• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.126-134
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• 2018

This study estimated the effect of sowing and harvesting dates on dry matter (DM) yield and feed value of forage oats at Sancheong, Korea. The forage oats (Darkhorse vs. Highspeed) were used in this experiment. The experimental main plots consisted of the different sowing and harvesting dates at 2 seasons as follows: spring oats of sowing (February 25, March 3 and March 13) and harvesting (May 27, June 6 and June 16); and fall oats of sowing (August 15, August 25 and September 4) and harvesting (October 15, October 25 and November 4). On spring oats, Highspeed sown on March 3 and then harvesting on June 6 had the highest (p<0.05) plant length and DM yield. Crude protein content decreased (p<0.05) in seed of the delayed-harvesting Highspeed. On fall oats, plant length and DM yield with the delayed-harvesting date increased (p<0.05), while crude protein content of the delayed-harvesting Highspeed decreased (p<0.05). This study concluded that the spring oat sown in early March and then harvesting in early June was recommended to increase dry matter and feed value although the fall oat sown in end August and then harvesting in early November was recommended for fall period.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.511-518
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• 2016

The subject of this experiment is to supply basic data to inhibit non-productive tillers which are uneconomical for mechanical harvesting and to evaluate optimum planting density and sowing date in central district. Total number of tillers and effective first and second of tillers according to different planting density was higher in 80 ㎝ ridge than 60 ㎝ ridge in proso millet. The wider between plant distance on the ridge, the more increased total number of tillers and effective first and second of tillers. The highest effective tillers (91.7 %) in the first tillers was obtained from the second sowing date (23 May) among different sowing date and next is in the order of 3^rd(13 June, 89.8%) > 1^st(2 May, 85.6%) > 4^th(4 July, 85.2%). The percentage of effective tillers in the second tillers was decreased in the order of 2 May (53.7%), 23 May (40.7%), 13 June (22.2%), 4 July (0%) as the sowing date was delayed. There was no significant difference in days to heading and days to ripening according to different planting density. Although culm length was increased as planting density was increased, whereas number of tillers, stem diameter, ear length, grains per ear and 1000 grain weight was decreased. In the growth and yield characteristics of proso millet according to different sowing date, days to heading and days to ripening, culm length, stem diameter, ear length, grains per ear and yield per 10a were decreased. After the sowing date of 13 June, the reduction of growth and yield characteristics were higher because of excess-moisture injury.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.59 no.4
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• pp.470-476
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of sowing time on ecological responses, growth, and yields of cowpeas grown in plastic greenhouses in a southern region of South Korea. Experiments were carried out in Naju, Jeonnam Province (Latitude $35^{\circ}$ 04' N, Longitude $126^{\circ}$ 54' E) during 2012 and 2013. The intermediate-erect type strains used in this study were Jeonnam1 and Jeonnam2. Sowing was performed between mid-March and mid-August at intervals of one month. The days from sowing to emergence was significantly higher for the mid-March sowing (12 days) but no significant differences were observed among the other sowing dates (3 to 4 days). The days from sowing to first flowering were shorter for sowing dates between mid-March and mid-July because sowing time was delayed and then were lengthened again at mid-August sowing; the days were longest at mid-March sowing (around 75 days) and were shortest at mid-July sowing (30 days). The days from first flowering to harvesting were short for the sowing dates between mid-March and mid-May (24 to 28 days) but were relatively long for subsequent sowing dates (35 to 38 days). Stem and peduncle lengths were relatively long for the mid-April and mid-August sowing dates. Main-stem node number was highest for the mid-June sowing. Branch number per plant was highest for the mid-March sowing. The mid-March sowing displayed the highest number of pods per plant as well as the heaviest seed weight. Yield per 10 ares was highest for the mid-March sown Jeonnam1 and the Jeonnam2 strains (340 and 367 kg respectively), and then tended to decrease due to subsequent delays in sowing.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.65 no.4
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• pp.416-425
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• 2020

This study evaluated the productivity of early maturity silage corns during continuous monocropping and the possibility of expanding forage production. Continuous monocropping of three silage corns, such as Kwangpyeongok (medium maturity), Sinhwangok (early maturity), and Sinhwangok2 (early maturity) was planted twice, in April and July from 2018 to 2019 at Suwon. The number of days from the sowing date to the silking date was 78 for the preceding crop and 52 for the succeeding crop. The number of days from the silking date to the harvesting date was 26 for the preceding crop and 46 for the succeeding crop. The sums of the temperature from the sowing date to the silking date were 1,512℃ for the preceding crop, 1,246℃ for the succeeding crop. The sums of the temperature from the sowing date to the harvesting date were 2,198℃ for the preceding crop and 1,951℃ for the succeeding crop. The dry matter yield of the preceding crop (1,637 kg/10a) was similar to that of the succeeding crop (1,565 kg/10a). The dry matter yields of Sinhwangok2 (1,673 kg/10a), Sinhwangok (1,660 kg/10a) and Kwangpyeongok (1,579 kg/10a) were similar to those of the preceding crop. The dry matter yields of Sinhwangok (1,669 kg/10a) and Kwangpyeongok (1,651 kg/10a) were similar to those of the succeeding crop and Sinhwangok2 (1,374 kg/10a) was the lowest among the three corn varieties. The total digestible nutrients (TDN) yield of the preceding crop (1,135 kg/10a) was similar to that of the succeeding crop (1,037 kg/10a). The TDN yields of Sinhwangok2 (1,183 kg/10a), Sinhwangok (1,158 kg/10a), and Kwangpyeongok (1,063 kg/10a) were similar to those of the preceding crop. The TDN yields of Sinhwangok (1,150 kg/10a) and Kwangpyeongok (1,100 kg/10a) were similar for the succeeding crop and Sinhwangok2 (970 kg/10a) was the lowest among the three corn varieties. The total dry matter yields of Sinhwangok (3,329 kg/10a) and Kwangpyeongok (3,230 kg/10a) were similar, but Sinhwangok2 (3,047 kg/10a) was the lowest among the three corn varieties. The total TDN yields of Sinhwangok (2,307 kg/10a), Kwangpyeongok (2,162 kg/10a), and Sinhwangok2 (2,152 kg/10a) were similar. It was concluded that Sinhwangok and Sinhwangok2 have high TDN yields as well as early maturity, and therefore are advantageous for direct continuous monocropping.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.205-216
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• 2010

Few spring sowing have been conducted on winter cereal crops for whole-crop silage use. Experiments were conducted during 2007 and 2008 at the Chungnam Agricultural Research & Extension Services. The objectives of this study were compared the spring sowing with the optimum season's sowing on growth, yield and feed quality in five winter cereal crops. The treatments consisted of 5 winter cereal crops, Youngyang (Barley, Spring habit I), Keumkang (Wheat, Spring habit II), Gogu(Rye, Spring habit estimated III), Shinyoung (Triticale, Spring habit estimated III), Samhan(Oat, Spring habit estimated II), and 3 planting dates, 18 October (optimum season's sowing), 23 February and 10 March in spring. Heading days as affected by spring sowing compared to optimum season sowing were delayed by 16~20 days in barley, wheat, rye and triticale, and 9 days in oat. The clipping dates at the optimal harvesting stage of each crop for round-baled silage in spring sowing was 8 June (yellow ripe stage) in barley, 25 May (10 days after heading) in rye, and 17 June in wheat (yellow ripe stage), triticale (milky stage) and oat (milky stage). The accumulative temperature from emergence to heading was significantly decreased as affected by spring sowing compared to optimum season's sowing, but that of sowing to emergence and that of heading to maturing was similar. The rate of spikes per tillering surveyed at each clipping date was 62.0-73.1 percent in barley, wheat, triticale and oat, and 56.0 percent in rye compared to that of optimum season sowing. The dry matter yield in spring sowing compared to 18 October was obtained about 71.7 percent in barley, 60.6 percent in wheat, 46.2 percent in rye, 70.2 percent in triticale and 110.9 percent in oat. It were increased in acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and crude protein content, but decreased in digestible dry matter content(DDM) and relative feed value (RFV). The yield of DDM by spring sowing was decreased in barley, wheat, rye and triticale, but increased in oat. The yield of dry matter and DDM were higher in oat and triticale than that of barley, wheat and oat. So, regardless to clipping dates and cropping system, the appropriated crop for spring sowing was oat, and subsequently triticale and barley. It was not adopted for spring sowing in rye because of low rate of no. of spikes per tillers and yield. It was necessary eliminated winter growing nature by earlier sowing at the late of February after overwinter.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.60 no.3
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• pp.343-348
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• 2015

Soybean is one of the important food crop around the world. Especially in East Asia, it is the main ingredient for traditional food like soy sauce and soy paste. The double cropping system including soybean following onion, Chinese cabbage, and potato is widely adopted in Southern region of Korea. In this system, sowing date of second crop (soybean) can be delayed depending on first crops' growth period and weather condition. When planting date is delayed it is known that soybean yield is declined because of shorter vegetative growth period and earlier flowering induced by warm temperature and changes in photoperiod. The objective of this study was to determine soybean growth and yield responses as plant populations at late planting date. Field experiment was conducted at Department of Functional Crop, National Institute of Crop Science, RDA located in Miryang, Gyeongsangnam-Do for two years ('13-'14) in upland field with mid-late maturity cultivar Daewon. A split-plot block design was used with three replications. Main plots were three sowing dates from June 20 to July 20 with 15 days intervals, and subplots were 4 levels of planting densities. Data of maturity (R8) was recorded, yield components and yield were examined after harvesting. Experimental data were analyzed by using PROC GLM, and DMRT were used for mean comparison. Optimum planting population for maximizing soybean yield in late planting which compared with standard population. In mid-June planting, higher planting density causes increased plant height and decreased diameter which lead to higher risk of lodging, however, reduced growth period due to late planting alleviated this problem. Therefore higher seeding rates can provide protection against low seedling emergence caused by late planting in this region.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 1990

This experiment was carried out to understand the effect of pre-sowing seed treatment by GA$_3$ and IAA on flowering and characteristics of yield component in peanuts. Peanut seed was treated by soaking in 10, 50, 100ppm of GA$_3$ solution, and 50, 100, 200ppm of IAA solution. Treatments of GA$_3$ and IAA resulted 7-5 days earlier emergence and 11-17days shorter of the flowering date compared with the untreated control. By soaking treatments with IAA in 100ppm and GA$_3$ in 100ppm, accumulated flowers were increased at early growing stage of 30 days after flowering compared with untreated control. By soaking treatments with IAA in 100ppm and GA$_3$ in 100ppm, main stem length, branch length and internode of main stem showed to flourish at investigation from early growing stage to 3 days before harvesting.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.400-408
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• 2017

This experiment was conducted to estimate the livestock carrying capacity per unit area of Hanwoo heifer with determine the quality of the forage by evaluating the productivity and nutritive value of spring seeding oats (Avena sative L.) according to different seeding and harvesting timings. Dry matter yields were the highest at 13.62 tons per ha when oat was seeded on March 15 and harvested on June 8 (p < 0.05), while the lowest yield of 6.29 tons per ha was obtained when seeded on February 25 and harvested on May 19 (p < 0.05). The highest crude protein yield of 1.27 tons per ha (p < 0.05) was obtained when seeded on March 5 and harvested on June 8. The total digestible nutrient yield was the highest at 7.38 tons per ha when harvested on June 8, the last harvest of the experiment (p < 0.05). In the northern part of Gyeongbuk province, spring seeding oats at the beginning of March, rather than in the middle of March, showed good annual livestock carrying capacity per unit area. According to harvest timing, the plot harvested on June 8 showed the highest livestock carrying capacity with an average of 6.53 heads (p < 0.05). In conclusion, in the northern part of Gyeongbuk province in spring, it is better to seed oat early in March and to harvest early in June to increase the livestock breeding capacity, considering dry matter productivity and feed value.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.318-325
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• 1986

The studies were performed to obtain the basic informations on the influence of weather condition for grain yield and yield components in barley. The data of Olbori tested in 9 sites for 12 years were used in the studies. Milled grain yield was decreased in paddy field after rice harvested comparing to the upland condition, and yield potential was differed by test sites with the most stable yield in Gyeongnam. The coefficients of variation analyzed for milled grain yield by years were 12.2-42.6% with the differences between high-yield and low-yield year. Heading date was earlier in high-yield year and southern part compared to the low-yield year and middle part of the Korean peninsular showing the negative correlation between grain yield and heading date. High-yield year showed longer in culm length, shorter in spike length, almost same in number of grains per spike, and lower in 1,000grain weight compared to the low-yield year. Correlation analyzed between number of spikes and grain yield showed positive relationship. Temperatures affected to the grain yield analyzed by high in vegitative growth stage, low in alternative growth stage, and almost same in reproductive growth stage in high-yield year comparing to the low-yield year, however no remarkable differences of temperatures affected were detected in over wintering stage between high-yield and low-yield year. Precipitation amount in high-yield year was lesser in sowing time, more in seedling time, and lesser in over wintering time than those of the low-yield year. Correlation between rainfall amount in the early of April and grain yield showed significant negative correlation with the remarkable affects to the grain yield. Sunshine hours in high-yield year were longer in sowing time, shorter in over wintering time, and after the over wintering time to harvesting time was longer than those of the low-yie-ld year.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.59 no.4
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• pp.483-491
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• 2014

Double cropping system including paddy field soybean is widely adopted nationwide, due to rise in market price and its higher income than paddy field rice. Sowing date of soybean as a second crop is being delayed depending on first crop's growth period and harvesting time. Due to the increased temperature in October and delayed first frost date, soybean could be harvested without frost damage even in late-plating. Therefore, selection of soybean cultivar which is appropriate for this environment is very important. The effect of sowing date and genotype of soybean on growth and yield was investigated for three planting dates (June 20, July 5, and July 20) with ten cultivars developed for soy-pate production, to figure out plant development and yield pattern in delayed planting. As planting date is delayed, plant height and pod number was decreased and this pattern was more clearly detected in mid-late maturity cultivars. Hundred-seed weight did not show significant changes even in late planting, due to compensations between yield components. Yield reduction of July 20 in contrast to that of June 20 showed that Nampung (9.6%) showed the least yield decline. Maximum yield was achieved from Daepung, Taekwang, and Uram among other soybean cultivars in late planting. Shortening of growth period was strongly detected in reproductive stage while length of vegetative stage was regularly maintained in both early and mid-late maturity cultivars.