• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.261-268
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• 2011

The increasing demand of the crops (soybean and corn) for biofuel production has increased the focus of the animal nutritionists to look for alternative feeds, which are economic and environmental friendly. To identify microalgae as suitable candidate as an alternative feed, growth response of Chlorella vulgaris was studied under varying concentrations of carbon dioxide (0.07, 1.4, 3.0 and 5.0%) and photon densities (39.19, 72.97, 105.41, 116.22, 135.14, $175.68\;{\mu}mol/m^2/s$) by employing a photo-bioreactor. Swine wastewater was also investigated as nutritional source to economize the biomass production. Results showed that the higher biomass production was found to be at 3.0% $CO_2$ compared to other $CO_2$ concentrations. However, no difference in biomass production was found at $105.41\;{\mu}mol/m^2/s$ and above photon densities with 12 h of photoperiodicity. It was observed that C. vulgaris could easily grow in 200 times diluted swine wastewater and growth was found to be similar with that of artificial medium. Provided the conducive conditions for optimal growth, it has also the potentiality of depleting ammonia nitrogen ($NH_4$-N) and orthophosphate ($PO_4^{3-}$-P) completely from the wastewater after 3~4 days of cultivation. Thus, growing C. vulgaris would not only solve the problem of animal feed, but also help in biological $CO_2$ mitigation and wastewater treatment.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제28권8호
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• pp.706-716
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• 1995

This study was undertaken to investigate the influence of age and dietary linolenic acid content and the linolenic acid/linoleic acid (LAN/LA) ratio on the brain lipid composition and membrane-bound enzyme, acetylcholinesterase(AchE) activities. AchE was selected as a test case for the relationship between cell lipid composition and cell membrane function. The male rats were fed diets with 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 of LNA/LA ratio within 8% LNA(H-LNA) or 4% LNA(L-LAN) of total fatty acid content for different feeding period(1, 4, 12 month). The fats used s source were sesame oil, perilla oil, soybean oil and beef tallow. The AchE activity of brain crude synaptosomal fraction was reduced with advancing age, showing 20-30% reduction in 12M compared with 1 M, and the P/C ratio was reduced in old rats. In 1 and 4 monthed rats, AchE activites was higher in H-LAN-0.2 and L-LNA-0.2 and 0.4 group. In accordance with rising of AchE activities was higher in H-LNA-0.2 and L-LNA-0.2 and 0.4 group. In accordance with rising of AchE activities, the PC/PE ratio increasedin those groups. Paricularly in L-LNA, the PC/PE ratio increased as the AchE activites for decline of membrane fluidity with increasing cholesterol and decreasing P/C ratio when rats were old. Also, AchE activity increaed with increasing PC/PE ratio which depended on the dietary LNA/LA ratio within each LNA content. Therefore, it is concluded that the lipid composition of cell membrane influenced the AchE activiteis, which was mediated by aging and the modification of dietary LNA/LA ratio.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.13-17
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• 1985

국내에서 분리된 대두근류균을 생육속도에 따라서 2.4시간의 평균세대시간을 가지는 fast-grower와 13.1시간의 평균세대시간을 가지는 slow-grower로 나눌 수 있었다. Fest-grower는 6-phosogluconate dehydrogenase 효소역가가 slow-grower 보다 높았으며 sucrose를 탄소원으로 이용하였다. Fest-grower 중에서 특히 R4, R278은 NaCl 0.5M농 도에서도 생육하였으며 시험한 대두 근류균은 모두 pH 4.5 이하에서 생육이 저지되었다. 또한 식물배양기 조건하에서 접종실험을 한 결과 시험된 모든 대두품종에 양호하게 근류를 형성하였으며 L-259 (NRRL) 균주에 비해서 0.1-2배의 질소고정력을 나타내었다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.324-332
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• 2016

왕겨를 탄소원으로 사용하여 증균 배양을 실시함으로써 국내 사찰에서 제조된 된장으로부터 xylan 분해능 우수한 균주를 분리하였다. 분리균 YB-1301은 DNA gyrase subunit B 유전자(gyrB)의 염기서열에 근거하여 Bacillus safensis로 동정되었다. B. safensis YB-1301을 밀기울 또는 여러 종류의 xylan들이 첨가된 배지에서 배양하였을 때 xylanase의 생산성이 급격하게 증가되었다. 특히 birchwood xylan이 첨가된 LB 배지에서 플라스크 배양을 하였을 때 최대 340 U/ml 이상의 xylanase 생산성을 보였다. Xylan이 첨가되지 않은 LB 배지에서는 매우 소량의 xylanase가 균의 성장과 연계되어 항시적으로 생산되지만, xylan이 첨가된 배지에서는 정지기 생육단계에서 xylanase의 생산이 크게 유도되었다. 더구나 xylanase 생합성은 가수분해되지 않은 xylan 보다 xylan의 효소적 가수분해 산물에 의해 더 빠르게 유도되었다. 또한 B. safensis YB-1301의 배양상등액에 존재하는 xylanase는 55℃와 pH 6.5−7.0의 반응조건에서 최대활성을 나타냈다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.118-127
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• 1973

인산감수성(燐酸感受性)이 서로다른 여섯개 대두품종(大豆品種)(Lee, Hill, R56-49, Harosoy, Clark-63, Chippewa)을 암모늄 태(態), 초산태(硝酸態) 및 요소태(尿素態)의 질소원(窒素源)을 사용(使用)하여 인산감수성(燐酸感受性)에 대(對)한 질소원(窒素源)의 영향(影響)을 조사(調査)하였다. 암모늄태(態)나 요소태(尿素態) 배양(培養)에서의 생육저해(生育沮害)는 인산감수성(燐酸感受性)이 클수록 증가하여 인산감수성(燐酸感受性) 의 대두(大豆)는 암모늄태(態) 질소(窒素)에도 감수성(感受性)인 것을 보였다. 감수성(感受性)인 Clark-63은 내성(耐性)인 Lee 보다 암모늄태(態) 질소배양(窒素培養)에서 두배나 생육(生育)이 저지(沮止)되었다. 이들 결과(結果)는 인산감수성(燐酸感受性)이 질소대사(窒素代射)와 암모늄 독장용(毒作俑)에 밀접(密接)히 관련(關聯)되어 있음을 강력(强力)히 시사(示唆)하는 것이다. 질소원(窒素源)은 각(各) 기관(器官)의 발육(發育)이 달리 작용(作俑)하여 특이한 형태적(形態的) 생육양상(生育樣相)(초산태(硝酸態)에서 단간다지(短稈多枝), 암모늄태(態)에서 장간무지(長稈無枝), 요소태(尿素態)에서 낮은 지상부근중비(地上部根重比))을 보였다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.518-528
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• 1992

본 연구는 암의 예방에 관한 효과적인 영양프로그램을 계획하기 위해 한국의 젊은 부모들이 현재 가지고 있는 식사와 암에 대한 개념들을 조사하였다. 10살 미만의 자녀를 가진 1명이상 가진 부모 14명을 In-depth 인터뷰 하였다. 대부분 조사대상자들은 식사 또는 식품이 암의 발병에 연관 있음을 인식하고 있었으나 몇몇 조사대상자들은 식사 또는 식품이 암의 발병 위험율을 감소 시킬수 있다고 믿고 있었다. 그들은 또한 육류, Smoked meat, cured meat, Processed food, 지방은 발병 위험율을 증가시키고 채소와 과일은 감소시킨다고 믿고 있었다. 조리법 중 grilling 또는 barbecuing은 암의 발병위험율을 증가 시키는 요인으로 인식되었다. 몇몇 조사대상자들은 특정한 영양소(Zn,Se)또는 식품들(된장, 버섯, 마늘, 인삼 등)이 발병률을 감소시킨다고 믿고 있었다. 대부분 조사대상자들은 20대와 30대가 암의 예방을 위해 중요한 시기라고 인식하고 있었으며 신문, 잡지, 라디오, TV가 건강과 영양에 대한 정보를 얻는 중요한 매체이었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.716-723
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• 2006

A biosurfactant-producing bacterial strain was selected from oil-contaminated soil because of its ability to degrade crude oil and tributyrin $(C_{4:0})$. The strain was identified as Bacillus subtilis A8-8 based on its morphological, biochemical, and physiological characteristics. When B. subtilis A8-8 was grown with crude oil as the sole carbon source, the biosurfactant from the strain emulsified crude oil, vegetable oil, and hydrocarbons. Soybean oil was the optimum substrate for the emulsifying activity and emulsion stability of the biosurfactant, both of which were superior to those of several commercially available surfactants. The biosurfactant was purified by a procedure including HCl precipitation, methanol treatment, and silica-gel chromatography. The partially purified biosurfactant was analyzed by TLC (thin-layer chromatography), SDS-PAGE, and HPLC and it reduced the surface tension of water from 72 mN/m to 26 mN/m at a concentration of 30 mg/l. Therefore, the purified lipopeptide biosurfactant has strong properties as an emulsifying agent and acts as an emulsion-stabilizing agent.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.159-165
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• 2015

The cultivation area and use of genetically modified (GM) crops have been increased continuously over the world and concerns about the potential risks of GM crops are also increasing. One of the major concern in risk assessment is the possible development of hybrids through interspecific and intergeneric crosses with related species. This study was conducted to investigate the pollinator have an influence on insect-mediated gene transfer from GM soybeans. Hybrid was induced from GM soybeans by honeybee and western flower thrips, and non-GM soybeans were used as pollen receptor. The analysis for gene-flow was conducted by herbicide selection, immunostrip test, and PCR analysis. In the result of the analysis, three hybrids were detected on the distance 15, 75, 105 cm from pollen source in western flower thrips treatment. In honeybee treatment, one hybrid was detected in the farthest distance (300 cm). These results suggested honeybee and western flower thrips have a possibility they can transfer the introduced gene from GM soybeans to non-GM soybeans.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.347-354
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• 2015

This study evaluated whether dietary supplementation of tapioca could alleviate the negative effects of palm kernel meal (PKM) on growth performance and meat quality in growing and finishing pigs. In experiment 1, 120 73-dold crossbred growing pigs [$(Yorkshire{\times}Landrace){\times}Duroc$], with an average body weight of $31.7{\pm}4.5kg$, were used in a 3-week trial. In experiment 2, 120 108-d-old crossbred finishing pigs [$(Yorkshire{\times}Landrace){\times}Duroc$], with an average BW of $52.6{\pm}4.2kg$ were used in a 10-week trial. Treatments were: CON, a corn-soybean meal-based diet; PKM, 8% PKM, and TPKM, 8% PKM and 10% tapioca. No difference was observed in growth performance or meat quality among treatments in growing pigs. In finishing pigs, no difference was observed in growth performance or meat quality among CON and TPKM dietary treatments. Finishing pigs fed PKM decreases in final BW and ADG compared with those fed CON. Meat quality was not affected by dietary treatments. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of tapioca alleviated anti-nutritional effect of PKM on growth performance in growing and finishing pigs. Thus, the PKM with tapioca could be an available alternative energy source to reduce the cost of pig diets.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.87-98
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• 2002

This study was conducted to determine nutritional values of different sources of food residues(FR) released in autumn and to compare them with nutrient requirements on NRC standard feeding system of swine. Hospital or cafeteria FR contained more cooked rice and side dishes residues and less vegetable residues and fruit peel, resulting in higher energy and lower fiber contents, compared to apartment complex FR, which had opposite patterns to these results. Chemical composition between hospital and cafeteria FR was almost similar. Salt(NaCl) content was more than 9 folds of NRC swine requirement, but much lower than the maximum tolerant level. Essenial and non-essential amino acids profile was similar among FR sources. Hospital or cafeteria FR protein had a similar pepsin digestibility to soybean meal protein. Apartment complex FR protein, however, had a much lower pepsin digestibility. When NRC nutrient requirements are considered, FR in swine diets could satisfy requirements of protein and all the essential amino acids, 75${\sim}$111% of digestible or metabolizable energy, and most of the major and minor minerals. All the FR contained extremely low levels of toxic heavy metals, indicating that they are completely safe from these toxic substances. It was concluded that hospital or cafeteria FR could be a nutritionally excellent and balanced feed source for swine.