• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.58 no.3
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• pp.63-78
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• 2008

Since 1960, minimalism has been one of the fashion phenomenon and turned out in many different ways. After postmodernism which contains negotiation and pluralism, appeared in 1980, there was a new wave of post minimalism that inherited 1960's minimalism. Minimal style which come out of 60's fashion, is marked by simplicity, minimal expression, and monochrome color, and it shows up simple style with no decoration. It opened up a young fashion period, and we saw minimal style in sports wear which utilized simplicity and function with spread of sports in the 70's. And also since 1980, Post-Modern widely influenced the idea about modern culture as well as complicated clothes getting rid of fixed concept, seeking to break the boundary between culture and life which were seek in fashion and personality as well as various characteristic, Accordingly in different ages, The style and image were borrowed from different culture and natural environment mixing the image, cultural phenomena like these appearing in complexity and expression, variety and possibility of new vision was expanded. Since 1980, Fashion has become more gradually diversity, high classed, required of each individuality. The phenomenon of fashion reappearance which was influenced by minimalism is continued to 2000. The Oriental style fashion is still attracted, so The new term "Ethic Minimalism" has appeared along with the trends which is put together. Therefore the purpose of this study is to search the concept and the characteristics of ethnic minimalism, to consider the relationship between minimalism and ethnic minimalism, and reveal the characteristic of ethnic minimalism happened to modern fashion. The study method went through literature research and practice research. The range of this study is oriental fashion spanning of from 1960 to current day. Photo records from this period show well the spirit of the oriental and the personality of minimalism. The oriental representative designer and western representative designer are centered Consequently, The formative characteristics of ethnic minimalism are simple, pure, unbalanced free style and representing the phenomena of compromise, blending oriental and western fashion. Structually, Elements of space and plane are emphasized, colors are restricted, and materials are composed mainly of natural fiber. So, minimalism based on simplicity combined with a structure of oriental spiritual depth and space, It could be called ethnic minimalism as a rational fashion.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.21-30
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• 2012

When two bands have different look angle in a space-borne camera system, the registration between two bands is required. The registration cannot be modeled with constant parameters because of dynamic of platform and parallax effect. The parallax effect is caused by terrain relief, hence it causes local distortion between two bands. Therefore, the terrain relief correction in order to reduce the parallax effect is required for better registration result, especially for high resolution image data. Such terrain relief correction also can be applied to image data acquired from multiple detectors with different look angle within a band, which is a one of commonly used configuration for a wider swath in space-borne camera system, in order to reduce the distortion between detectors. The RFM is a popular abstract model in remote sensing field, which gives us the relationship between the image plane and geodetic coordinate system. Therefore, we propose a terrain relief correction method based on the RFM. The experiment showed very promising result.

• Bulletin of the Korean Space Science Society
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.50-50
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• 2003

본 연구에서는 행성 근접통과(Gravity Assist, Swingby, Flyby)를 이용한 행성간 탐사선의 궤도를 설계할 수 있는 알고리즘 개발을 자체적으로 수행하였다. 미 항공우주국(NASA)에서는 이를 이용한 행성간 탐사선의 궤도에 관한 연구를 이미 1950년대부터 시작하여 왔으며, 1973년 Mariner 10호가 한번에 두 행성, 금성과 수성을 탐사하는데 성공하였다. 행성간 임무에 있어서 행성 근접통과를 적절하게 이용한다면 임무 수행시 요구되는 에너지를 최소화 시킬 수 있어 발사비용의 절감효과와 함께 한번의 발사로 여러 행성의 탐사가 가능하여 임무의 효율성을 증대 시킬 수 있다. 행성 근접통과를 이용한 행성 탐사선의 궤도설계를 위해서는 근접 통과하는 행성(Flyby planet)에서의 진입속도벡터( $V_{\infty}$$^{ -}$) 및 출발속도벡터( $V_{\infty}$$^{+}$)의 크기, 근접 통과시의 비행 고도(Flyby altitude), 근접 통과 행성과의 충돌여부 분석(B-plane analysis), 최종적으로 도착하고자 하는 행성(Target planet)의 위치 등 많은 제한조건이 고려되어야 한다. 연구된 알고리즘의 결과를 미 항공우주국 (NASA)의 임무였던 Mariner 10호의 결과와 비교하여 보았으며, 우리나라가 향후 목성으로 탐사선을 보낸다고 가정하였을 경우, 행성 근접통과를 이용한 탐사선의 발사시기(Launch Window), 요구되는 발사 에너지(C3)값, 그리고 각각에 따른 궤적들을 산출하여 보았다. 이미 기술 개발을 완료한 국가들이 관련 기술의 제휴를 기피하고 있는 현 상황에서 이와 관련된 연구는 우주개발의 시대를 열고 있는 우리나라의 우주개발관련 기초 기술 분야를 위해 선행 연구되어야 할 부분이다. 기초 기술 분야를 위해 선행 연구되어야 할 부분이다.다.향을 해석하고 시뮬레이션 하였다.Device Controller)는 ECU로부터 명령어를 받아서 arm 및 safe 상태에 대한 텔리 메트리 데이터를 제공한다 그리고, SAR(Solar Array Regulator)는 ECU로부터 Bypass Relay 및 ARM Relay에 관한 명령어를 받아 수행되며 그에 따른 텔리 메트리 데이터를 제공한다. 마지막으로 EPS 소프트웨어를 검증하는 EPS Software Verification을 수행하였다 전력계 소프트웨어의 설계의 검증 부분은 현재 설계 제작된 전력계 .소프트웨어의 동작 특성 이 위성 의 전체 운용개념과 연계하여 전력계 소프트웨어가 전력계 및 위성체의 요구조건을 만족시키는지를 확인하는데 있다. 전력계 운용 소프트웨어는 배터리의 충ㆍ방전을 효율적으로 관리해 3년의 임무 기간동안 위성체에 전력을 공급할 수 있도록 설계되어 있다this hot-core has a mass of 10sR1 which i:s about an order of magnitude larger those obtained by previous studies.previous studies.업순서들의 상관관계를 고려하여 보다 개선된 해를 구하기 위한 연구가 요구된다. 또한, 준비작업비용을 발생시키는 작업장의 작업순서결정에 대해서도 연구를 행하여, 보완작업비용과 준비비용을 고려한 GMMAL 작업순서문제를 해결하기 위한 연구가 수행되어야 할 것이다.로 이루어 져야 할 것이다.태를 보다 효율적으로 증진시킬 수 있는 대안이 마련되어져야 한다고 사료된다.$\ulcorner$순응$\lrcorner$의 범위를 벗어나지 않는다. 그렇기 때문에도 $\ulcorner$순응$\lrcorner$과 $\ulcorner$표현$\lrcorner$의 성격과 형태를 외형상으로 더욱이 공간상에서는 뚜렷하

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.69-78
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• 2007

The international EARTHSHINE mission is to measure 1% anomaly of the Earth global albedo and total solar irradiance using Amon-Ra instrument around Lagrange point 1. We developed a new ray truing based integrated end-to-end simulation tool that overcomes the shortcomings of the existing end-to-end performance simulation techniques. We then studied the in-orbit radiometric performance of the breadboard Anon-Ra visible channel optical system. The TSI variation and the Earth albedo anomaly, reported elsewhere, were used as the key input variables in the simulation. The output flux at the instrument focal plane confirms that the integrated ray tracing based end-to-end science simulation delivers the correct level of incident power to the Amon-Ra instrument well within the required measurement error budget of better than ${\pm}0.28%$. Using the global angular distribution model (ADM), the incident flux is then used to estimate the Earth global albedo and the TSI variation, confirming the validity of the primary science cases at the L1 halo orbit. These results imply that the integrated end-to-end ray tracing technique, reported here, can serve as an effective and powerful building block of the on-line science analysis tool in support of the international EARTHSHINE mission currently being developed.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.231-246
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• 2012

Recently, the construction of tunnel frequently involves neighboring weak ground conditions. In this case, the stabilized ground could be relaxed by the excavation of tunnel. This will create issues in terms of stability of tunnel. Major factors determining the stability of tunnel can be the direction (angle) of weak zone, the distance between tunnel and boundary of weak zone and so on. In this study, by quantifying the displacement and crack propagation during the excavation of tunnel constructed neighboring weak zone, the influence of the direction of weak zone and the distance between tunnel and boundary of weak zone on the mechanical behavior of tunnel is investigated. A series of experimental scaled model tests by changing the direction of weak zone and the distance between tunnel and boundary of weak zone, are performed and analyzed under the condition of homogeneous material. The results show that as the angle between ground surface and boundary of weak zone moves from horizontal to perpendicular plane, displacement near tunnel increases. An increased distance between tunnel and boundary of weak zone induces displacements near tunnel to decrease and stabilizes beyond a certain level of distance. These findings verify and extend the earlier studies quantitatively. Finally, an appropriate distance between tunnel and boundary of weak zone according to the angle of weak zone is justified. This fundamental insight provides the basis for a more rational design of tunnel neighboring weak ground conditions.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.348-356
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• 2011

Objective : The safety and efficacy of various fusion substitutes in pyogenic osteomyelitis has not been investigated. We evaluated and compared the cadaveric allograft and titanium cages used to reconstruct, maintain alignment and achieve fusion in the management of pyogenic spinal infection. Methods : There were 33 patients with pyogenic osteomyelitis underwent fusion in this study. Fifteen of the 33 patients were operated on by fusion with allografts (cadaveric patella bones) and 18 of those were operated with titanium mesh cages filled with autologous cancellous iliac bone. After the affected disc and vertebral body resection with pus drainage, cadaveric allograft or titanium cages were inserted into the resected space. Posterior transpedicular screw fixation and rod compression in resected space, where cadaveric allograft or titanium cages were inserted, was performed to prevent the malposition in all patients except in 1 case. Recurrent infection was identified by serial erythrocyte sedimentation rate and cross reactive protein follow-up. Osseous union and recurred infection available at a minimum of 2 years following operation was identified. The amount of kyphosis correction and the subsidence were measured radiographically. Results : Spinal fusion was achieved in 29 of 33 patients. In the cadaveric allograft group, 93.3% of patient (14 of 15) showed the osseous union while 83.3% of patient (15 of 18) in the titanium cage group showed union. Subsidence was noted in 12 of the patients. Twelve patients (36.3%) showed unsettling amounts of subsidence postoperatively whereas 46.6% of patients in the cadaveric allograft group and 37.7% of patients in the titanium cage group showed similar subsidence, respectively. There were statistical difference in the fusion rate (p=0.397) and subsidence rate (p=0.276) between the two groups. There was significant statistical difference in the postoperative improvement of segmental kyphosis between the two groups (p=0.022), that is the improvement in sagittal alignment was greater in the titanium cage group than in the cadaveric allograft group. There was no case of recurred infection. Conclusion : The cadaveric allograft and titanium cages are effective and safe in restoring and maintaining sagittal plane alignment without increased incidence in infection recurrence in pyogenic osteomyelitis. The postoperative improvement of segmental kyphosis was better in the cage group.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.361-376
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the head and neck postre and the cervical curvature, especially in forward head postrue(FHP). Sixty patients with craniomandibular disorders and thirty dental students without any signs and symptoms of craniomandibular disordres participated in this study as patient groups and sa control group, respectively. The author evaluated the head and neck posture of all subjects by plumb line and CROM( Cervical Ragne of Motion), and had taken cephaograph in natural head position. On the cephalograph the angle of cervical inclination formed by true horizntal plane and 4th cervical vertebra(C4) and the radius of cervical curvature from C1 to C5 were measured. A specially designed ruler was used for measuring cervical curvature. Occlusal contac number and force with T-scan system, electromygraphic activity of cervical muscles with Bio-EMG, and distance of freeway space with Bio-ECN were recorded, respectively. The collected data were processed by SAS/STAT progrm. The obtained results were as follows : 1. In subjects with longer radius which was less cervical curvature, head positioned more anteriorly than subjects with smaller radius, and they showed slightly straight cervical vertebra. 2. Between the patients and the control group, there were no differences in cervical curvature, in forward head position by plumb line and in CROM. But the patient group had a greater cervical inclination than the control group had. 3. There were positive correlation between cervical curvature and forward head position by plumbline,between forward head position y plumb line and that by CROM in patient group. The cervical inclination, however, had negative correlation with cervical curvature, and with forward head postion by plumb line, respectively. 4. In case of showing more cervical curvature and more forward head position by plumb line the head position was defined as forward head posture. In patient group, subjects without forward head posture showed greater posterior teeth contact force than subjects with forward head posture, but in control group, there were no difference between the two subjects. 5. There were higher electromyographic activity in almost all muscles and smaller freeway space in induced forward head posture than those in natural head position in subjects without forward head posture. In conclusion, head position of patients with craniomandibular disorders were not more anterior than that of normal control person, but they had tendency to head extension. From the result of this study, forward head posture could be defined as posterior rotation of upper cervical segment with a straight lower cercial segment due to loss of normal lordosis.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.79-86
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• 2008

This paper presents to improve of isolation characteristics between personal communication service(PCS) antenna In mobile terminal and 2-channel multi input multi output(MIMO) antenna in the wireless broadband Internet(WiBro) band. In order to improve the isolation between each channel antenna, the proposed PCS antenna with an air space of 3 mm height is located on the projected ground plane($25{\times}12mm$) which is very small space$(0.19{\lambda})$ between the 2-channel WiBro-MIMO antenna. The proposed PCS antenna structure is a modified planar inverted F antenna (PIFA) of spiral type with shorting strip line(6${\times}$4 mm). The calculated Isolation values between the proposed PIFA with 3-dimensional structure and the MIMO antenna at Wibro band are about -20dB below and agree well with the measurement. Measured return loss, bandwidth, and gain o# the proposed antenna are -20dB at 1.8GHz, 110MHz(1.76${\sim}$1.87 GHz) band at -10dB below, and 0.05dBi, respectively, Moreover, we confirm that the proposed PCS antenna has no influence on performance and characteristics of the conversional 2-channel WiBro-MIMO antenna.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.243-249
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• 2018

Excessive tooth wear results in unacceptable damage to the occlusal surface and can cause pulpitis, occlusal disharmony, dysfunction, and unesthetic result. Patients with severe attrition have to be classified as several types relative to the vertical dimension of occlusion (VDO) and the interocclusal distance for the prosthetic space. The patient in this case was a 80 - year - old woman who lost support of posterior occlusion and collapsed of the occlusal plane due to confrontation of the opposing teeth, accompanied by an increase in the number of remaining bristles, resulting in a loss of intermaxillary space for prosthesis. In this case, treatment with increased vertical dimension may have stability if the increase in vertical occlusal height is minimized within the required range, and a stable occlusal contact is provided after an increased vertical occlusal height stabilization period. After the new VDO had been confirmed under interim fixed restorations, definitive fixed restorations were produced. Through these treatment processes, we obtain satisfactory results that are functional and aesthetically pleasing.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.390-396
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• 2012

Infraocclusion is defined as tooth whose relative occlusal movement was blocked during the period of active eruption due to ankylosis and so on. Then infraoccluded tooth remains under the occlusal plane composed by adjacent structures showing normal eruption patterns. Untreated infraocclusion may cause: prolonged retention of infraoccluded teeth; extrusion of apposed teeth; destruction of periodontal tissues by occlusal force and food packing; increased sensitivity for dental caries; and disturbances on eruption pathway of succedaneous teeth. Therefore, periodic check-ups and proper treatments are required. There are many treatment options on infraoccluded deciduous molars such as periodic observation, conservative method, restoration and space regaining with extraction of the teeth. The choice of treatment may depend on the presence of succedaneous teeth, time of diagnosis and degree of infraocclusion. In this case report, three patients showing displacement of the second premolars due to infraocclusion of upper second primary molars, were treated by means of space regaining with removable orthodontic appliances and extraction of ankylosed primary molars. All malpositioned permanent premolars in the 3 cases showed ordinary eruption pathways after treatment.