• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.351-362
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• 2002

In this paper, we introduce a new approach to the minimum energy routing (MER) for next generation (NG) multihop wireless networks. We remove the widely used assumption of deterministic, distance-based channel model is removed, and analyze the potentials of MER within the context of the realistic channel model, accounting for shadowing and fading. Rather than adopting the conventional unrealistic assumption of perfect power control in a distributed multihop environment, we propose to exploit inherent spatial diversity of mobile terminals (MT) in NG multihop networks and to combat fading using transmit diversity. We propose the cooperation among MTs, whereby couples of MTs cooperate with each other in order to transmit the signal using two MTs as two transmit antennas. We provide the analytical framework for the performance analysis of this scheme in terms of the feasibility and achievable transmit power reduction. Our simulation result indicate that significant gains can be achieved in terms of the reduction of total transmit power and extension of network lifetime. These gains are in the range of 20-100% for the total transmit power, and 25-90% for the network lifetime, depending on the desired error probability. We show that our analytical results provide excellent match with our simulation results. The messaging load generated by our scheme is moderate, and can be further optimized. Our approach opens the way to a new family of channel-aware routing schemes for multihopNG wireless networks in fading channels. It is particularly suitable for delivering multicast/ geocast services in these networks.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제44권8호
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• pp.181-198
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to understand modernization process of korean housing during the past one century. To following up the changes of everyday lives of common peoples, magazines, news papers, tourist's records and gossip items were collected and interpreted from the microscopic point of view. In this study arguments on 'modernity' of korean housing was focused on some issues, thus, separation, differentiation, individualization, as well as privatization. Concrete discourses are; firstly, spatial isolation of housing and urban place each other, secondly, functional division of inner spaces of housing, and lastly, guarantee of privacy sphere. Historical changes of housing showed some meaningful phenomena. Before modernization housing was place of reproduction and consume at the same time. However after modern urban space came into existence and work and rest were separated, housing gained only mono function. Thus, housing have only one meaning as private place for nuclear family, that is "Home, Sweet Home." Instead of past multi-functional rooms, functional prescribed rooms, for example, dinning room, were newly born. In the past, the boundary between public and private sphere was not clear. For examples, everyday experiences of family were extended to the street and in the house in most cases spaces were shared. But after modernization the scale of individual spaces become larger and private life can be secured. Consequently, history of everyday life from traditional agricultural society to industrialized modern society demonstrates the structural context between the micro and macro dimension in the fields of human life. In other words, everyday lives and macro history response each other and create new perception of time-space structure in the modern housing.

• 한국지역지리학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.396-411
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• 2002

본 논문은 경제 환경변화의 맥락에서 발생하는 조직 변화와 학습과정 및 이러한 조직적 프로세스에 내포된 공간성에 대한 고찰이다. 이러한 문제제기는 급격한 경계변화에 직면한 한국의 대기업 조직에서 나타나는 기업학습과 조직변화의 맥락적 특수성에 기초한 경험연구에 기초하여 논의한다. 삼성전자에 대한 사례연구를 통해, 본 논문에서는 다음의 세가지 이론적 논점을 밝힌다. 첫째, 학습의 지리적 원천들은 기업조직의 공간 활용에 영향을 미친다. 둘째,그러나 기업 학습 관행들은 단순히 국지적 근원이나 지리적 근접성에만 기초하기보다는 관계적 근접성을 토대로 제한된 장소의 범위를 초월하여 조직 내외에 존재하는 다양한 지리적 근원을 활용함으로써 조직의 지식과 역량을 강화시키는데 초점을 둔다. 마지막으로, 기업들은 암묵적 지식뿐만 아니라 명시적 지식을 통합함으로 학습과 혁신을 달성하고자 노력한다.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.9-20
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• 2008

The residential environment is a place which reflects the gradual evolution of human consciousness because it is a cultural space the term, 'houses' is not relevant in this context as it literally means 'contains'. The long history of human living habits cannot be 'contained' within a space, but can be 'expressed' by a space and by the way the space is used. Furthermore, due to the way it is typically constructed, the basic characteristics of the house usually cannot be rapidly changed to accommodate new habits. However, recent changes that have taken place to the characteristics of the traditional master room suggest that traditional societal values associated with patriarchy have diminished. The current trend where priority is given to children's education also affects such a change. Existing researches related to the master room is confined to the behavioral use of the space and the composition of the physical space, while research on the master room its plane type has not been carried out. Therefore, in this study, apartment model houses are selected, and are classified according to the types of master room. An analysis is then carried out of the master room based on the occupants' requirements in terms of consciousness. Any planning modifications where required are then suggested. This research comprises the followings stages. First, an examination is carried out of existing research on the master room in order to understand its background and spatial components. A definitiones of related terms is also provided. Second, an analysis is carried out of the model houses exhibited at Suwan District, examining the typical standard that has been selected for the master room. Third, an analysis is conducted of the topics and questions to be selected for a questionnaire. Fourth, an analysis is carried out of the consciousness, satisfaction and requirements of the residents, as respondents in the questionnaire, related to the master room. and Research is then conducted of the architectural methods for planning the master room. Finally, future countermeasures for planning the master room are described based on the above analysis and research findings.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.33-44
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• 2008

The street system in multi-family housing is an important design element to control the circulation of vehicles and pedestrians, and to form the spatial organization of the projects. In particular, in the case of high-rise apartments, the street patterns have an influence on the safety, amenity, and convenience of facilities. Until now, however, the design of street patterns in most high-rise multi-family housing projects has diminished the quality of residential environments because priority of design consideration has primarily been given to planning road ways and parking areas. Nevertheless, the design competitions introduced for the first time in the 1980s have played a significant role in developing fresh ideas and concepts in housing design. Because street patterns have been respectably modified as a result of the generalizing of design competitions, it is important to review the ideas that have been proposed in competitions over the recent past. In this context, this study classified the types of street patterns and analyzed their design characteristics for the proposals of housing design competitions since the 1990s. As a result of this analysis, the road patterns are classified into 4 types: 1) serial type, 2) isolated type, 3) mixed type, and 4) not a road pattern due to the system of connection. In addition, these were further divided into 8 types: 1) loop, 2) ring, 3) penetration, 4) tree, 5) direct entry, 6) ring and penetration, 7) loop and penetration, 8) not a road pattern due to appearance and the collector.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.682-693
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• 2013

Camouflage is evaluated by scientific principle in the fields of biology, military science, and art. It has a strong influence on contemporary fashion and means exposure with concealment. This study analyzed the visual characteristics of camouflage patterns in fashion design through documentaries and fashion photos. The fashion design results areas follow. The simple blending of a disruptive motif indicated an inaccurate repetition of a disruptive motif, the discontinuous or continuous connection of disruptive motif, the irregular repetition of a disruptive animal silhouette, the collage of a different disruptive motif, the craft of a disruptive motif and the intensive color match of a disruptive motif. It represented the maximization of complication, fantastic and fanciness. The overlap of a disruptive motif showed the overlap of disruptive print patterns with transparency and an overlap of different fabrics with a disruptive pattern. It represented spatial relationships of three dimensions as well as the maximization of visual illusion and the reinforcement of attractiveness. The blurring of a disruptive motif showed the pointage of disruptive motif, the pointage of image, value gradation, the whole blurring of a disruptive pattern cluster and stained appearance. It represented the obscurity of motif form, the uncertainty of object and double meaning. The trompe l'oeil of a partial background object showed the realistic and the painterly imitation of color and texture for partial objects through a close-up. It represented amazement and pleasure by illusion, scarcity and the decoration of surface and synecdochical remind. In conclusion, camouflage in fashion was weakened and modified from a classical military context by a unique expression of various motifs.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.41-48
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• 2013

Several fatigue damages have recently been reported which cannot be resolved in the context of the existing fatigue design procedure, and they are suspected to be the cracks induced by the low cycle fatigue mechanism. To tackle the problem, a series of material tests together with fatigue tests have been carried out, and elasto-plastic notch strain analysis using nonlinear kinematic hardening model has been performed. The cyclic stress-strain curves are obtained and the nonlinear kinematic hardening model was calibrated based on the obtained material data. Also, the fatigue test with non-load-carrying cruciform fillet welded joint has been performed in low cycle fatigue regime. Then, the notch strain analyses have been carried out to find the precise elasto-plastic behavior of the material at the notch root of the cruciform joint. The variation of the material property from the base metal via HAZ up to the weld metal was taken into account using spatial variation of the material property. Then the detail elasto-plastic behavior of the welded joint subjected to the repeated cyclic loading has been investigated further through the comparison with the prediction with Neuber's rule. The calibration of the nonlinear kinematic hardening model and nonlinear notch strain analyses have been performed using the commercial FE program ABAQUS.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제51권9호
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• pp.813-826
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• 2018

최근 기후변동성으로 유발되는 불안정한 기상상태를 효과적으로 관측하고자 레이더가 도입되고 있다. 레이더는 경험식으로 산정된 Z-R 관계식을 통하여 레이더 강우량을 제시하게 된다. 이 과정에서 레이더 강우량은 필연적으로 지상에 도달하는 실제 강우량과는 정량적 오차가 발생하게 된다. 본 연구는 확률통계학적 방법론을 이용하여 Z-R 관계식 매개변수 산정과정에서 우리나라의 강우특성을 고려함과 동시에 Z-R 관계식 매개변수의 불확실성을 정량적으로 제시하고자 한다. 강우의 계절성을 고려하여 Z-R 관계식 매개변수를 추정하는 과정에서 Bayesian 추론기법을 도입하여 생산된 레이더 강우량은 기존의 Z-R 관계식에 비하여 개선된 통계적 효율기준을 제시하였다. 따라서 Bayesian 추론기법을 활용한 Z-R 관계식 매개변수 산정은 정량적으로 신뢰성 있는 고해상도 강우정보의 생산은 고도화된 수문해석 및 기상예보 지원을 가능케 할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국경제지리학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.19-35
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• 2001

본 연구는 LG전자 디스플레이 사업본부를 사례로 대기업 하청거래 네트워크의 공간적 특성과 하청거래 관리 및 협력정책을 고찰하였다. LG전자 디스플레이 사업본부의 경우에도 과거에 비해 전체적으로 비교적 높은 국지적 하청거래 네트워크가 형성되고 있으며, 앞으로 생산공정의 수직적 분해와 하청거래는 더욱 강화될 것으로 예상된다. 그러나, 역내 하청업체들은 비회로 부품 중심의 저부가가치형 전자부품 생산에 특화된 구조적 특성을 가지고 있다. 이러한 특성은 구미지역이 기술환경 변화에 대응하여 경쟁력을 지속함에 있어서 결정적인 약점이 될 수밖에 없다. 하청거래업체 관리 및 협력정책에서 밝혀진 바라 갈이 경쟁력이 떨어지거나 부품의 기술적 특화도가 미약할 경우 언제든지 하청거래관계를 중단하려는 경향이 매우 강한 반면, 핵심 부품을 생산하는 주요 하청거래업체의 변동은 없기 때문이다. 따라서 중핵 대기업과 하청거래업체간의 네트워크 거래관계에 있어서 협력체제가 지역에 뿌리내릴 수 있는 학습과 혁신을 위한 제도화가 지역정책의 핵심이 되어야 할 것이다.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.45-64
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• 1991

Each of us has personal and unique "Mental Images" of environment that are the results of a two-way process between an observer and his environment. By understanding of people's image on their physical settings through cognitive maps, congruent with their design environment. In this context, this study is to fine out the characteristics of the resident's image in apartment housing that are modern housing. This paper is theoretically based on Appleyard's cognitive maps types, Lynch's the components of image, Harrison and Howard's image enhancing factors and Applyard's image enhancing factors of buildings. For the purpose of this study, two-instruments were used. One was sketch mapping, that told of visual aspects of cognitive map. Another was verbal questionnaire, which was composed of nonvisual aspects of image components and image enhancing factors. For the methods of research analysis, Percentage, Frequency, and Chi-square test were used. The results of this study are as follows. Firstly, as for the types of cognitive maps, the rate of sequential maps and spatial maps are nearly same. Secondly, as for the components of images, landmarks and districts are significant elements in apartment housing, and edges, nodes and paths are rare element. Thirdly, with regard to image enhancing factors, landscaping is shown to be most effective at landmarks and districts. And finally, in examing the differences of images between various social groups, significant variables are years of living and housing size. Age and income are the next. In this study of image, we can learn about manner in which individuals come to see, understand, and cope with the environment at a personal level. So, user-oriented approach is useful in environmental design, and particularly, it is useful in the apartment housing of the future life space.