• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2014

The expansion of the physical road in response to changes in social conditions and policy of the country has reached the limit. In order to alleviate congestion on the existing road to reconsider the effectiveness of this method should be asking. Currently, how to collect traffic information for management of the intersection is limited to point detection systems. Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) was the traffic information collection system of point detection method such as through video and loop detector in the past. However, intelligent transportation systems of the next generation(C-ITS) has evolved rapidly in real time interval detection system of collecting various systems between the pedestrian, road, and car. Therefore, this study is designed to evaluate the development of an algorithm for queue length based real-time traffic signal control methodology. Four coordinates estimate on time-space diagram using the travel time each individual vehicle collected via the interval detector. Using the coordinate value estimated during the cycle for estimating the velocity of the shock wave the queue is created. Using the queue length is estimated, and determine the signal timing the total queue length is minimized at intersection. Therefore, in this study, it was confirmed that the calculation of the signal timing of the intersection queue is minimized.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.202-214
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• 2014

We introduce status and prospect of increasingly utilizing, unmanned, global ocean observing systems, and the global network to integrate, coordinate, and manage the systems. Platforms of the ocean observing system are diversified in order to resolve/monitor the variability occurring at multiple scales in both three-dimensional space and time. Here purpose, development history, and current status of the systems in two kinds - mobile (surface drifter, subsurface float, underwater glider) and fixed platforms (surface and subsurface moorings, bottom mounts), are examined and the increased future uses to produce synergies are envisioned. Simultaneous use of various mobile and fixed platforms is suggested to more effectively design the observing system, with an example of the NSF-funded OOI (Ocean Observations Initiative) program. Efforts are suggested 1) to fill the data gap existing in the deep sea and the Southern Ocean, and toward 2) new global network for oceanic boundary currents, 3) new technologies for existing and new sensors including biogeochemical, acoustic, and optical sensors, 3) data standardization, and 4) sensor calibration and data quality control.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.319-327
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• 2015

This study can be summarized as follows : First, main participant, procedure and method of redevelopment of Inner port shall be additionally reviewed. Demands of stakeholder of Incheon Inner Port are actively accommodated to avoid the disruption in undertaking the project. Second, it must ensure the adequacy and appropriateness of policies regarding the redevelopment of the Inner Port in Incheon. It is necessary to obtain consent of people on this project. Third, appropriate system must be established to undertake the project. For this purpose, the governance system shall be built to collect the opinions of the people. The conclusions of this study are as follows. The national master plan and modify plans of Port redevelopment have been being undertaken based on Port Act. Incheon Inner Port redevelopment has been showing slight discrepancy with that of other ports. It's the essential part to coordinate the opinions and needs between the parties prior to the establishment of a redevelopment plan. This can be settled when it's warranted for dock workers to secure the job, and for port companies to provide replaceable piers as the precondition. In addition, eco-friendly waterfront leisure space shall be planned and alternative policies shall be arranged with accommodating the needs of local residents and merchants.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.41-50
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• 2022

In this paper, a method to directly calculate the major elements of skin color such as melanin and hemoglobin from the RGB signal of the camera is proposed. The main elements of skin color typically measure spectral reflectance using specific equipment, and reconfigure the values at some wavelengths of the measured light. The values calculated by this method include such things as melanin index and erythema index, and require special equipment such as a spectral reflectance measuring device or a multi-spectral camera. It is difficult to find a direct calculation method for such component elements from a general digital camera, and a method of indirectly calculating the concentration of melanin and hemoglobin using independent component analysis has been proposed. This method targets a region of a certain RGB image, extracts characteristic vectors of melanin and hemoglobin, and calculates the concentration in a manner similar to that of Principal Component Analysis. The disadvantage of this method is that it is difficult to directly calculate the pixel unit because a group of pixels in a certain area is used as an input, and since the extracted feature vector is implemented by an optimization method, it tends to be calculated with a different value each time it is executed. The final calculation is determined in the form of an image representing the components of melanin and hemoglobin by converting it back to the RGB coordinate system without using the feature vector itself. In order to improve the disadvantages of this method, the proposed method is to calculate the component values of melanin and hemoglobin in a feature space rather than an RGB coordinate system using a feature vector, and calculate the spectral reflectance corresponding to the skin color using a general digital camera. Methods and methods of calculating detailed components constituting skin pigments such as melanin, oxidized hemoglobin, deoxidized hemoglobin, and carotenoid using spectral reflectance. The proposed method does not require special equipment such as a spectral reflectance measuring device or a multi-spectral camera, and unlike the existing method, direct calculation of the pixel unit is possible, and the same characteristics can be obtained even in repeated execution. The standard diviation of density for melanin and hemoglobin of proposed method was 15% compared to conventional and therefore gives 6 times stable.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.42-51
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• 2000

Purpose: Projection-type Fast Spin Echo (PFSE) imaging is robust to patient motion or flow related artifact compared to conventional Fast Spin Echo (FSE) imaging, however, it has difficulty in controlling $T_2$ contrast. In this paper, Tz contrast in the PFSE method is analyzed and compared with those of the FSE method with various effective echo times by computer simulation. The contrasts in the FSE and PFSE methods are also compared by experiments with volunteers. From the analysis and simulation, it is shown that ${T_2}-weighted$ images can well be obtained by the PFSE method proposed. Materials and methods: Pulse sequence for the PFSE method is implemented at a 1.0 Tesla whole body MRI system and $T_2$ contrasts in the PFSE and FSE methods are analyzed by computer simulation and experiment with volunteers. For the simulation, a mathematical phantom composed of various $T_2$ values is devised and $T_2$ contrast in the reconstructed image by the PFSE is compared to those by the FSE method with various effective echo times. Multi-slice ${T_2}-weighted$ head images of the volunteers obtained by the PFSE method are also shown in comparison with those by the FSE method at a 1.0 Tesla whole body MRI system. Results: From the analysis, $T_2$ contrast by the PFSE method appears similar to those by the FSE method with the effective echo time in a range of SO-lOOms. Using a mathematical phantom, contrast in the PFSE image appears close to that by the FSE method with the effective echo time of 96ms. From experiment with volunteers, multi-slice $T_2-weighted$ images are obtained by the PFSE method having contrast similar to that of the FSE method with the effective echo time of 96ms. Reconstructed images by the PFSE method show less motion related artifact compared to those by the FSE method. Conclusion: The projection-type FSE imaging acquires multiple radial lines with different angles in polar coordinate in k space using multiple spin echoes. The PFSE method is robust to patient motion or flow, however, it has difficulty in controlling $T_2$ contrast compared to the FSE method. In this paper, it is shown that the PFSE method provides good $T_2$ contrast (${T_2}-weighted$ images) similar to the FSE method by both computer simulation and experiments with volunteers.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.175-190
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• 2018

Recently, policy of the marine advanced countries were switched from the preemption using ocean to post-project development. In this study, we suggest improvement and the pending issues when are deducted to the database of the marine spatial information is constructed over the GIS system for the Korean Marine Spatial Planning (KMSP). More than 250 spatial information in the seas of Korea were processed in order of data collection, GIS transformation, data analysis and processing, data grouping, and space mapping. It's process had some problem occurred to error of coordinate system, digitizing process for lack of the spatial information, performed by overlapping for the original marine spatial information, and so on. Moreover, solution is needed to data processing methods excluding personal information which is necessary when produce the spatial data for analysis of the used marine status and minimized method for different between the spatial information based GIS system and the based real information. Therefore, collection and securing system of lacking marine spatial information is enhanced for marine spatial planning. it is necessary to link and expand marine fisheries survey system. It is needed to the marine spatial planning. The marine spatial planning is required to the evaluation index of marine spatial and detailed marine spatial map. In addition, Marine spatial planning is needed to standard guideline and system of quality management. This standard guideline generate to phase for production, processing, analysis, and utilization. Also, the quality management system improve for the information quality of marine spatial information. Finally, we suggest necessity need for the depths study which is considered as opening extension of the marine spatial information and deduction on application model.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.117-131
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• 2007

Representation of building internal space is an active research area as the need for more geometrically accurate and visually realistic increases. 3 dimensional representation is common ground of research for disciplines such as computer graphics, architectural design and engineering and Geographic Information System (GIS). In many cases CAD plans are the starting point of reconstruction of 3D building models. The main objectives of building reconstruction in GIS applications are visualization and spatial analysis. Hence, CAD plans need to be preprocessed and edited to adapt to the data models of GIS SW and then georeferenced to enable spatial analysis. This study automated the preprocessing of CAD data using AutoCAD VBA (Visual Basic Application), and the processed data was topologically restructured for further analysis in GIS environment. Accuracy of georeferencing CAD data was also examined by comparing the results of coordinate transformation by using digital maps and GPS measurements as the sources of ground control points. The reconstructed buildings were then applied to visualization and network modeling.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.158-166
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• 2018

Contrary to urban development, urban regeneration is a process of land development through conservation, restoration, and management. In particular, ecologically based urban regeneration is an attempt to improve the quality of life in an area, establish a stable settlement space, and revitalize the local economy by considering the ecological environment. In this regard, the objectives of this study were to establish theoretical concepts and analyze the successful foreign cases of ecologically based urban regeneration, and propose a direction of socio-economic regeneration along with the physical-environmental regeneration of urban areas in Korea. The study results suggest the following. First, strategies must be developed to coordinate public transportation, such as buses and subways, by considering the importance of bicycle riders, along with the sustainable-commuting system. Second, both the importance of planning parks and trails around water systems in various scales while maintaining the existing natural environment as well as using natural elements, such as electric vehicles and wind-power generation systems, were emphasized. Third, urban regeneration for increased energy efficiency requires specific architectural planning and facilities. Fourth, education and research for easy access by the public, as well as public-private partnership, will be needed in the regeneration process.

• Proceedings of the Korean Radioactive Waste Society Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.321-331
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• 2005

Recently. three-dimensional models have been used for aquatic dispersion of radioactive effluents in relation to nuclear power plant siting based on the Notice No. 2003-12 'Guideline for investigating and assessing hydrological and aquatic characteristics of nuclear facility site' of the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) in Korea. Several nuclear power plants have been under construction or planed. which are Shin-Korl Unit 1 and 2, Shin-Wolsong Unit 1 and 2, and Shln-Ulchin Unit 1 and 2. For assessing the aquatic dispersion of radionuclides released from the above nuclear power plants, it is necessary to know the coastal currents around sites which are affected by circulation of East Sea. In this study, a three dimensional hydrodynamic model for the circulation of the East Sea of Korea has been developed as the first Phase, which Is based on the RIAMOM. The model uses the primitive equation with hydrostatic approximation, and uses Arakawa-B grid system horizontally and Z-coordinate vertically. Model domain is $126.5^{\circ}E\;to\;142.5^{\circ}E$ of east longitude and $33^{\circ}N\;and\;52^{\circ}N$ of the north latitude. The space of the horizontal grid was $1/12^{\circ}$ to longitude and latitude direction and vortical level was divided to 20. This model uses Generalized Arakawa Scheme. Slant Advection, and Mode-Splitting Method. The input data were from JODC, KNFRDI, and ECMWF. The model ing results are in fairly good agreement with schematic patterns of the surface circulation in the East Sea The local current model and aquatic dispersion model of the coastal region will be developed as the second phase. The oceanic dispersion experiments will be also tarried out by using ARGO Drifter around a nuclear pelter plant site.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.37-52
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to elucidate the traits of the spatial orientation of urban residents. The analysis materials are the 110 rough maps which have been collected for the last ten years in Yeonsugu, Incheon metropolitan. The urbanites' spatial orientation are analysed from an aspect of the orientation elements and the orientation frames respectively. As a result, the urban dwellers make use of five elements - path, node, district, landmark, and language clue for their spatial orientation. Again the orientation frames of the urban people are investigated in terms of locating and directing in space. In regard to the former, they tend relatively to depend on horizontal axes based on broad streets and to prefer to position at the center on coordinate system. With reference to the latter, they show to be north-at-the-top directed tendency and to hold higher proportion of exocentric perspective than egocentric. Consequently urban residents tend to form spatial orientation with using five spatial elements, leaning horizontal axis, positioning themselves at the central part of coordinates, directing toward north-at-the-top through exocentric perspective.