• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.512-517
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• 2011

얼굴영상에서 나타나는 정서특징을 분석하기 위하여 본 논문에서는 Active Shape Model (ASM)과 Lucas-Kanade (LK) optical flow 기법을 기반으로 하는 특징검출 및 분석방법을 제안한다. Facial Action Coding System에 근거하여 묘사된 정서적 특징을 고려하여, 특징이 분포하는 영역에 위치한 다수의 landmark로 shape 모델을 구성하고 모델에서 각 Landmark를 중심으로 하는 움직임 벡터 윈도우 내부의 픽셀에 대한 LK 기법을 통해 optical flow 벡터를 추출한다. 추출된 움직임 벡터의 방향성 조합에 근거하여 얼굴정서특징을 shape 모델로 표현할 수 있으며, 베이지안 분류기라는 확률 기반 추론기법을 기반으로 정서적 상태에 대한 추정할 수 있다. 또한, 정서특징분석과정의 연산 효율성과 정확성 향상을 도모하기 위하여 common spatial pattern (CSP) 분석기법을 적용하여 정서상태 별로 상관성이 높은 특징만으로 구성된 최적정서특징을 추출한다.

• 대한지리학회지
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.268-281
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• 2012

인구이동통계는 사회현상에 대한 공간적 이해와 공간과정의 사회적 영향 파악에 유용한 정보를 제공해줌에도 불구하고 데이터 구조의 복잡성 때문에 자료 서비스와 분석이 제한되어 왔다. 한편 인구이동통계를 탐색하고 시각화하는 효과적인 방법인 유선도 작성(flow mapping)은 아직 상용 GIS 소프트웨어서 완전히 구현되지 못하고 있다. 이에 본 연구의 목적은 Web GIS를 통한 유선도 제작과 이를 이용한 인구이동통계에 대한 탐색적 공간 분석이 가능함으로 보여주는 것이다. 데이터베이스, GIS, 지도학적 관점에서 인구이동통계의 특성을 고찰하였고, 이를 바탕으로 O-D 구조의 인구이동통계를 유선도 제작에 적합한 공간데이터로 변환하였다. 인구이동통계에 적합하도록 Web GIS의 사용자 인터페이스를 전문화하였고, 지도화의 시간, 공간 및 속성 범위의 설정을 통한 탐색적 시각화가 가능하도록 구성하였다.

• 한국공간구조학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.20-27
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• 2007

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.326-334
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• 1986

The effects of flow interaction between adjacent sprays in twin-spray system on the spatial distribution of injected liquid (water) and drop size distribution in condensable (steam) environment were carefully observed through experiments. The spatial distribution of injected liquid in twin-spray system appears to be more uniform than the simple superposition of the spatial distributions of liquid obtained from each individual spray. Drop size distribution was obtained by using the immersion sampling technique. It was found that, in the twin-spray, the larger numbers of small drops are collected throughout the spraying region due to the increase of entrainment velocity of ambient steam compared with the case of simple superposition of each individual spray. Moreover, in the overlapped portion of the twin-spray, the drop size distribution was changed also due to the collision between large drops. As a result, the behavior of twin-spray system (and eventually multiple-spray system) can not be predicted precisely by simple superposition of the behaviors of each constituting spray. Hence, for the design of multiple spray system, the effect of flow interaction between sprays should be taken into account seriously.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2000년도 추계학술대회논문집B
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• pp.585-590
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• 2000

The hydrodynamic instability of the three-dimensional boundary layer on a rotating disk introduces a periodic modulation of the mean flow in the form of stationary cross flow vortices. Detailed numerical values of the growth rates, neutral curves and other characteristics of the two instabilities have been calculated over a wide range of parameters. Presented are the neutral stability results concerning the two instability modes by solving new linear stability equations reformulated not only by considering whole convective terms but by correcting some errors in the previous stability equations. The present stability results are agree with the previously known ones within reasonable limit. The flow is found to be always stable for a disturbance whose dimensionless wave number at Re=1200 is greater than 0.75. Also, the spatial amplification contours have been calculated for the moving disturbance wave, whose azimuth angle is between ${\varepsilon}=15^{\circ}$ and $12.5^{\circ}$.

• 한국지리정보학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.220-235
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• 2020

도시에서의 폭염발생은 기본적으로 지구온난화에 영향을 받으나, 도시에서 발생하는 인공열 배출과 열축적이 큰 토지피복의 영향으로 더욱 가중된다. 특히 도시폭염의 영향은 야간 열대야 발생에도 직접적 영향을 준다. 그러나 기본적으로 주간의 폭염대응에 비해 열대야 대응수단 선택은 매우 제한적이다. 본 연구에서는 대구시를 대상으로 열대야 대응 방안으로 야간 찬공기 유동 특성을 분석하고 이의 공간적 활용가능성을 제시하고자 하였다. 연구방법은 찬공기 유동 분석 프로그램인 KLAM_21을 활용하여 대구시의 찬공기 유동의 공간적 특성인 찬공기 높이 및 유동범위와 유속 및 유동방향을 정량적으로 분석하였다. 분석결과 대구시 주변산지에서의 찬공기 생성, 유동은 매우 활발하나 열대야 발생지역인 도심지역으로 유입이 제한적인 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 일부 시가지에서는 주변산지로부터 유입되는 찬공기 유동성이 매우 활발하여 열대야 대응에 매우 효과적인 공간적 조건을 가지고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 공간적 조건을 도시계획적 차원에서 활용하면 열대야 대응방안 개발에 매우 유용할 것으로 판단된다.

• Water Engineering Research
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.39-48
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• 2005

The Brazos River is one of the longest rivers contained entirely in the state of Texas, flowing over 700 miles from northwest Texas to the Gulf of Mexico. Today, the Brazos River Authority and Texas Commission on Environmental Quality interest in drought protection plan, waterpower project, and allowing the appropriation of water system-wide and water right within the Brazos River Basin to meet water needs of customers like farmers and local civilians in the future. Especially, this purpose of this paper primarily intended to provide the data for the engineering guidelines and make easily geological mapping tool. In the Brazos River basin, many stream-flow gage station sites are not working, and they can not provide stream-flow data sets enough for development of the Probable Maximum Flood (PMF) for use in the evaluation of proposed and existing dams and other impounding structures. Integrated GIS-Spatial Interpolation (GIS-SI) tool are composed of two parts; (1) extended GIS technique (new making interface for hydrological regionalization parameters plus classical GIS mapping skills), (2) Spatial Interpolation technique using weighting factors from kriging method. They are obtained from the relationship among location and elevation of geological watershed and existing stream-flow datasets. GIS-SI technique is easily used to compute parameters which get drainage areas, mean daily/monthly/annual precipitation, and weighted values. Also, they are independent variables of multiple linear regressions for simulation at un gaged stream-flow sites. In this study, GIS-SI technique is applied to the Brazos river basin in Texas. By assuming the ungaged flow at the sites of Palo Pinto, Bryan and Needville, the simulated daily/monthly/annual time series are compared with observed time series. The simulated daily/monthly/annual time series are highly correlated with and well fitted to the observed times series.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.555-571
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• 2016

A hanging-type sand-retaining wall is a very common sand-blocking fence structure used to prevent sand movement. This type of wall is widely used along the Qinghai-Tibet and Gobi desert railways in Xinjiang, Western China. To analyze the characteristics of wind-sand flow fields under the effect of such a sand fence structure, a wind tunnel test and a field test were carried out. The wind tunnel test showed the zoning characteristics of the flow fields under the effect of the hanging-type sand-retaining wall, and the field test provided the sediment transport data for effective wind-proof interval and the sand resistance data in the front and behind the sand-retaining wall. The consistency of the wind-sand flow fields with the spatial distribution characteristic of wind-carried sand motion was verified by the correspondences of the acceleration zone in the flow field and the negative elevation points of the percentage variations of the sand collection rate. The spatial distribution characteristic of the field sand collection data further showed the spatial structural characteristic of the sandy air currents under the action of the hanging-type sand-retaining wall and the sand resistance characteristic of the sand-retaining wall. This systematic study on the wind-sand flow fields under the control of the hanging-type sand-retaining wall provides a theoretical basis for the rational layout of sand control engineering systems and the efficient utilization of a hanging-type sand-retaining wall.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.64-69
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• 2008

The spatial fuel distribution of the stratified charge of a high pressure 6-hole injector was examined in a single cylinder optical direct injection spark ignition(DISI) engine. The effects of in-cylinder charge motion, and fuel injection pressure, and coolant temperature were investigated using a planar LIF(Laser Induced Fluorescence) technique. It was confirmed that the in-cylinder tumble flow played more effective role in the spatial fuel distribution of the stratified charge than the swirl flow during the compression stroke and the fuel distribution area increased due to the activation of the fuel vaporization by the increase of the coolant temperature. But, the increase of the fuel supplying pressure could not change the pattern of the fuel vapor distribution against the expectation.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제33권S1호
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• pp.20-27
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• 2000

The grid-based KIneMatic wave STOrm Runoff Model(Kim, 1998; Kim, et al., 1998) which predicts temporal variation and spatial distribution of saturated overland flow, subsurface flow and stream flow was evaluated at two watersheds. this model adopts the single overland flowpath algorithm and simulates surface and/or subsurface water depth at each cell by using water balance of hydrologic components. the model programmed by C-language uses ASCII-formatted map data supported by the irregular gridded map of the GRASS (Geographic Resources Analysis Support System) GIS and generates the spatial distribution maps of discharge, flow depth and soil moisture of the watershed.