• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.45-53
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• 2019

PURPOSE: This study examined the differences in the trunk impairment scores according to the levels of the gross motor classification system by evaluating trunk control in children with spastic cerebral palsy using the index of trunk impairment. In addition, the characteristics of trunk control disabilities were investigated according to the cerebral palsy type. METHODS: The subjects were 49 children (mean age 8.57±1.83 years, 11 with hemiplegia, 26 with diplegia, and 12 with quadriplegia) with spastic cerebral palsy levels I to IV under the gross motor function classification system (GMFCS). The coordination and balance of the children with cerebral palsy were evaluated using the index for trunk impairment. Statistical analyses were performed using a Kruskal-Wallis test, and Bonferroni analyses were used as a post-hoc comparison for any significant results. RESULTS: The median of the total scores of trunk impairment was 13 (range, 9-17), which was 56% of the maximum score. The total score of trunk impairment and subscales differed significantly according to the disease severity and type of motor disability. The scores for children with quadriplegia were the lowest compared to children with hemiplegia and diplegia. CONCLUSION: Trunk control function in children with spastic cerebral palsy was reduced, and varied according to the disease severity and types of motor disabilities. The degree of trunk impairment differed from the trunk control ability according to the degree of motor disability of children with cerebral palsy.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.339-343
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to see the effect of functional electrical stimulation on forced vital capacity and alternating motion rate in children with spastic cerebral palsy. This study divided 20 children with spastic cerebral palsy into two groups; functional electrical stimulation treatment group and control group. Functional electrical stimulation treatment group had 20min per day treatment three times a week for four weeks and the control group did not have any treatment. Before and after intervention, this study measured forced vital capacity and alternate motion rate(/peo/,/teo/) for all children. Forced vital capacity showed statistically significant increase for the group with functional electrical stimulation(p<.05) while the control group did not show any significant increase(p>.05). Alternate motion rate showed statistically significant increase for the group with functional electrical stimulation(p<.05) while the control group did not show any significant increase(p>.05). This result shows that functional electrical stimulation affected the ability of the children with spastic cerebral palsy who have decreased breathing and phonation capability.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.93-100
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences of feeding ability and articulatory function in the children with spastic cerebral palsy and typically developing children according to feeding subtypes. The feeding subtypes were limited by chewing, cup drinking and spoon feeding. 14 children with spastic cerebral palsy and 14 typically developing children were participated in this study. The results were following as; First, there were significant differences in overall articulatory function between two groups Second, all scores of articulators' function according to feeding subtypes in children with cerebral palsy was significantly higher than typically developing children Third, chewing mode in feeding subtypes was highly correlated with lip and tongue movement. compared to another Finally, the correlation between spoon feeding and mobility of lip and tongue was high in both groups. These results suggested that These results suggest that the effort to find out the differences feeding ability and appliances for articulatory function in CP children are meaningful in catching their speech ability indirectly. Moreover, the more organized feeding skills should be discussed in the relationship with verbal and nonverbal development.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.209-224
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to identify the acoustic properties of 9 word initial Korean plosives in the speech of adults with cerebral palsy. Normal adults and two groups of adults with cerebral palsy (athetoid group and spastic group) participated in this study. Speech material included monosyllabic CVC real word pairs. Among the various acoustic properties of plosives, the aspiration duration was measured. Adults with cerebral palsy exhibited different patterns of aspiration duration for triplets of Korean plosives compared to normal adults. In addition, the plosive production of spastic group was distinguished from that of athetoid group. Such acoustic characteristics of plosives of adults with cerebral palsy may negatively affect the intelligibility of their speech.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.16-23
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• 2012

This study examined the effects of custom-made foot orthotics on the temporal-spatial gait parameters in children with cerebral palsy. Twenty spastic bilateral cerebral palsy (spastic CP) children (11 boys and 9 girls) participated in this study. GAITRite was used to examine the velocity, cadence, step length differential, step length, stride length, stance time, single support time, double support time, base of support, and toe angle while walking with and without foot orthotics. The differences in temporal-spatial parameters were analyzed using paired t-test. The significance level was set at .05. The velocity, cadence, both step lengths, both stride lengths, both bases of support and right toe angle significantly increased when the children with spastic CP with foot orthotics compared to without foot orthotics (p<.05). The step length differential between the two extremities, left stance time and left single support time, significantly decreased with foot orthotics (p<.05). Right stance time, right single support time, both double support times and left toe angle showed little change (p>.05). This study demonstrated that foot orthotics were beneficial for children with spastic CP as a gait assistance tool.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.7
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• pp.232-239
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among functional evaluation systems, the Selective Motor Control Scale (SMC scale), the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS), the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) and Activities of daily living in children with spastic cerebral palsy and to provide the foundation data about SMC scle for evaluation system of abilities of selective motor control in children with spastic cerebral palsy. For this, sixty eight children with spastic cerebral palsy were participated in this study. The children were evaluated by using the SMC scale for their selective motor control ability and by using the GMFCS and GMFM for their gross motor function. The activities of daily living were assessed by using the Functional Independence Measure of Children (WeeFIM). There were a significant correlation between the SMC scale and the GMFCS (r = -.485, p < .05). The good correlation between the SMC scale and GMFM was found (r = .482, p < .05). The activities of daily living were not a significant correlation with SMC scale (r = .019, p > .05). The SMC scale in practice will provide usefulness for assessment of abilities of selective motor control in children with spastic cerebral palsy.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.47-51
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine whether there are any differences, with and without a toe spreader (TS), in dynamic foot pressure distribution in children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy. Methods: Dynamic foot pressure recording using the RSscan system were obtained during walking in 12 participants (male=7, female=5) with and without TS. Mean force was measured for four different plantar regions; great toe, forefoot, midfoot, hindfoot. Displacement of center of pressure (COP), velocity of COP displacement and stance time were also measured during gait. Results: TS walking exhibited statistically significant decrease of mean force under great toe and forefoot (p<0.05), compared with a barefoot walking. Also, TS walking exhibited statistically significant increase of antero-posterior displacement of COP (p>0.05). Conclusion: These findings indicate the potential clinical utility of toe spreader to correct dynamic foot pressure during stance phase in children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Neurotherapy
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.11-18
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• 2018

Purpose This study is to investigate the effect of sling exercise on the balance capacity of spastic diplegia cerebral palsy patient based on Bobath concept. Methods A single subject experiment was designed targeting an 8year old child with the rigid bilateral cerebral palsy. The static balance test used the 30 second Rombug test of BT4, and the dynamic balance test used the timed up and go test. Results In the 30second Rombug test of BT4, the child had a smaller median outcome than baseline and withdrawal period. In the TUG test, the walking speed in the intervention period was improved comparing to the baseline and withdrawal period. Conclusion The sling exercise based on the Bobath concept has been proved that it is an effective intervention to improve the static and dynamic balance capacity of patients with rigid bilateral cerebral palsy.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.11-21
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• 2015

Purpose: This study intends to investigate if visual perception training program has influence on writing intelligibility and visual perception ability of the children who have spastic cerebral palsy. Methods: The subjects were 12 children of 4-8 years old. Classifying them into 2 groups - cerebral palsy children group(6) and normal children group(6), visual perception training program was conducted to the cerebral palsy children group twice a week for 4 weeks. Korean alphabet writing test and Korean-version development test on visual perception(DTVP-2) were used for the test. Result: First, the cerebral palsy children group had significantly lower scores on visual perception than the normal children group. Second, Two groups didn't show significantly difference between before and after the visual perception training program. Third, The normal children group significantly increased at three parts without the visual perception training program. Forth, The cerebral palsy children group significantly increased at the only a part after the visual perception training program Conclusion: For the visual perception ability improvement of cerebral palsy children, it is necessary to systematic and continued intervention. And the study about the effect of the visual perception training program application according to by type characteristic of the cerebral palsy child wishes to proceed.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.51-58
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• 2001

In children with cerebral palsy, bone density is decreased by disturbance of bone remodelling due to lack of normal weight bearing and muscle contraction through physical activity. Loss of bone density cause fracture, delays treatment with immobilization, and leads to functional limitation. The purpose of this study was to investigate bone mineral density of lumbar spine in children with spastic quadriplegia and diplegia. Six spastic quadriplegia and 14 spastic diplegia were evaluated in this study. QDR 4500 X-ray densitometer was used to measure bone density at lumbar spine (L1~L4). Children with cerebral palsy showed lower bone density than that of normal children. Bone density in children with spastic quadriplegia and diplegia was $-1.812{\pm}.962$, $-1.519{\pm}.935$, respectively. However, there was no significant differences in bone density between children with spastic quadriplegia and diplegia. There was no significant difference in bone density relation to motor development level, height, and weight. Further study is needed to find the appropriate interventions for preventing loss of bone density in children with cerebral palsy.