• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.59 no.4
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• pp.1-13
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to examine the types of and figurative characteristics of in women's embroidered handicrafts of Korea. It also aims to revive Korean traditional beauty, to examine the applicability of Korean traditional design that has both modern beauty and practicality, and to develop Korean women's embroidered handicrafts. The types of women's embroidered of Korea include Jumoni (pouches), Bojagi (wrapping cloths), and other accessories made by sewing. Jumoni consisting of 55.51% of them was the most frequently used handicraft followed by Bojagi (8.66%), and other accessories (35.83%). In terms of the patterns used, animal pattern and plant pattern were used the most frequently. In addition, complex patterns using two or three patterns together(70.49) were more frequent than singular patterns (29.53%). Pictorial type of pattern arrangement (58.24%) was used the most frequently and dense type (39.76%) and sparse type (2.00%) were followed. In terms of the materials on which embroidery was used, Dahn (85.82%) was used the most frequently followed by wool (5.67%), cotton (4.26%), silk (3.55%), and Sa (0.70%). Various techniques of stitches were used such as outline stitch (40.56%), satin and running stitch (29.32%), French nut stitch (28.11%), long and short stitch (21.28%), double leaf stitch (20.88%), and so on. Among them, satin stitch (63.05%) was the most popular type of stitch techniques. Strings (23.56%), maedeup (Korean traditional knots, 8.62%), or tassels (9.77%) were also attached for the purpose of both practicality and of decoration. There were some cases that added cloissone or red-pepper shaped decorations.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.1338-1348
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• 2019

The Geomunoreum Lava Tube System, declared as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, has a unique natural ecosystem. The information available about this ecosystem, which contains lava caves with secondary carbonate speleothems, is sparse. Hence, extensive research is warranted for establishing a conservation standard. We commenced microbial research on the system and have been studying the microorganisms coating the lava tube wall to acquire fundamental information for understanding the lava cave ecology of Jeju Island. Samples were collected from yellow-colored walls in six caves that are part of the system-the Bengdwi, Utsanjeon, Bukoreum, Manjang, Gimnyeong, and Yongcheon caves. This study focused on yellow walls as it is the most easily distinguished color. According to previous studies, the color of cave walls is attributed to microorganisms or their components. To determine whether the yellow mats from the Jeju lava tube walls are caused by microorganisms, we examined samples at the microscopic scale, by staining mats and analyzing bacterial isolates from glitter particles. As a result, we found that the yellow walls of lava tubes are comprised of microbial mats.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.53-61
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• 1974

Pine forests existing in Hong-do island were examined as regarding such characteristics, tree form, needle length, branch diameter, bark colors, ratio of summer wood to springwood, location and number of resin canal and other measurements. Hong-do island, located the furthest west part of Korea, suports only Pinus densiflora but very few Pinus thunbergii, in fact the present authors could not find any black pine individuals at all through investigation. Checking 14 individual trees of red pine, more than age of 20, of the genetic contamination by black pine, in a certain degree, exist. Here, a very dense foliage type and a very sparse foliage type tree of red pine growing nearby was examined and the unique fact was that each of those type has only one (average number 1.3) accessory resin canal, while other trees have three as minimum or more. The present authors thought this island had not been covered by any Pinus thunbergii but by Pinus densiflora. It was thought that Pinus thunbergii stands grown along the sea-coast of Korean Peninsula are pollen donors to this island.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.65-74
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• 1992

The tegumental ultrastructure of juvenile and adult Echinostoma cinetorchis (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) was observed by scanning electron microscopy. Three-day (juvenile) and 16-day (adult) worms were harvested from rats (Sprague-Dawley) experimentally fed the metacercariae from the laboratory-infected fresh water snail, Hippeutis cantori. The worms were fifed with 2.5% glutaraldehyde, processed routinely, and observed by an ISI Korea DS-130 scanning electron microscope. The 3-day old juvenile worms were elongated and ventrally curved, with their ventral sucker near the anterior two-fifths of the body. The head crown was bearing 37∼38 collar spines arranged in a zigzag pattern. The lips of the oral and ventral suckers had 8 and 5 type II sensory papillae respectively, and bewteen the spines, a few type III papillae were observed. Tongue or spade-shape spines were distributed anteriorly to the ventral sucker, whereas peg-like spines were distributed posteriorly and became sparse toward the posterior body. The spines of the dorsal surface were similar to those of the ventral surface. The 16-day old adults were leaf-like, and their oral and ventral suckers were located very closely. Aspinous head crown, oral and ventral suckers had type II and type III sensory papillae, and numerous type I papillae were distributed on the tegument anterior to the ventral sucker. Scale-like spines, with broad base and round tip, were distributed densely on the tegument anterior to the ventral sucker but they became sparse posteriorly. At the dorsal surface, spines were observed at times only at the anterior body. The results showed that the tegument of E. cinetorchis is similar to that of other echinostomes, but differs in the number and arrangement of collar spines, shape and distribution of tegumenal spines, and type and distribution of sensory papillae.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.56-62
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• 2012

There is little information about appropriate greenspace structures to satisfy aesthetic function in Korea. The purpose of this study was to analyze Korean's aesthetic preferences for greenspace structures concerned with urban tree plantings of an areal type to explore desirable greenspace landscapes. The study considered 5 structural variables of greenspace which were species composition, tree density, tree size, vertical and horizontal structure, and tree layout pattern. A photo-questionnaire was prepared through color simulations of different landscape types for each structural variable. Preference responses of an interval-scale rating from 214 respondents were statistically analyzed between landscape types and between respondent groups. Respondents preferred greenspace landscapes with diverse tree species to single species, higher tree density to lower density, larger trees to many smaller trees, multilayered and grouped plantings to single-layered and sparse plantings, and informal pattern to formal pattern. These preferences tended to be relatively higher for educated specialist and student groups than for other generalist group. Thus, multilayered and dense plantings in natural pattern including larger trees of diverse species, which are similar to ecological plantings, are recommended to increase aesthetic function of greenspace.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.179-188
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• 1998

Local polynomial regression estimation is the most popular one among kernel type regression estimator. In local polynomial regression function esimation bandwidth selection is crucial problem like the kernel estimation. When the regression curve has complicated structure variable bandwidth selection will be appropriate. In this paper, we propose a variable bandwidth selection method fully data driven. We will choose the bandwdith by selecting minimising estiamted MSE which is estimated by the pilot bandwidth study via croos-validation method. Monte carlo simulation was conducted in order to show the superiority of proposed bandwidth selection method.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetic Resonance Society
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.102-108
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• 2016

With the rapid increase of data on protein-protein interactions, the need for delineating the 3D structures of huge protein complexes has increased. The protocols for determining nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) structure can be applied to modeling complex structures coupled with sparse experimental restraints. In this report, I suggest the use of multiple rigid bodies for improving the efficiency of NMR-assisted structure modeling of huge complexes using CYANA. By preparing a region of known structure as a new type of residue that has no torsion angle, one can facilitate the search of the conformational spaces. This method has a distinct advantage over the rigidification of a region with synthetic distance restraints, particularly for the calculation of huge molecules. I have demonstrated the idea with calculations of decaubiquitins that are linked via Lys6, Lys11, Lys27, Lys29, Lys33, Lys48, or Lys63, or head to tail. Here, the ubiquitin region consisting of residues 1-70 was treated as a rigid body with a new residue. The efficiency of the calculation was further demonstrated in Lys48-linked decaubiquitin with ambiguous distance restraints. The approach can be readily extended to either protein-protein complexes or large proteins consisting of several domains.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.12 no.7
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• pp.3194-3216
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• 2018

Slow Feature Discriminant Analysis (SFDA) is a supervised feature extraction method inspired by biological mechanism. In this paper, a novel method called Two Dimensional Slow Feature Discriminant Analysis via $L_{2,1}$ norm minimization ($2DSFDA-L_{2,1}$) is proposed. $2DSFDA-L_{2,1}$ integrates $L_{2,1}$ norm regularization and 2D statically uncorrelated constraint to extract discriminant feature. First, $L_{2,1}$ norm regularization can promote the projection matrix row-sparsity, which makes the feature selection and subspace learning simultaneously. Second, uncorrelated features of minimum redundancy are effective for classification. We define 2D statistically uncorrelated model that each row (or column) are independent. Third, we provide a feasible solution by transforming the proposed $L_{2,1}$ nonlinear model into a linear regression type. Additionally, $2DSFDA-L_{2,1}$ is extended to a bilateral projection version called $BSFDA-L_{2,1}$. The advantage of $BSFDA-L_{2,1}$ is that an image can be represented with much less coefficients. Experimental results on three face databases demonstrate that the proposed $2DSFDA-L_{2,1}/BSFDA-L_{2,1}$ can obtain competitive performance.

• Water for future
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.251-263
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• 1990

For surcharge flow in a sewer, the slot technique simulates surcharge flow as open - channel flow using a hypothetical narrow open piezometric slot at the sewer crown. The flow in a sewer is described mathematically using the unsteady open - channel Saint-Venant equations. In this study, the computer simulation model(USS-slot) using slot techniques is develeped to simulate the inlet hydrographs to manholes and the flow under pressure as well as free - surface flow in tree - type sewer networks of circular conduits. The inlet hydrographs are simulated by using the rational method or the ILSD progrm. The Saint-Venant equations for unsteady open - channel flow in seweres are solved by using a four - point implicit difference scheme. The flow equations of the sewers and the junction flow equations are solved simulaneously using a sparse matrix solution technique.

• Current Photovoltaic Research
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.44-51
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• 2013

For preparing a device-quality $CuInSe_2$ (CISe) light-absorbing layer by single-bath electrodeposition for a superstrate-type CISe cell, morphological properties of the CISe layers were investigated by varying concentrations of sulfamic acid and potassium biphthalate, complexing/buffering agents. CISe films were grown on an $In_2Se_3$ film by applying a constant voltage of -0.5V versus Ag/AgCl for 90 min in a solution with precursors of $CuCl_2$, $InCl_3$, and $SeO_2$, and a KCl electrolyte. A dense and smooth layer of CISe could be obtained with a solution containing both sulfamic acid and potassium biphthalate in a narrow concentration range of combination. A CISe layer prepared on the $In_2Se_3$ film with proper concentrations of complexing/buffering agents exhibited thickness of $1.6{\sim}1.8{\mu}m$ with few undesirable secondary phases. On the other hand, when the bath solution did not contain either sulfamic acid or potassium biphthalate, a CISe film appeared to contain undesirable flake-shape $Cu_{2-x}Se$ phases or sparse pores in the upper part of film.