• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.439-447
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• 2010

Riptortus clavatus, one of the many insects in major crops, damages pods and seeds, which reduces seed vigor and viability in soybeans. This study was conducted to examine the effect of diversely damaged seeds by R. clavatus on seed germination and seedling emergence and to determine the association of damaged seed with quality and yield of soybean sprouts. All seeds damaged by R. clavatus significantly (P<0.05) reduced seed vigor as measured by the rates of seed germination, germination speed, and seedling emergence. Mean seed germination rate of non-damaged seeds in sprout-soybean varieties was 97.8%, whereas the rates of seeds damaged at different levels, 31-50% and 51-80%, were 23.0 and 5.4%, respectively. The rates of seedling rot and abnormal, incomplete germination significantly (P<0.05) increased as the amount of seeds damaged by R. clavatus increased to 5, 10 and 15% against the total seeds for sprout production. Yield of soybean sprouts from seeds damaged at different levels decreased up to 13% as compared to that in normal seeds. In customer preferences on soybean sprout produce, 84% of customers participated in survey preferred to purchase sprouts from seeds with 5% of damaged seeds, but sprouts produced from seeds with 15% of damaged seeds were intended to purchase only by 22% of the customers. Areas of the seed damaged by R. clavatus were readily infected by pathogens as the seed germinated, resulted in deteriorated quality and reduced yield of sprout produce.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.69-73
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• 1969

In order to improve nearly unarable soils, poor in humus and poorly drained coarse textured, derived from fluvio marine deposit; a factorial experiment have been conducted to find out the influence of compost, increased potassium application and split application of potassium on the yield and germination of soybean variety Haman. The result obtained arid discussed may be summarized as follows. (1) The soybean yield increase was significant by the application of compost, increased amount of potassium and split application of potassium. (2) The application of compost significantly increased the numbers of germination. (3) The increased amount of potash and split application of potash fertilizer showed an apparent effect on the increase of germination and grain numbers per plant. (4) There was a positive relation between the number of grains per plant and the number of pods per plant, however, the increased numbers of pods per plant has not a direct effect for the increase of soybean yield per unit area. (5) Above results suggests that the improvement of nearly unarable Woolsuk Island soils derived from fluvio marine coarse material may be possible by the application of compost, increased amount and split application of potash fertilizer.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.258-262
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• 2007

The study was conducted to evaluate the performance of the popular isoflavone-rich soybean 'agakong' in upland and in drained-paddy fields. Analysis revealed no significant variation in terms of plant height, number of seeds per pod, number of nodes, and 100-seed weight between the two cropping system. Number of pods was significantly higher in paddy field(234.2kg 10a$^{-1}$) compared to those harvested in the upland field, which was later manifested on the yield where paddy soybeans obtained 278.1kg 10a$^{-1}$ whereas upland only obtained 179.3kg 10a$^{-1}$. This observed difference in yield was attributed to the observed higher amount of N in the paddy soil (0.907%) as compared to the upland soil (0.458%). In terms of nutritional content, protein and phytic acid contents were the only parameters that showed significant differences while oil, sugar, reducing power and fatty acids were all comparable in paddy and filed condition. Protein content was higher in upland soil (47.4%) than that of the paddy (44.9%) soil. On the opposite, phytic acid was higher in paddy (2.90%) than in upland (1.09%). This study showed that the yield of soybean is generally a factor of soil N, drained-paddy field production of soybean is comparable to upland-filed production with the benefit of increasing phytic acid content while maintaining its nutritional value.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.32 no.11
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• pp.1435-1446
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• 2022

Zinc-solubilizing bacteria can convert the insoluble form of zinc into soluble forms available to plants. This study was conducted to isolate and screen zinc-solubilizing actinobacteria from rhizosphere soils and to assess their effect on vegetable soybean growth. In total, 200 actinobacteria strains belonging to 10 genera were isolated from rhizosphere soil samples. Among these isolates, four showed zinc solubilization with solubilizing index values ranging from 3.11 to 3.78 on Bunt and Rovira agar supplemented with 0.1% zinc oxide. For the quantitative assay, in broth culture, strains CME34 and EX51 solubilized maximum available zinc contents of 529.71 and 243.58 ㎍/ml. Furthermore, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and ammonia were produced by these two strains, the strain CME34 produced the highest amount of IAA 4.62 ㎍/ml and the strain EX51 produced the highest amount of ammonia 361.04 ㎍/ml. In addition, the phosphate-solubilizing abilities in Pikovskaya's medium of CME34 and EX51 were 64.67 and 115.67 ㎍/ml. Based on morphological and biochemical characterization and 16S rDNA sequencing, the strains CME34 and EX51 were closely related to the genus Streptomyces. In a greenhouse experiment, single-strain inoculation of Streptomyces sp. CME34 or EX51 significantly increased the shoot length, root length, plant dry weight, number of pods per plant and number of seeds per plant of vegetable soybean plants compared to the uninoculated control. These findings facilitated the conclusion that the two Streptomyces strains have potential as zinc solubilizers and can be suggested as bioinoculants to promote the growth and yield of soybean.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.351-357
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• 1983

To study the relationships between soybean seed yield and meteorological elements, the investigation into the important agronomic characters of Bongeui cultivar and climatic factors such as precipitation, rainy days, and temperature from 1970 to 1981 was made. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1) Coefficients of variabilities for pod-filling rate, seed yield, number of pods per plant, and seed weight were about 38%, 30%, 30%, and 5.5%, respectively. 2) Weather conditions mainly in July and August influenced soybean production. Particularly, high temperature played an important role in soybean yield reduction. 3) Correlation coefficients between maximum, minimum, or average temperature of July (and, in the case of August, maximum temperature only) and yield or seed weight, and between those of August and podfilling rate were significantly negative. 4) Regression equations between average temperature of July or maximum temperature of August and yield were Y=-42.46X +1200.86 and Y=-37.95X + 1210.42, respectively. 5) High temperature during the flowering stage affected soybean seed yield reduction significantly.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.138-151
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• 1989

In order to find the effects of seed size on the early seedling growth and yield of soybean, three soybean cultivars in Korea were investigated. Seed size was classified into large and small according to the weight and planted in pots(1/5000a) and in the field. Three soybean cultivars respresenting large, medium and small grains were Hwangkeum-kong, Kwangkyo and Bangsa-kong respectively. These cultivars were planted on June 20, 1987. 1. The plant height, stem diameter, root length and leaf area index(LAI) of the seed with large size seemed larger than the seed with small size regardless of cultivars. 2. The fresh and dry weight were different depending upon the grain sizes. The large grain had heavier fresh and dry weight than the small grains. 3. The protein consumption rate of the cotyledon of Bangsa-kong with small grain size was faster than the Hwangkeum-kong with large grain size. 4. The stem length, stem diameter and number of main stem node of the seed with large size seemed larger than the seed with small size. Large grains of Hwangkeum-kong were the highest in the number of branch node and number of node. 5. The number of pods and grains per plant of Bangsa-kong with small grain size was larger than the Kwangkyo with large grain size. 6. The yield per 10a for Hwangkeum-kong, Hwangkyo and Bangsa-kong were 226.3kg, 193.0kg and 192.8kg, respectively and they were all statistically different. The yield increases of large grains over small grains in the Hwangkeum-kong, Kwangkyo, and Bangsa-kong were 7.4%, 8.0% and 9.2%, respectively.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.723-730
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• 1995

Effects of leaf and pod removal on changes in dry weight and protein content of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivar 'Hwangkeumkong' were measured at the research farm of Korea University in 1992. The upper 40% and lower 60% of leaves and pods were subjected to treatments at the growth stage of beginning pod(R3). Leaf dry weight of lower part was increased by upper leaf-lower pod removal, but seed dry weight of upper part was decreased. The upper leaf-lower pod removal also increased stem dry weight and decreased upper pod dry weight. Protein content was higher in lower leaves than upper leaves. Seed protein contents were decreased both upper leaf-lower pod removal and lower leaf-upper pod removal treatments. The upper leaf-lower pod removal showed the highest leaf and the lowest seed protein quantities among the five treatments. These results indicated that protein sources were moved from lower to upper parts but weak in remobilization from leaves for the long distance translocation during the reproductive growth period of soybean plants.an plants.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 1989

Three growth regulators, TIBA (2. 3. 5-Triiodobenzoic acid). ABA(Abscisic acid) and DGLP were sprayed on soybean plants sown on April 25 and May 10 to investigate those effect on growth and yield of Hwangkeumkong cultivar. TIBA or ABA reduced stem length. and lodging. however. increased stem diamater podding rate. number of pods and seeds per plant, and seed yield. Among 3 growth regulators TIBA was most effective to healthy growth and to increase of seed yield. Optimum treatment method for healthy plant growth and higher grain yield was 2-3 times spray with 5-day interval from 6 leaf stage (V6) of soybean plants. Soybean seed yield in the plot of TIBA treatment with 3 times from 6 leaf stage was 20% higher both in early and ordinary seeding field than those of non-treatment plots.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.167-172
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• 1986

This experiment was carried out to obtain some information about the growth habit and morphological and anatomical characteristics of fasciated soybean, var. Buchai-kong. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Main stern of fasciated soybean, var. Buchai-kong was gradually broadened and became flat, on which leaves emerged irregularly compared with normal soybean, var. Danyeop-kong. The number of leaves on main stern was more in Buchai-kong, but the total number of leaves per plant was not considerably different each other. 2. The degree of fasciation (max./min. in diameter at the broadened part) in main stern of Buchai-kong was about 3.1, and was related to the amount of growth of main stern and branches of Danyeop-kong. Stern fasciation types found in Buchai-kong were linear (the most common) and bifurcated with regard to branching of main stern tip. 3. The number of branches per plant was much less in Buchai-kong than in Danyeop-kong. There were fas-ciated branches and fasciated petiole in Buchai-kong. 4. About 75 percent of pods of Buchai-kong were concentrated on the top of stern, which showed strong pod clustering. 5. Seed yield per plant of Buchai-kong was about 60 percent of that of Danyeop-kong, and the decrease in seed yield was mostly affected by the decrease in seed weight and seeds per pod. 6. The number of vascular bundles of transection of mature stern was more in Buchai-kong, but Danyeop-kong developed the better vascular bundle.