• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.9-19
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• 2009

This study presents the effects of temporally varied groundwater table on hydrological components such as surface runoff, evapotranspiration, and soil water content. To this end, the SWAT-MODFLOW model in which the groundwater module of SWAT is replaced with MODFLOW model has been used with a modification to enhance the coupling between the water content in soil profile and the groundwater in shallow aquifer. The variable soil layer construction technique (VSLT) is developed in the present work to represent the direct interaction of soil water and groundwater more realistically, and then the VSLT is incorporated into SWAT-MODFLOW model. In VSLT, when the simulated groundwater table rises within the soil zone, the soil layers below the water table is regarded as a portion of the shallow aquifer, so that those layers are excluded from the initially defined soil zone and are governed by the MODFLOW. From the simulation tests for the Musim river basin, the improved SWAT-MODFLOW model with VSLT is found to correctly evaluate the spatial distributions of overland flow, soil moisture, evapotranspiration according to the groundwater table variation.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.636-650
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• 2020

A modeling system that can consider the overall water environment and be used to integrate hydrology, water quality, and aquatic ecosystem on a watershed scale is essential to support decision-making in integrated water resources management (IWRM). In adapting imported models for evaluating the unique water environment in Korea, a platform perspective is becoming increasingly important. In this study, a modeling platform is defined as an ecosystem that continuously grows and provides sustainable values through voluntary participation- and interaction-of all stakeholders- not only experts related to model development, but also model users and decision-makers. We assessed the conceptual values provided by the IWRM modeling platform in terms of openness, transparency, scalability, and sustainability. I We also reviewed the technical aspects of functional and spatial integrations in terms of socio-economic factors and user-centered multi-scale climate-forecast information. Based on those conceptual and technical aspects, we evaluated potential modeling platforms such as Source, FREEWAT, Object Modeling System (OMS), OpenMI, Community Surface-Dynamics Modeling System (CSDMS), and HydroShare. Among them, CSDMS most closely approached the values suggested in model development and offered a basic standard for easy integration of existing models using different program languages. HydroShare showed potential for sharing modeling results with the transparency expected by model user-s. Therefore, we believe that can be used as a reference in development of a modeling platform appropriate for managing the unique integrated water environment in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Computer Game
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.197-203
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• 2018

As people's interest in Virtual Reality has recently increased, peripherals have also made many progress. There is a lot of research being done from VR environment to VR configuration through scanning at room level with various interface devices that can interact with objects in the environment. According to current VR research Home VR uses multiple haptic interfaces to interact with objects configured in the VR environment, the method uses room scanning to some extent is beyond the spatial constraints and may use tracking equipment to interact with real objects. And advances in 3D printers have enabled the distribution of commercial 3D printers and home 3D printers, and made it easy for 3D printers to create models of their choice at home or at home. Considering the above two factors, We think it is necessary to study the difference between a model's object that people feel when interacting directly with an easy-to-create model in a VR environment. Therefore, in this paper, we are going to implement objects produced by 3D printers in VR space and study the differences between using real objects and other general interaction equipment through user testing with those that are actually implemented.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.309-312
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• 2008

The advent of high resolution products of surface wind and temperature derived by satellite data has permitted us to investigate ocean and atmosphere interaction studies in detail. Especially the Kuroshio extension region of the western North Pacific is considered to be a key area for such studies. We have constructed gridded products of surface wind/wind stress over the world ocean using satellite scatterometer (Qscat/SeaWinds), available as the Japanese Ocean Flux data sets with Use of Remote sensing Observation (J-OFURO). Using new data based on improved algorithm which have been recently delivered, we are reconstructing gridded product with higher spatial resolution. Intercomparison of this product with the previous one reveals that there are some discrepancies between them in short-period and high wind-speed ranges especially in the westerly wind region. The products are validated by not only comparisons with in-situ measurement data by mooring buoys such as TAO/TRITON in the tropical Pacific and the Kuroshio Extension Observation (KEO) buoys, but also intercomparison with numerical weather prediction model (NWPM) products (the NRA-1 and 2). Our products have much smaller mean difference in the study areas than the NWPM ones, meaning higher reliability compared with the NWPM products. Using the high resolution products together with sea surface temperature (SST) data, we examine a new type of relationship between the lower atmosphere and upper ocean in the Kuroshio Extension region. It is suggested that the spatial relation between the wind speed and SST depends upon, more or less, the surrounding oceanic condition.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2010.02a
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• pp.13-13
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• 2010

Switching an elementary excitation by injecting a single carrier would offer the exciting opportunity for the ultra-high data storage technologies. However, there has been no methodology available to investigate the interaction of low energy discrete carriers with nano-structures. In order to map out the spatial dependency of such single carrier level interactions, we developed a pulse-and-probe algorithm, combining with low temperature scanning tunneling microscopy. The new tool, which we call single carrier spectroscopy, allows us to track the interaction with the target macrostructure with tunneling carriers on a single carrier basis. Using this tool, we demonstrate that it is possible not only to locally write and erase individual bi-solitons, reliably and reversibly, but also to track of creation yields of single and multiple bi-solitons. Bi-solitons are pairs of solitons that are elementary out-of-phase excitations on anti-ferromagnetically ordered pseudo-spin system of Si dimers on Si(001)-c(42) surfaces. We found that at low energy tunneling the single bisoliton creation mechanism is not correlated with the number of carriers tunneling, but with the production of a potential hole under the tip. An electric field at the surface determines the density of the local charge density under the tip, and band-bending. However a rapid, dynamic change of a field produces a potential hole that can be filled by energetic carriers, and the amount of energy released during filling process is responsible for the creation of bi-solitons. Our model based on the field-induced local hole gives excellent explanation for bi-soliton yield behaviors. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy data supports the existence of such a potential hole. The mechanism also explains the site-dependency of bi-soliton yields, which is highest at the trough, not on the dimer rows. Our study demonstrates that we can manipulate not just single atoms and molecules, but also single pseudo-spin excitations as well.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.82 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 2022

This work elaborately investigates the influences of the guideway geometry parameters and track irregularity on the dynamic performances of the suspended monorail vehicle-guideway system (SMVGS). Firstly, a spatial dynamic analysis model of the SMVGS is established by adopting ANSYS parameter design language. Then, the dynamic interaction between a vehicle with maximum design load and guideway is investigated by numerical simulation and field tests, revealing the vehicle-guideway dynamic features. Subsequently, the influences of the guideway geometry parameters and track irregularity on the dynamic performances of the SMVGS are analyzed and discussed in detail, and the reasonable ranges of several key geometry parameters of the guideway are also obtained. Results show that the vehicle-guideway dynamic responses change nonlinearly with an increase of the guideway span, and especially the guideway dynamic performances can be effectively improved by reducing the guideway span; based on a comprehensive consideration of all performance indices of the SMVGS, the deflection-span ratio of the suspended monorail guideway is finally recommended to be 1/1054~1/868. The train load could cause a large bending deformation of the pier, which would intensify the car-body lateral displacement and decrease the vehicle riding comfort; to well limit the bending deformation of the pier, its cross-section dimension is suggested to be more than 0.8 m×0.8 m. The addition of the track irregularity amplitude has small influences on the displacements and stress of the guideway; however, it would significantly increase the vehicle-guideway vibrations and rate of load reduction of the driving tyre.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.136-145
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• 2013

Objectives: Recently, Korean medicine has been explored by employing mathematical methods, which is an effort to raise Korean medicine to a higher level of scientific research. In that vein, we propose a mathematical model, analyzing the effects of seasonal cycle as an external factor in addition to the internal interactions of five-states, the engendering and the restraining. Methods: Some modified differential equations with 5-state variables were given to describe the interactions of the engendering and the restraining, and effect of seasonal cycle, and are numerically analyzed by Runge-Kutta method. We then simulated it along with time and dynamically analyzed it by Moran's I, a spatial autocorrelation. Results: We showed the effects of seasonal cycle on yin-yang five-states and applied it to the human life cycle. Conclusions: Our result is comparable to previous results in the respect that we consider the seasonal cycle and its effect on five-states, unlike others' mainly focusing on internal interaction. Furthermore, we suggest some follow-up study taking into consideration the complexity and diversity of external factors.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.581-589
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• 2019

In order to understand the characteristics of beach deformation, in this study, numerical simulations were conducted using a 3-D hydro-morphodynamic model (HYMO-WASS-3D) to analyze the characteristics of beach deformation due to the coastal groundwater levels. HYMO-WASS-3D directly analyzed the nonlinear interaction between the hydrodynamic and morphodynamic processes in the coastal area. The simulation results of HYMO-WASS-3D showed good agreement with the experimental results on the changes in the profile of the beach in the surf and swash zones. Then, numerical simulations were conducted to examine the characteristics of beach deformation due to the variation of the level of the coastal groundwater. As a result, the beach profiles were examined in relation to the wave breaking in the surf zone and the wave uprush and backwash in the swash zone due to the differences in the water levels. This paper also discussed the temporal and spatial distributions of the velocities, vorticities, and suspended sediments in the surf and swash zones with various levels of the coastal groundwater.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.497-507
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• 2020

This paper presents the results of a three-dimensional numerical investigation into the effect of new tunnel construction on structural performance of existing tunnel lining. A three-dimensional finite difference model, capable of modelling the tunnel construction process, was adopted to perform a parametric study on the spatial variation of new tunnel location with respect to the existing tunnel with emphasis on the plan crossing angle of the new tunnel with respect to the existing tunnel and the vertical elevation of the new tunnel with respect to the existing one. The results of the analyses were arranged so that the effect of new tunnel construction on the lining member forces and stresses of the existing tunnel can be identified. The results indicate that when a new tunnel underpasses an existing tunnel, the new tunnel construction imposes greater impact on the existing tunnel lining when the two tunnels cross at an acute angle. Also shown are that the critical plan crossing angle of the new tunnel that would impose greater impact on the existing tunnel depends on the relative vertical location of the new tunnel with respect to the existing one, and that the overpassing new tunnel construction scenario is more critical than the underpassing scenario in view of the existing tunnel lining stability. Practical implications of the findings are discussed.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2007.10a
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• pp.33-36
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• 2007

We have persistently constructed gridded products of surface wind/wind stress over the world ocean using satellite scatterometer (ERS and Qscat). They are available for users as the Japanese Ocean Flux data sets with Use of Remote sensing Observation (J-OFURO) data together with heat flux components. Recently, a new version data of the Qscat/SeaWinds based on improved algorithm for rain flag and high wind-speed range have been delivered, and allowed us to reconstruct gridded product with higher spatial resolution. These products are validated by comparisons with in-situ measurement data by mooring buoys such as TAO/TRITON, NDBC and the Kuroshio Extension Observation (KEO) buoys, together with numerical weather prediction model products such as the NCEP-1 and 2. Results reveal that the new product has almost the same magnitude in mean difference as the previous version of Qscat product and much smaller than the NCEP-1 and 2. On the other hand, it is slightly larger root-mean-square (RMS) difference than the previous one and NCEPs for the comparison using the KEO buoy data. This may be due to the deficit of high wind speed data in the buoy measurement. The high resolution product, together with sea surface temperature (SST) one, is used to examine a new type of relationship between the lower atmosphere and upper ocean in the Kuroshio Extension region.