• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
• /
• v.16 no.3 s.62
• /
• pp.38-45
• /
• 2007

In the architectural space of modem age, expanding to the vertical and horizontal direction for the interaction between space and space is becoming an indispensable factor, and in this expansion, ramps are being positioned as one of the important factors. With an increased use of ramps, they show a variety of changes in types, functions and even concepts. The space where modem ramps are used exhibits a phenomenon that accommodates and expands many functions as well as the confined function of moving people, and is widening the scope of recognition on the functions of ramp. In addition, this phenomenon can be seen as an architectural reflection on the complexation trend of the modem society, the components comprising a ramp contact the body of experiencers closely and thus have a direct effect on their behavior or feeling, and owing to this, it is a space where new functions and meaning are highly likely to be derived. In this study, spaces where ramps are used stay away from an element of uniform vertical movement but have an independent environment within the entire space, thereby being used as a space dominating the nature of the building, not a subsidiary element of it. In this study, therefore, it could be known that spaces in which ramps are used are different in their meaning according to the patterns, not as an element of uniform vertical movement. In addition, these conclusions are the results by analyzing the patterns of ramps taking place in modem spaces and are thought to be helpful in understanding spaces where ramps are used.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
• /
• v.40 no.3 s.108
• /
• pp.335-352
• /
• 2005

The question of whether fan type surface developed at the foot of mountains is pediment or alluvial fan has been discussed consistently through the Korean geomorphic history. Unfortunately the term, 'alluvial fan' was scarcely used, also even the existence of alluvial fan has been denied throughly for a long time in Korea. The negation of alluvial fan brought some difficulties in the development of the related Geomorphology. In order to resolve such a problem, more logical and exquisite theory by examination of geomorphic process must be systematically presented on the basis of overall problem recognition. The objective of this study is to represent the theoretical indicator based on the investigation of the points at issue that the existence of alluvial fan in Korea was denied. Moreover, we selected 13 alluvial fans in southern part of Korean Peninsula to compare with the worldwide alluvial fans according to theoretical indicator, and analysed their geomorphic distributional characteristics.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.99-109
• /
• 2010

The purpose of this study is to provide basic data needed for planning apartment community spaces in order to vitalize rental apartments. Indoor community spaces of 12 rental apartments in Seoul and Kyunggi were examined. The results are as follows. First, the layout types of indoor community spaces in rental apartment complexes were found out to be mostly the building type planned in the piloties of the apartment, or the singular type placed in a singular building. Depending on the layout type, the spaces were mostly concentrated at the outskirt of the complex or the in-between space of the main building, thus lowering their recognition. Thereby, they were not satisfactory for utilization of the spaces and association of residents. Second, Indoor community space legal establishment standard and square measure did not reflect resident's feature except elderly spaces, and there was problem in activation of space. Third, as for the spatial planning of indoor community space, although each space was categorized by the users' age, the furniture and appliance planning considering users was not satisfactory. The area calculation by the type of space did not reflect the users' characteristics, thus causing problems in using the facilities. Fourth, as for the management and programs of the indoor community space, spaces were managed after categorized by the major user classes such as children, seniors, and adolescents. Depending on eagerness of program managers of each apartment complex, the level of program management varied. The survey results showed that, in most cases, almost no programs were used or merely basic management and programs were being provided.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.130-139
• /
• 2008

We have attached importance to the values of spirit and immateriality. As the age of modernism of rationality ended, human being began to emphasize spiritual and immaterial while accepting multiplicity and diversification in the whole areas of society and culture. Hence interests have increased in another side of human spirit that was oppressed by rational, analytic, reasonable and scientific thinking, which has expanded the inner world of human being to the world of the unconscious. According to these paradigm changes, steady efforts to improve our lives better both materially and spiritually have been made in the areas of art and design. Therefore, the current study aims to examine the meaning of object expressed in space from the viewpoint of the unconscious, focusing on works of designer Philippe Starck after 2000 in which unique, preferential and liking characteristics are expressed well. Philippe Starck is a designer who connects design with our daily lives and formalizes it with creative ideas. Also the study theoretically explored the theory of the unconscious, a concept of Freudianism, based on 'Meaning of Dreams' of Freud, and explained the expressional characteristics and meaning of unconscious desire through his works by putting object in Philippe Starck's space. It aims to grope for the meaning of object as another possibility that can function as a spatial ruling element by analyzing object through expanding the extent of correlation and interpretation between human containing spiritual things and object which is the recognition subject in space of the present time, not a mere concept as substance like in the past, and expression of Starck's unconscious desire based on unconscious theory.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.163-170
• /
• 2006

Backgrounds: MEG can measure the task-specific neurophysiologic activity with good spatial and time resolution. Language lateralization using noninvasive method has been a subject of interest in resective brain surgery. We purposed to develop a paradigm for language lateralization using MEG and validate its feasibility. Methods: Magnetic fields were obtained in 12 neurosurgical candidates and one volunteer for language tasks, with a 306 channel whole head MEG. Language tasks were word listening, reading and picture naming. We tested two word listening paradigms: semantic decision of meaning of abstract nouns, and recognition of repeated words. The subjects were instructed to silently name or read, and respond with pushing button or not. We decided language dominance according to the number of acceptable equivalent current dipoles (ECD) modeled by sequential single dipole, and the mean magnetic field strength by root mean square value, in each hemisphere. We collected clinical data including Wada test. Results: Magnetic fields evoked by word listening were generally distributed in bilateral temporoparietal areas with variable hemispheric dominance. Language tasks using visual stimuli frequently evoked magnetic field in posterior midline area, which made laterality decision difficult. Response during task resulted in more artifacts and different results depending on responding hand. Laterality decision with mean magnetic field strength was more concordant with Wada than the method with ECD number of each hemisphere. Conclusions: Word listening task without hand response is the most feasible paradigm for language lateralization using MEG. Mean magnetic field strength in each hemisphere is a proper index for hemispheric dominance.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
• /
• v.17 no.12
• /
• pp.83-93
• /
• 2012

This paper proposes an image segmentation framework that modifies the objective function of Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) to improve the performance and computational efficiency of the conventional FCM-based image segmentation. The proposed image segmentation framework includes a locally weighted fuzzy c-means (LWFCM) algorithm that takes into account the influence of neighboring pixels on the center pixel by assigning weights to the neighbors. Distance between a center pixel and a neighboring pixels are calculated within a window and these are basis for determining weights to indicate the importance of the memberships as well as to improve the clustering performance. We analyzed the segmentation performance of the proposed method by utilizing four eminent cluster validity functions such as partition coefficient ($V_{pc}$), partition entropy ($V_{pe}$), Xie-Bdni function ($V_{xb}$) and Fukuyama-Sugeno function ($V_{fs}$). Experimental results show that the proposed LWFCM outperforms other FCM algorithms (FCM, modified FCM, and spatial FCM, FCM with locally weighted information, fast generation FCM) in the cluster validity functions as well as both compactness and separation.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.57-62
• /
• 2004

We have proposed an efficient method of word separation in a handwritten legal amount on bank check based on the spatial gaps between the connected components. The previous gap measures all suffer from the inherent problem of underestimation or overestimation that causes a deterioration in separation performance. In order to alleviate such burden, we have developed a modified version of each distance measure. Also, 4 class clustering based method of integrating three different types of distance measures has been proposed to compensate effectively the errors in each measure, whereby further improvement in performance of word separation is expected. Through a series of word separation experiments, we found that the modified distance measures show a better performance with over 2 - 3% of the word separation rate than their corresponding original distance measures. In addition, the proposed combining method based on 4-class clustering achieved further improvement by effectively reducing the errors common to two of three distance measures as well as the individual errors.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.11-18
• /
• 2012

Carlos Jimenez's 'House and Studio' was self-designed to fully function as both a home and workplace. Since its establishment in 1983, the installation has been continuously updated for almost 30 years solely under the guidance of the owner's life occurrences and routine needs. The additions and alterations succeeding the building's erection were executed to incorporate small yet symbolic fragments of the resident's memories and life episodes. The particularity of the 'House and Studio' can be compared with other residential remodeling and expansion projects in regards to certain key aspects. These means of comparison include, but are not limited to, building strictly under the direction of a master plan of development vs. allowing natural adaptations that comply with the resident's needs, rapid development vs. gradual advancement, the ornamenting by exposing showy features vs. the enhancing by addition of modest natural components, sustainability vs. sustenance, systematic room divisions vs. ambiguous spatial organization, possession as a materialized asset vs. preservation as a recollection of memories, and finally the recognition as one example of signature architecture vs. the witnessing of a maturing animated shelter. The given propositions can be further explained with the comprehension of Erich Fromm's theory of the 'Having' mode and 'Being' mode, two mechanisms that categorize the essence of human life. The 'Having' mode is described by the human greed for wealth, power, and influence, whereas the 'Being' mode is comprised of compassion, joy, and productivity. Fromm's thesis applies to the general sense of human life, but the ideas can be narrowed to accommodate the architectural standpoint. In architecture, the 'Having' mode can be translated to be the conspicuous form-oriented and self-contained object. The 'Being' mode, on the other hand, is transposed as the more natural form, incorporating the needs of the owner before commercialization. The growth of Jimenez's 'House and Studio' can be perceived as an architectural suggestion to the overcoming of human indifference caused by fixation on the 'Having' mode.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
• /
• v.10B no.3
• /
• pp.311-320
• /
• 2003

The Optimal filter yielding optimal texture feature separation is a most effective technique for extracting the texture objects from multiple textures images. But, most optimal filter design approaches are restricted to the issue of supervised problems. No full-unsupervised method is based on the recognition of texture objects in image. We propose a novel approach that uses unsupervised learning schemes for efficient texture image analysis, and the band-pass feature of Gabor-filter is used for the optimal filter design. In our approach, the self-organizing neural network for multiple texture image identification is based on block-based clustering. The optimal frequency of Gabor-filter is turned to the optimal frequency of the distinct texture in frequency domain by analyzing the spatial frequency. In order to show the performance of the designed filters, after we have attempted to build a various texture images. The texture objects extraction is achieved by using the designed Gabor-filter. Our experimental results show that the performance of the system is very successful.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.71-76
• /
• 2016

Digital image processing is being utilized in various fields including medical industry, satellite photos, and factory automation image recognition. However, this kind of image data produces heat by an external cause in the course of being processed, transmitted, and stored. Most typical noises added in the images are AWGN and salt and pepper. MF, CWMF, and AWMF are methods used to restore images damaged by AWGN and the existing methods are likely to damage detailed information such as an edge. Therefore, this paper suggests an algorithm applying weight of average filter, average filter depending on pixel, and spatial weight filter based on edge size of local mask in an AWGN environment, in a different way. Also, this paper compares functions of existing methods by using PSNR to prove excellence of the suggested algorithm.