefly discussed.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.387-396
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• 2013

Background: The purpose of this study was to analyze the association between areas of Korea Train Express (KTX) region and external medical service use in Korean society using spatial statistical model. Methods: The data which was used in this study was extracted from 2011 regional health care utilization statistics and health insurance key statistics from National Health Insurance Corporation. A total spatial units of 229 districts (si-gun-gu) were included in this study and spatial area was all parts of the country excepted Jeju, Ulleungdo island. We conducted Kruskal-Wallis test, correlation, Moran's I and hot-spot analysis. And after, ordinary linear regression, spatial lag, spatial error analysis was performed in order to find factors which were associated with external medical service use. The data was processed by SAS ver. 9.1 and Geoda095i (windows). Results: Moran's I of health insurance patients' external medical service use was 0.644. Also, population density, Seoul region, doctor factors positively associated with health insurance patients' external medical service. In contrast, average age, health care organization per 100 thousand were negatively associated with health insurance patients' external medical service use. Conclusion: The finding of this study suggested that health insurance patient's external medical service use correlated for seoul region in korea. The study results imply the need for more attention medical needs in the region (si-gun-gu unit) for health insurance patients of seoul region. It is important to adapt strategy to activation of primary health care as well as enhancing public health institution for prevent leakage of patients to other areas.

• Environmental Sciences Bulletin of The Korean Environmental Sciences Society
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.151-158
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• 1999

Biogenic source emissions refer to naturally occuring emissions from vegetation, microbial activities in soil, lightening, and so on. Vegetation is especially known to emit a considerable amout of volatile organic compounds into the atmosphere. Therefore, biogenic source emissions are an important input to photochemical air quality models. since most biogenic source emissions are calculated at the county-level, they should be geographically allocated to the computational grid cells of a photochemical air quality model prior to running the model. The traditional method for the spatial allocation for biogenic source emissions has been to use a "spatial surrogate indicator" such as a county area. In order to examine the applicability of such approximations, this study developed more detailed surrogate indicators to improve the spatial allocation method for biogenic source emissions. Due to the spatially variable nature of biogenic source emissions, Geographic Information Systems(GIS) were introduced as new tools to develop more detailed spatial surrogate indicators. Use of these newly developed spatial surrogate indicators for biogenic source emission allocation provides a better resolution than the standard spatial surrogate indicator.indicator.