• 제목/요약/키워드: soybean fermentation

검색결과 634건 처리시간 0.026초

Characterization of Mucilage Produced from the Solid-state Fermentation of Soybean Grit by Bacillus firmus

  • Jang, Eun-Kyung;Seo, Ji-Hyun;Park, Seung-Chun;Yoo, Byoung-Seung;Lee, Sam-Pin
    • Food Science and Biotechnology
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    • 제16권5호
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    • pp.722-727
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    • 2007
  • Mucilage containing ${\gamma}-polyglutamic$ acid (PGA) was efficiently generated by the solid-state fermentation (SSF) of soybean grit by Bacillus firmus NA-1. B. firmus NA-1 was shown to be a glutamate-dependent strain for PGA production. The SSF of soybean grit was optimized in order to produce mucilage with a fortification of 5% glutamate, resulting in higher levels of mucilage production (6.14%) and a higher consistency index ($1.1\;Pa\;sec^n$). The sticky mucilage was comprised of 38% PGA, 7% levan, and some biopolymers. With regard to the viscoelastic properties of the mucilage solution, the viscous modulus (G") obtained from soybean grit fortified with 5% glutamate was approximately 64 times higher titan that of the mucilage solution obtained without glutamate. Although the addition of glutamate in the SSF of soybean grit influenced the rate of PGA production, the molecular weight of PGA remained unaltered, and was detected in a range between 1,400-1,440 kDa.

대두의 발효에 따른 $\alpha$-Galactosidase활성 및 Stachyose, Raffinose 함량 변화 (The Changes of $\alpha$-galactosidase Activities and Stachyose and Raffinose Contents During Fermentation of Soybeans)

  • 김정수;윤선
    • 한국식품조리과학회지
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    • 제14권5호
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    • pp.509-512
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    • 1998
  • 본 연구는 콩이 발효에 의해 메주, 된장으로 가공되면서 장내 가스 발생 인자인 stachyose, raffinose의 함량 변화와 $\alpha$-galactosidase의 활성 변화를 살펴보기 위하여 수행되었다. Stachyose, raffinose는 각각 콩 31.8239 mg/g, 2.6914 mg/g, 메주 4.2217 mg/g, 1.7413 mg/g, 숙성 된장 2.1184mg/g, trace로 나타나 대두 발효 과정에 따라 감소하였다. $\alpha$-Galactosidase 활성은 콩 14.5954 units/mg protein, 메주 13.1489 units/mg protein으로 차이가 적었으나 된장에서는 1.9157 units/mg protein으로 나타나 현격한 감소 양상을 보였다.

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콩잎 김치의 숙성에 미치는 소금농도의 효과 (Effect of Salt Concentration on Soybean Leaf Kimchi Fermentation)

  • 이숙희;최동진;김종국
    • 한국식품저장유통학회지
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    • 제10권4호
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    • pp.512-516
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    • 2003
  • 콩잎김치의 소금농도별 저온에서의 숙성효과를 시기별로 조사하였다. 그 결과 숙성이 진행됨에 따라 pH가 점차로 낮아지고 산가는 증가하였다. 소금농도 1.5% 처리한 콩잎김치에서 가장 빨리 pH가 저하하였다. 염농도 측정에서 처리한 소금농도별로 염농도가 높았으며, 숙성 8일경에 모든 처리에서 염농도가 급격히 증가하였으며 그 이후에는 안정적 양상을 보였다. 소금농도별 미생물상 변화에서 총균수는 숙성이 진행됨에 따라 증가하였다가 감소한 후 일정한 경향을 유지하였고, 젖산균은 숙성되면서 발효 시작시에 현저한 증가를 보인 후 큰 변화 없이 일정한 양상을 유지하는 경향이었으며 처리한 소금농도가 높을수록 발효후기에 젖산속 균의 생육이 활발하였다 소금농도 3.0% 혹은 4.5% 처리한 콩잎김치에서 관능평가 결과 좋은 점수를 받았으며 냄새에서는 좋은 평가를 받았다. 또한 짠맛에서도 보통에 가까운 점수를 받았다.

제조 원료를 달리한 된장의 숙성중 당과 지방산 조성의 변화 (Compositions of Sugars and Fatty Acids in Soybean Paste (Doenjang) Prepared with Different Microbial Sources)

  • 박정숙;이명렬;이택수
    • 한국식품영양과학회지
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    • 제24권6호
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    • pp.917-924
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    • 1995
  • 재리식 메주, 고오지, 나토 메주, 고오지와 나토의 혼용 메주로 담금한 된장의 일반성분 유리당 및 지방산 조성은 다음과 같다. 조단백질은 10.3~14.6%로 재래식 메주 사용의 된장과 나토된장이 높았고 고오지 된장이 낮았다. 수분은 46.9~54.5% 범위로 숙성과정 중 다소 증가하였고 나토된장이 많았다. 에틸알코올은 숙성 75일 까지는 고오지와 나토의 혼용 된장에서 높았으나 숙성 90일에 고오지 된장이 2.8%로 최대치를 보였다.총당과 환원당은 숙성기간의 경과에 따라 감소하였으며 이들 당 함량은 고오지 된장, 고오지와 나토의 혼용된장, 재래식 메주사용의 된장, 나토된장의 순으로 높았다. 된장의 유리당으로 glucose, galactose, mannose, arabinose가 동정되었으며 이중 glucose, galactose가 타유리당 보다 많았다. 숙성 90일 후에는 glucose나 총 유리당 함량은 재래식 메주로 담근 된장에서 높았고, galactose는 고오지 된장에서 높았다. 된장의지방산으로 palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic, arachidonic acid가 분리되었고, 이 중 oleic acid가 38.5~46.9%로 시험된장 모두에서 많은 비율로 나타났다. 그러나 숙성기간이나 시험구에 따른 지방산 조성 비율은 뚜렸한 차이가 없었다.

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Aspergillus Associated with Meju, a Fermented Soybean Starting Material for Traditional Soy Sauce and Soybean Paste in Korea

  • Hong, Seung-Beom;Kim, Dae-Ho;Samson, Robert A.
    • Mycobiology
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    • 제43권3호
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    • pp.218-224
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    • 2015
  • Aspergillus is an important fungal genus used for the fermentation of Asian foods; this genus is referred to as koji mold in Japan and China. A. oryzae, A. sojae, and A. tamari are used in the production of miso and shoyu in Japan, but a comprehensive taxonomic study of Aspergillus isolated from Meju, a fermented soybean starting material for traditional soy sauce and soybean paste in Korea, has not been conducted. In this study, various Aspergillus species were isolated during a study of the mycobiota of Meju, and the aspergilli were identified based on phenotypic characteristics and sequencing of the ${\beta}$-tubulin gene. Most strains of Aspergillus were found to belong to the following sections: Aspergillus (n = 220), Flavi (n = 213), and Nigri (n = 54). The most commonly identified species were A. oryzae (n = 183), A. pseudoglaucus (Eurotium repens) (n = 81), A. chevalieri (E. chevalieri) (n = 62), A. montevidensis (E. amstelodami) (n = 34), A. niger (n = 21), A. tamari (n = 15), A. ruber (E. rubrum) (n = 15), A. proliferans (n = 14), and A. luchuensis (n = 14); 25 species were identified from 533 Aspergillus strains. Aspergillus strains were mainly found during the high temperature fermentation period in the later steps of Meju fermentation.

대두피를 이용한 발효사료의 개발 연구 (Improvement of Nutritive Value of Soybean bran by Fermentation)

  • 이양희;김숙희;조명죽
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • 제5권1호
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    • pp.33-42
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    • 1972
  • This study was designed to investigate the nutritional value of fermented soybean bran as animal feed. Natural soybean bran has low protein quality and high cellulase contents. The soybean bran was supplemented by urea and ammoniumsulfate as N-source for incubation of Aspergillus niger. After incubation of soybean bran with Aspergillus niger, the nutritional quality of protein and riboflavin contents were increased in general and more in aging process than in fermentation. In order to elucidate the biological efficiency of prepared soybean bran, 120 male weanling rats were divided into 22 groups, five rats each, and were fed by standard casein diet mixed with soybean bran in the proportion of 1/10, 1/15, 1/20 respectively. The animals were kept under the experimental diet for nine weeks. In the result of this study, food efficiency ratio showed higher in the groups of urea and ammonium-sulfate-add group than row soybean bran group but the former group is lower than the later in the body weight gains. Protein efficiency ratio was also same trend. It was noteworthy that the nitrogen retention rate in total body on the basis of urinary nitrogen excretion and dietary intake nitrogen and in big organ such as liver and spleen were higher in fermented group than raw soybean bran fed group. It was worth while to treat the soybean bran in first place fermentation and further aging process to elevate the biological efficiency and effect of nutritional values specifically of protein and of riboflavin.

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Effects of Starter Candidates and NaCl on the Production of Volatile Compounds during Soybean Fermentation

  • Jeong, Do-Won;Lee, Hyundong;Jeong, Keuncheol;Kim, Cheong-Tae;Shim, Sun-Taek;Lee, Jong-Hoon
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제29권2호
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    • pp.191-199
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    • 2019
  • We inoculated different combinations of three starter candidates, Bacillus licheniformis, Staphylococcus succinus, and Tetragenococcus halophilus, into sterilized soybeans to predict their contributions to volatile compound production through soybean fermentation. Simultaneously, we added NaCl to soybean cultures to evaluate its effect on the volatile compounds profile. Cells in soybean cultures (1.5% NaCl) nearly reached their maximum growth in a day of incubation, while cell growth was delayed by increasing NaCl concentrations in soybean cultures. The dominance of B. licheniformis and S. succinus in the mixed cultures of three starter candidates switched to T. halophilus as the NaCl concentration increased from 1.5% to 14% (w/w). Seventeen volatile compounds were detected from the control and starter candidate-inoculated soybean cultures with and without the addition of NaCl. Principal component analysis of these volatile compounds concluded that B. licheniformis and S. succinus made major contributions to producing a specific volatile compound profile from soybean cultures where both species exhibited good growth. 3-Hydroxybutan-2-one, butane-2,3-diol, and 2,3,5,6-tetramethylpyrazine are specific odor notes for B. licheniformis, and 3-methylbutyl acetate and 2-phenylethanol are specific for S. succinus. Octan-3-one and 3-methylbutan-1-ol were shown to be decisive volatile compounds for determining the involvement of S. succinus in the soybean culture containing 7% NaCl. 3-Methylbutyl acetate and 3-methylbutan-1-ol were also produced by T. halophilus during soybean fermentation at an appropriate level of NaCl. Although S. succinus and T. halophilus exhibited growth on the soybean cultures containing 14% NaCl, species-specific volatile compounds determining the directionality of the volatile compounds profile were not produced.

대두-수수 혼합곡물의 템페발효 (Tempeh Fermentation from a Mixture of Soybean and Sorghum Grain)

  • 김종태;김철진;김동철;권태완
    • 한국식품과학회지
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    • 제22권6호
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    • pp.668-674
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    • 1990
  • 대두, 수수, 대두-수수 혼합곡물 템페를 인도네시아의 전통적인 종균(LARU ; mixed cultures of Rhizopus oligosporus)를 사용하여 제조하였다. 발효가 끝난 후 대두 템페와 대두-수수 혼합템페는 단백질과 섬유질의 양이 발효시키지 않은 대조군 시료보다 증가하였고, 지방 함량은 수수템페와 대두-수수 혼합템페의 경우 약간 증가하였다. 발효가 진행함에 따라 3가지 형태의 템페 모두가 pH, 수용성 고형분, 수용성 질소 함량이 증가한 반면 총고형분 함량에는 큰 변화가 없었다. 트립신억제제 활성(TIA)과 피트산 함량은 발효 32시간 후 감소되었다. 이는 Rhizopus oligosporus 균이 대두를 발효시키는 과정에서 트립신억제제와 피트산을 분해하는 분해능을 가지고 있음을 제시하는 결과이다. 티아민과 나이아신 함량이 3가지 형태의 템페 모두에서 증가하였다. 32시간 발효 후 대두, 수수, 대두-수수 혼합템페 모두에서 총아미노산 함량은 감소하였고 아미노산 중 리신, 발린, 티로신, 알라닌 등이 증가하였고 세린과 글루탐산 이 감소하였다.

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재래식 간장 및 된장 제조가 대두단백질의 영양가에 미치는 영향 -제3보 Lysine 가용도의 변화- (The Effect of Korean Soysauce and Soypaste Making on Soybean Proteion Quality -Part III. Changes in the Lysine Availability-)

  • 이철호
    • 한국식품과학회지
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    • 제8권2호
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    • pp.63-69
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    • 1976
  • 재래식 간장 및 된장 제조중에 일어나는 대두단백질 중의 lysine 가용도의 변화에 관하여 화학적 방법 및 생물학적 방법을 이용하여 측정하였으며 서로 다른 측정 방법에 의한 결과의 차이에 대하여 고찰 하였다. TLMI법에 의한 FDNB-reactive lysine의 동향을 보면 대두의 삶음과 메주 발효과정중 lysine의 가용도는 저하하나, 8개월간의 메주 장숙성과정에서 그 가용도가 다시 증가되어 원료대두 단백질중의 lysine가용도와 거의 같은 수준으로 되었다. 한편 백쥐의 사양시험에 의한 생물가 (BV), NPU, NER 및 상대적 lysine 가용율등에 의하면 메주 제조과정에서 뿐만 아니라 숙성과정중에도 lysine 가용도는 계속 저하되는 것으로 나타났다.

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Characterization of the Functional Properties of Soy Milk Cake Fermented by Bacillus sp.

  • Oh, Soo-Myung;Kim, Chan-Shick;Lee, Sam-Pin
    • Food Science and Biotechnology
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    • 제15권5호
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    • pp.704-709
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    • 2006
  • The mucilage production and tyrosine content in soy milk cake (SMC) fermented by Bacillus firmus NA-1, Bacillus subtilis GT-D, and B. subtilis KU-A was improved by fortification with 10% defatted soybean flour. The fibrinolytic activity and consistency of the SMC were drastically increased by solid-state fermentation for 1 day. However, the consistency of the fermented SMC gradually decreased during fermentation for 3 days. Furthermore, the tyrosine content of the freeze-dried powder of SMC fermented by three Bacillus sp. was 9 times higher than that of unfermented SMC. The soybean proteins, including the 7S and 11S subunits, were partially digested during alkaline fermentation, producing lower molecular-weight peptides. The fibrinolytic enzyme produced in SMC fermented by B. firmus NA-l and B. subtilis KU-A exhibited higher thermal stability than that of B. subtilis GT-D fermentation. The powder obtained from B. subtilis GT-D fermentation had an ${\alpha}$-amylase activity and lower consistency compared to those of B. firmus NA-1 and B. subtilis KU-A. In addition, this powder contained 6.3% moisture content, 27% crude protein content and 9 units of fibrinolytic activity and proteolytic activity.