• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.158-162
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• 2009

"Wonkwang" is a new sprout-soybean cultivar developed from the cross between Danyeobkong and MS91001 at the Honam Agricultural Research Institute (HARI) and National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), RDA, in 2007. The preliminary, advanced and regional yield trials to evaluate the performance of Iksan 56 were carried out from 2003 to 2007. This cultivar has a determinate growth habit, purple flower, grayish brown pubescence, yellow seed coat, Grayish brown hilum, lanceolate leaflet shape and small seed size (10.9 g/100 seeds). The maturity date of "Wonkwang" is three days later than the check variety, "Pungsan". It has a good seed quality for soybean-sprout and resistance to lodging. The soybean-sprouts grown from "Wonkwang" have high isoflavone ($3,481{\mu}g/g$)contents. This cultivar has resistance to soybean mosaic virus (SMV) and necrotic symptom (SMV-N) and other most troublesome soybean diseases which are bacterial pustule and black root rot. The grain yield of "Wonkwang"in the regional yield trials (RYT) for 3 consecutive years was averaged 3.05 ton per hectare, which was 8% higher than that of the check cultivar "Pungsan".

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.21-27
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• 1999

Nonpathogenic mutants of Xanthomonas campestris pv. glycines were generated with Omegon-Kim to isolate genes essential for pathogenicity and inducing hypersensitive response (HR). Three nonpathogenic multants and two mutants showing slow symptom development were isolated among 1,000 colonies tested. From two nonpathogenic mutants, 8-13 and 26-13, genes homologous to hrcC and hrpF of X. campestris pv. vesicatoria were identified. The nonpathogenic mutant 8-13 had a mutation in a gene homologous to hrpF of X. campestris pv. vesicatoria and failed to cause HR on pepper plants but still induced HR on tomato leaves. The nonpathogenic mutant 26-13 had an insertional mutation in a gene homologous to hrcC of X. campestris pv. vesicatoria and lost the ability to induce HR on pepper leaves but still caused HR on tomato plants. Unlike other phytopathogenic bacteria, the parent strain and these two mutants of X. campestris pv. glycines did not cause HR on tobacco plants. a cosmid clone, pBL1, that complemented the phenotypes of 8-13 was isolated. From the analysis of restriction enzyme mapping and deletion analyses of pBL1, a 9.0-kb Eco RI fragment restored the phenotypes of 8-13. pBL1 failed to complement the phenotypes of 26-13, indicating that the hrcC gene resides outside of the insert DNA of pBL1. One nonpathogenic mutant, 13-33, had a mutation in a gene homologous to a miaA gene encoding tRNA delta (2)-isopentenylpyrophosphate transferase of Escherichia coli. This indicated that tRNA modifications in X. campestris pv. glycines may be required for expression of genes necessary for pathogenicity. The mutant 13-33 multiplied as well as the parent strain did in the culture medium and in planta, indicating that loss of pathogenicity is not due to the inability of multiplication in vivo.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.78-78
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• 2022

Food productivity in North Korea is about 50% lower than in South Korea. In order to increase the productivity of major crops, it is necessary to develop early maturing, disease resistance, and high-yielding varieties and apply them early. Since the late 1990s, North Korea has been actively developing potatoes, rice and com as major food crops, and soybeans are considered important as a protein-supplying crop. Domestic cultivated varieties, which are expected to be most adaptable eco-climatologically, are mainly selected from soil with high nutrient soil. It is necessary to test separately for adaptability in low organic soil. So it is very necessary to apply technology to improve soil improvement through rotational crop selection in the middle and long-term. Therefore, this study was conducted to test the adaptability to low organic soils of domestic cultivars and to select varieties. In 2021 there are twenty two (22) varieties of soybeans were grown in low organic soil at the field of Chungbuk National University. This year twenty two (22) varieties of soybeans were also grown in low organic soil at the field of Chungbuk National University. Sowing was done on June 10, the planting distance was 70cm × 15cm, after opening the cotyledons fully, the soybeans were thinned and leaving two plants per hole. In addition, various types of growth characteristics and quantitative components were investigated to evaluate the adaptability to low organic soil of domestic varieties. This study was conducted to investigate the growth characteristics and quantitative components of soybean varieties grown in low organic soil. The flowering period of 22 varieties of soybeans was about 14 days from July 22 to August 4. The flowers of the beans were white, purple, light purple and the pubescence color was gray and brown where most of them were gray. The highest plant height was up to 130.4 cm and lowest was 20.3 cm, highest stem length was up to 119.5 cm and lowest was 15.3 cm. Highest first pod height (FPH) was up to 34.0 cm and lowest was 3.0 cm. Highest stem diameter was up to 15.76mm and lowest was 1.76 mm. Number of main stem nodes was up to 19 and at least 1. Number of branch was up to 10 and at least 0. The number of pod per plant was up to 121. Bacterial pustule has been spread in soybean field.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.83-87
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• 2009

Direct Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method that combines biological and enzymatic amplification of PCR targets was developed for the detection of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines on soybeen seeds without DNA isolation. Primers Xag F1 and Xag R1 were designed to specifically amplify a 401 bp fragment of the glycinecin A gene of X axonopodis pv. glycines. Xag F1 and Xag R1 were used to carry out the PCR analysis with genomic DNA from 45 different bacterial strains including phylogenetically related bacteria with X axonopodis pv. glycines, and other bacterial strains of different genus and species. The PCR assay using this set of primers were able to detect X axonopodis pv. glycines with DNA concentration as low as 200 fg and $1.8{\times}10^3$ cfu/ml. The Xag was detected from the seed samples incubated for 2 hrs with shaking and the intensity of the band was increase with the incubation time of seeds. The Direct PCR assay method without DNA isolation makes detection of X. axonopodis pv. glycines on soybean seeds easier and more sensitive than other conventional methods. The developed seed assay using direct PCR method will be useful for the specific detection of X. axonopodis pv. glycines in soybean seed samples.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.357-372
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• 2011

We carried out the experiment to select the suitable sprout soybean varieties for environment-friendly cultivation in paddy field of southern part area, compares of excess moisture injury degree and yield ability among 29 sprout soybean varieties. Plant growth of sprout soybean was generally low in beginning and recovered after flowering due to rainfall. In paddy field cultivation, number of pod per individual and number of seed per individual were less in difference than upland cultivation, and maturing date was delayed 5-14 days than upland cultivation in most species. When environment-friendly cultivation, pest injury was not caused major problem for the growth during the vegetative period of soybean due to ground spider as natural enemy to insect pest. However, damage of stink bugs showed severe during grain filling period, and Dawonkong, Anpyeongkong, Dachaekong and Wonhwangkong showed susceptible to sting bug. SMV infection was weak and showed some necrosis symptoms in Sokangkong, but black root rot was not infected at all. Bacterial pustule began to be infected slowly from pod enlargement stage in most species, displayed severe symptoms in Dawonkong, Pungsannamulkong, Seonamkong and Sobaeknamulkong. The symptoms of pod anthracnose, pod blight and purple spot were greatly appeared after flowering. Disease resistance varieties was Paldokong, Kwangankong, Doremikong, Somyeongkong, Pungsannamulkong, Iksa-namulkong, Seonamkong, Sojinkong, Pureunkong, Bosugkong, Namhaekong and Sorokkong. Lodging index showed 3 in Saebyeolkong, and other species displayed slight lodging in 0-3 degree. 100-seed weight is 9.8-17.2g extent and increased 0.1-3.7g than upland cultivation in most species, but decreased in some species. Government purchase standard, species correspond to small-seed-size namulkong (Sizing screen diameter 4.0-5.6 mm) was Dawonkong, Dachaekong, Bosugkong, Seonamkong, Sokangkong, Hannamkong, Somyeongkong and Wonhwangkong. Species which seed yield was higher than Pungsannamulkong (266kg/10a) were Sorokkong, Hannamkong, Bosugkong and Sowonkong. Considering sprout soybean species, disease endurance, insect resistance, lodging resistance, 100-seed weight, yield ability and excess moisture tolerances synthetically, Seonamkong, Hannamkong, Doremikong, Bosugkong, Pungwonkong, Kwangankong, Sowonkong, Dagikong, Paldokong, Eunhakong and Pungsannamulkong were promising for environment-friendly cultivation in paddy field.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.690-694
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• 2010

A new soybean cultivar for soy-paste, 'Daeyang', was developed from the cross among 'Jangyeobkong', 'Hwaeomputkong' and 'Suwon192' by the soybean breeding team at the National Institute of Crop Science (NICS) in 2007. A promising line, SS97214-80-1, was selected and named this line 'Milyang163'. It was prominent and had good result from regional adaptation yield trials (RYT) for three years from 2005 to 2007 and released as the name of 'Daeyang'. It has a determinate growth habit, purple flower, grey pubescence, yellow seed coat, yellow hilum, large spherical seed (25.2 g per 100 seeds). 'Daeyang' is resistant to soybean mosaic virus and moderately resistant to bacterial pustule, the major soybean disease in Korea. The average yield of 'Daeyang' was 2.58 ton per hectare in the regional yield trials (RYT) carried out for three years from 2005 to 2007 which was 3 percent higher than the check variety, 'Taekwang'.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.721-726
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• 2010

'Nampung', a new soybean cultivar for soy-paste, was developed from the cross between Suwon190 and 'Pokwangkong' by soybean breeding team at the National Institute of Crop Science (NICS) in 2007. A promising line, SS97215-S-S-20, was selected and designated as the name of Milyang162. It was prominent and had good result from regional adaptation yield trials(RYT) for three years from 2005 to 2007 and was released as the name of 'Nampung'. It has a determinate growth habit, white flower, brown pubescence, yellow seed coat, light brown hilum, medium spherical seed (19.9 grams per 100 seeds). 'Nampung' is resistant to soybean mosaic virus and bacterial pustule, the major soybean disease in Korea. It is possible to harvest of 'Nampung' using combine because of it's lodging tolerance, few branches, and high position of pod attachment. The average yield of 'Nampung' is 2.97 ton per hectare in the regional yield trials (RYT) carried out for three years from 2005 to 2007 which is 21 percent higher than the check variety, 'Taekwang'.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.640-644
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• 2009

A new sprout-soybean cultivar, "Sohwang" was developed at the National Institute of Crop Science (NICS) in 2008. "Sohwang" was selected from a cross between Pungsan and Pungsan/Nattosan. The preliminary, advanced, and regional yield trials to evaluate the performance of Iksan 58 were carried out from 2004 to 2008. This cultivar has a determinate growth habit with purple flower, grayish brown pubescence, yellow seed coat, Yellow hilum, lanceolate leaflet shape and small seed size (8.5 grams per 100 seeds). The maturity date of "Sohwang" is 10 days earlier than the check variety, "Pungsan". It has a good seed quality for soybean-sprout. The soybean-sprouts grown from "Sohwang" have high isoflavone ($3,041{\mu}g/g$)contents. This cultivar has resistance to soybean mosaic virus (SMV) and necrotic symptom (SMV-N), and other most troublesome soybean diseases which are bacterial pustule and black root rot. Especially, "Sohwang" has useful characteristics, such as lodging and shattering resistance. The average yield of "Sohwang" was 2.69 ton per hectare in the carried out for three years from 2006 to 2008 regional yield trials(RYT) for double cropping.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.668-673
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• 2010

A new black seed coat soybean cultivar, 'Heugseong' was developed at the National Institute of Crop Science (NICS) in 2008. The goal to breed the black seed coat soybean is to develop the cultivar with large seed size, high yield, lodging tolerance, and resistance to disease such as soybean mosaic virus (SMV), and bacterial pustule. 'Heugseong' was selected from the cross between 'Gnome85', showing yellow seed coat, lodging tolerance, and high yield, and 'Cheongja', showing green cotyledon, and black seed coat. The preliminary, advanced and regional yield trials for this cultivar were carried out from 2004 to 2008. It has determinate growth habit, purple flower, brown pubescence, brown pod color, black seed coat, yellow cotyledon, elongated seed shape, oval leaf shape and large seed size (29.2 grams per 100 seeds). It was 4 days later in maturity than the check cultivar 'Ilpumgeomjeongkong'. 'Heugseong' was better than the check cultivar in the seed quality of isoflavone contents(1,913 ${\mu}g/g$). It has good adaptability for cooking with rice in ratio of water absorption and seed hardness, for physics of black tofu, and for fermented black soybean paste. The average yield of 'Heugseong' was 2.37 ton per hectare in the regional yield trials carried out in six locations of Korea from 2006 to 2008.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.267-271
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• 2010

A new black seed coat soybean cultivar, 'Daeheug', was developed at the National Institute of Crop Science (NICS) in 2007. The breeding goal for black seed coat soybean is to develop the cultivar with large seed size, high yield, lodging tolerance, and resistance to disease such as soybean mosaic virus (SMV), and bacterial pustule. 'Daeheug' was selected from the cross between 'Daehwang' which had yellow seed coat, large seed size, and late maturity, and 'Milyang 79' which was lodging tolerant, and SMV resistant with medium seed size, black seed coat, and yellow cotyledon. The preliminary, advanced and regional yield trials for evaluation and selection of this cultivar were carried out from 2003 to 2007. It has determinate growth habit, purple flower, brown pubescence, brown pod color, black seed coat, yellow cotyledon, spherical flattened seed shape, oval leaf shape and large seed size (34.3 g/100 seeds). In maturity, 'Daeheug' was 2 days later than the check cultivar 'Ilpumgeomjeongkong'. In the seed quality such as isoflavone contents ($635{\mu}g/g$), and anthocyanin contents ($11.2m{\ell}/g$ of seed coat), 'Daeheug' was better than the check cultivar. It has good adaptability for cooking with rice in ratio of water absorption and seed hardness. Specially, it has good processability for soybean tea with 2.13 absorbance at 530 nm, scavenge activity of DPPH radical was high, and contents of total phenolics was $1,263{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. The average yield of 'Daeheug' was 2.26 ton per hectare in the regional yield trials (RYT) carried out in six locations of Korea from 2005 to 2007.