• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.606-614
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• 2004

This study was conducted to investigate the attitude to various soy foods and to estimate dietary isoflavone intake among Korean adolescents. The survey was carried out by self-administered questionnaire with 800 middle and high school students residing in urban and rural areas and 714 questionnaires were collected: resulting in 89% response rate. The dietary isoflavone intake was estimated by food frequency questionnaire developed for rapid assessment of isoflavone intake. Soybean paste, soybean curd, soy milk, bean sprouts and dambuk were recognized as nutritious and healthy food in order. Dambuk got the lowest score in taste and flavor. Bean sprouts, soybean curd and soybean paste were recognized as familiar food in order. Stuffed rice in fried soybean curd got the highest score and Miso soup got the lowest in preference. More than 50% of the subjects consumed soybean paste stew/soup and soybean curd over twice per week and 12.3% of the subjects consumed soybean over once a day. The estimated daily intake of isoflavones ranged from 0 to 227 mg, and the mean daily isoflavone intake of the subjects was 28.1 mg (16.3 mg genistein and 12.0 mg daidzein) whereas the median value of isoflavone intake was 19.7 mg. There was statistically significant relationship among Kyung Gi Do, Chung cheung Do and Seoul residents in their intake of isoflavone. The highest monthly income group consumed isoflavone more than the other groups. These results suggest that Korean adolescent perceived the soybean dishes as high quality foods but they didn't take much because of difficulty to cook or less chance to eat. Nutrition education program is needed to enhance consuming soy foods for prevention of chronic diseases related to dietary isoflavone intake. More detailed information on easy cook method of soy food is also needed.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.136-141
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• 1997

한국의 전통 발효식품인 된장에서 단백질 분해효소를 분비하는 미생물의 존재를 규명하기 위해, skim milk 한천배지를 이용하여 투명환을 보이는 균주들을 얻었고, 각종 생리 및 생화학적 검사, VITEK system, MIDI system을 통해 이들 중, JH-1, SH-5, SH-7의 3 strain이 Bacillus cereus임을 동정하였다. JH-1과 SH-5 균주가 분비하는 단백질 분해효소는 pH 9와 40^{\circ}C.$에서 최적활성을 보였으며, SH-7 균주는 pH 8과 50^{\circ}C.$에서 최적활성을 보였다. 또한 이들 3균주는 blood agar plate에서 용혈능력을 보였다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.371-377
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• 2013

자운영 포장에서 알팔파바구미 성충의 발생양상과 1세대 성충의 밭작물 유식물에 대한 기주선호성을 조사하였다. 자운영 포장에서 포충망에 의한 알팔파바구미의 월동 성충은 3월 하순부터 발생하기 시작하여 4월 중순에 피크를 나타내었으며, 1세대 성충은 4월 하순부터 발생하기 시작하여 5월 하순에 피크를 나타내었다. 하지만 월동 성충의 발생량은 매우 적었고, 1세대 성충의 발생량은 매우 많았으나, 연차간 변이가 심하였다. 온실에서 배추 및 콩 등 11종의 유식물에 대한 알팔파바구미 1세대 성충의 7일 차 발생충수는 배추>콩>케일 순으로 유의하게 많았으며, 조, 땅콩, 기장, 가지 및 상추에서 매우 적었고, 옥수수, 쑥갓, 수수에서는 전혀 발생하지 않았다. 7일 차 유식물의 피해주율도 배추(60.0%)>콩(50.0%)>케일(30.0%)>조(16.7%), 기장(13.3%)>상추(3.3%) 순으로 유의하게 심하였다. 한편, 자운영포장에서 11종의 유식물에 대한 7일 차 피해주율은 배추(46.7%), 콩(43.3%)>케일(23.3%)>조(13.3%), 기장(13.3%) 순으로 유의하게 심하여 온실에서의 결과와 같은 경향을 나타내었다. 따라서 알팔파바구미의 기주선호성은 녹비작물포장 주변에서 밭작물의 안전한 재배를 위한 작물선택의 참고자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.351-359
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• 2015

Twelve multiparous Holstein dairy cows in mid-lactation were selected for a replicated $4{\times}4$ Latin square design with a $2{\times}2$ factorial arrangement to investigate the effects of corn and soybean meal (SBM) types on rumen fermentation, N metabolism and lactation performance in dairy cows. Two types of corn (dry ground [DGC] and steam-flaked corn [SFC]) and two types of SBM (solvent-extracted and heat-treated SBM) with different ruminal degradation rates and extents were used to formulate four diets with the same basal ingredients. Each period lasted for 21 days, including 14 d for adaptation and 7 d for sample collection. Cows receiving SFC had a lower dry matter (DM) and total N intake than those fed DGC. However, the milk yield and milk protein yield were not influenced by the corn type, resulting in higher feed and N utilization efficiency in SFC-fed cows than those receiving DGC. Ruminal acetate concentrations was greater and total volatile fatty acids concentrations tended to be greater for cows receiving DGC relative to cows fed SFC, but milk fat content was not influenced by corn type. The SFC-fed cows had lower ruminal ammonia-N, less urea N in their blood and milk, and lower fecal N excretion than those on DGC. Compared with solvent-extracted SBM-fed cows, cows receiving heat-treated SBM had lower microbial protein yield in the rumen, but similar total tract apparent nutrient digestibility, N metabolism measurements, and productivity. Excessive supply of metabolizable protein in all diets may have caused the lack of difference in lactation performance between SBM types. Results of the present study indicated that increasing the energy degradability in the rumen could improve feed efficiency, and reduce environmental pollution.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권7호
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• pp.957-964
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• 2011

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of fermented soybean meal (FSBM) on the level of cortisol hormone and immune-related serum proteins in weaned calves after experimentally induced lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. Holstein neonatal calves (n = 21; 8 males and 13 females, BW = $42.2{\pm}6.15$ kg) were randomly allocated to one of two dietary treatments: SBM (control calf starter having soybean meal (SBM) as a main protein source) and FSBM (substitute SBM in control diet with FSBM) groups. All calves were fed milk replacer using an automatic milk-feeder according to step-down milking method and weaned at 7 weeks old. Experimental diets were given to calves ad libitum throughout the experimental period. For LPS challenge, all calves except negative control animals given phosphate buffered saline (PBS), were injected subcutaneously with Salmonella typhimurium LPS on day 7 (D7) after weaning (D0). No significant difference in growth performance and milk intake was observed between SBM and FSBM calves. Feeding FSBM diet resulted in significantly (p<0.05) higher LPS-specific IgG at D12 and D19 and LPS-specific IgA at D19 in peripheral blood. Calves fed with FSBM diet also had significantly (p<0.05) higher concentration of serum haptoglobin (Hp) at D8. Overall concentration of cortisol in FSBM group was considerably lower than that of SBM group. Results from current study indicate that FSBM may provide beneficial effects in alleviating weaning stress and enhance immune status of weaned calves.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.231-236
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• 1978

탈지대두박(脫脂大豆粕)으로부터 대두유(大豆乳)를 제조(製造)하여 젖산 발효 대두유(大豆乳)의 응고(凝固) 조건(條件)과 효소(酵素) 처리(處理)한 cheese를 숙성(熟成)시키면서 숙성(熟成) 중(中)의 변화(變化)를 검토하여 다음과 같은 결론(結論)을 얻었다. 1. Streptococcus lactis YUFE L-4를 사용(使用)한 대두유(大豆乳)의 젖산 발효는 다른 탄소원을 가하지 않아도 생육(生育)이 잘되었으므로 $37^{\circ}C$에서 4시간(時間) 동안 대두유(大豆乳)만을 사용(使用)하여 발효 대두유를 제조하였다. 2. $MgCl_2{\cdot}6H_2O$와 $CaCl_2$를 응고제로 사용할 경우, 최적응고 농도는 각각 0.0125M, 0.0375M (final concentration)이었다. 3. 응고(凝固) 반응(反應) 시간(時間)검토 결과, $MgCl_2{\cdot}6H_2O,\;CaCl_2$ 모두 30분(分)이 적당하였다. 4. 응고(凝固) 온도(溫度)는 $MgCl_2{\cdot}6H_2O$가 $70^{\circ}C$에서 $CaCl_2$가 $50^{\circ}C$에서 최대(最大)의 응고력(凝固力)을 나타내었다. 5. 6주일(週日) 숙성(熟成) 후(後), 최종 수분 함량은 $63{\sim}65%$이었으며 수용성(水溶性) 질소(窒素) 함량(含量)과 10% TCA 가용성(可溶性) 질소(窒素) 함량(含量)은 Mucor rennet을 사용(使用)한 것보다 Asp. saitoi protease를 사용(使用)한 것이 각각 50.5%, 27.5%로 상당히 높게났으나 cheese의 맛, 조직 색깔등을 고려하여 볼 때 Mucor rennet을 사용하는 것이 바람직 하였다.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.164-179
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• 2002

A survey was conducted to examine the food intake of 285 Korean female students attending a secondary school in Seoul. Food intake was assessed using a food frequency based on the Korean Food Tower which consists of five food groups, i.e., grain products, vegetables and fruits, meat, milk, and fats and sweets. To describe food intake descriptive statistics were obtained using SPSS. The food frequency analysis indicated that the participants ate rice, cabbage kimchi, radish, and soybean/red pepper paste most frequently along with milk, ice cream, tea, and seasonal fruits such as citrus fruits, apples, watermelon, and grapes for snacks. Distributions of the total standardized serving frequency for each food group indicated that approximately 84, 83, 45, 60, and 34%, respectively, of the respondents met the recommended serving frequency for grain products, vegetables and fruits, meat, milk, and fats and sweets groups(mean servings per day 5.5, 10.6, 5.5, 2.1, 3.5). Income was the only demographic factor that affected food intake, particularly with respect to meat, milk, and fats and sweets(p < .01). In Korea, these food groups are generally more expensive than the other ones. (J Community Nutrition 4(3) : 164∼179, 2002)

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.81-94
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• 1999

As the elderly population has increased in the advanced countries, food intake, relationship of nutrient intake and disease has become major problem in the aged. To investigate the dietary behaviors and the preference of food of the elderly for developing meal planning, the study was conducted through survey questionnaires including 24-hr dietary recall, dietary behaviors, food preference and frequency of food intake to 352 elderly (104 male and 248 female) who were more than 60 years old and living in Seoul. Most of subjects ate three meals regulary and the most preferred taste was sweet and the less preferred taste was sour. Dietary behaviors according to educational level were shown that the skipping meal time and duration time of one meal were significant difference in educational level. Most of the elderly subjects like kimchi and soybean paste soup. The more educated elderly were preferred milk. The reason of dislike of milk was bad flavor and diarrhea. Most of them who graduated from university and high school selected fishes because of good for health primary, otherwise no educated, elementary school and middle school graduated elderly selected vegetables primary. Meats, fishes, seaweeds, mushrooms, fruits, milk and milk products, eggs and vegetables intakes of total elderly subjects were significantly positively related to educational level. With respect to milk and milk products intakes, cheese, yogurt (curd) and milk intake of elderly was significantly negatively related to age. Therefore education for developing desirable dietary behaviors and improving the meal patterns should be in forced to elderly, especially who had poor educational background in order to manage the meal planning and to care for their health in the later life.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권8호
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• pp.1095-1104
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• 2015

To evaluate the effects of the pelleting and the addition of sodium monensin on production, the chemical and lipid composition of milk and butter physical characteristics, 4 Holstein dairy cows (135 days of lactation) with an average milk production of 14.7 kg/d, were supplemented with a concentrate containing ground canola seeds. The cows were assigned to a $4{\times}4$ Latin square design with a $2{\times}2$ factorial arrangement of treatments: i) ground maize, soybean meal, mineral and vitamin supplements, and ground canola seeds (CG); ii) CG concentrate with 31.5 mg of monensin added per kg of dry matter (DM); iii) CG pelleted concentrate; iv) CG concentrate with monensin addition pelleted. There was no difference in milk production and composition. The addition of monensin increased milk concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), the PUFA/saturated fatty acids (SFA) ratio, and omega 6. The pelleting increased the concentration of monounsaturated fatty acids, the PUFA/SFA ratio, and the omega 6/omega 3 ratio, but decreased the concentration of SFA. The association between pelleting and the addition of monensin increased the concentration of conjugated linoleic acids by 46.9%. The physical characteristics of butter were not affected by the evaluated diets. We concluded that the concentrate with 31.5 mg of monensin added per kg DM basis combined with the pelleting improves the lipid composition of milk from Holstein cows that are on pasture and supplemented with ground canola seeds, without changing the production, milk composition, and spreadability of butter.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.319-330
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• 2009

This study investigated the field application and the acceptance test of the meal service for the elderly (${\ge}$ 65 years) community halls in Jeonnam and Gyeongbuk. The acceptance scores of bean rice and glutinous rice were the highest among the tested cooked rice varieties in Jeonnam and in Gyeongbuk, respectively (P<0.05). The acceptance scores of tofu soybean paste soup and spinach bean paste soup were the highest among different soups, in Jeonnam and Gyeongbuk, respectively. The scores of menu 5 (bean rice, tofu and bean paste soup, pan-fried pork, green laver salad, kimchi, soy milk) and menu 1 (cereal rice, fermented soy bean soup, hard-boiled quail's egg, crown daisy salad, kimchi, mandarin) were the highest in Jeonnam and Gyeongbuk, respectively, in terms of overall acceptance (P<0.05). The average cost of each meal in two provinces was $2012{\pm}323$ won. The amount of leftovers from menu 5 (Bean rice, Tofu and soybean paste soup, Pan-fried pork, Seasoned green laver, Kimchi, Soy milk) was the lowest in Jeonnamin, while the one from menu 2 (rice, leaf beet and soybean paste soup, sated vegetables with potato noodle, hard-boiled potato, kimchi, cherry tomato) was the lowest in Gyeongbuk.