• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제31권12호
• /
• pp.1852-1862
• /
• 2018

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate a single step genome-wide association study (ssGWAS) for identifying genomic regions affecting reproductive traits in Landrace and Large White pigs. Methods: The traits included the number of pigs weaned per sow per year (PWSY), the number of litters per sow per year (LSY), pigs weaned per litters (PWL), born alive per litters (BAL), non-productive day (NPD) and wean to conception interval per litters (W2CL). A total of 321 animals (140 Landrace and 181 Large White pigs) were genotyped with the Illumina Porcine SNP 60k BeadChip, containing 61,177 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), while multiple traits single-step genomic BLUP method was used to calculate variances of 5 SNP windows for 11,048 Landrace and 13,985 Large White data records. Results: The outcome of ssGWAS on the reproductive traits identified twenty-five and twenty-two SNPs associated with reproductive traits in Landrace and Large White, respectively. Three known genes were identified to be candidate genes in Landrace pigs including retinol binding protein 7, and ubiquitination factor E4B genes for PWL, BAL, W2CL, and PWSY and one gene, solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 6A1, for LSY and NPD. Meanwhile, five genes were identified to be candidate genes in Large White, two of which, aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A3 and leucine rich repeat kinase 1, associated with all of six reproduction traits and three genes; retrotransposon Gag like 4, transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily C member 5, and LHFPL tetraspan subfamily member 1 for five traits except W2CL. Conclusion: The genomic regions identified in this study provided a start-up point for marker assisted selection and estimating genomic breeding values for improving reproductive traits in commercial pig populations.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제6권3호
• /
• pp.347-360
• /
• 1993

The project was undertaken to provide information on the present system of traditional pig farming in the South Pacific region, to identify the problems currently limiting productivity of such pigs and to offer practical strategies which could be used for increasing productivity of the animals. The problems were identified by surveying some 220 subsistence pig farms in eleven island countries in the South Pacific region using a prepared questionnaire. The units were found to be generally small, consisting of about 2-4 sows per herd. The productivity of the units as assessed in terms of sow reproductive efficiency was rather low, being only about 7.5. Feed, housing, breeding, disease, marketing, lack of capital, technical know-how and existing social traditions were identified as current constraints. Based on three of the most limiting factors identified namely feed, housing and breeding, strategies for improvement were developed on the basis of better and more effective use of locally available feed resources, better housing and genetic improvement through crossbreeding programmes. These improvement strategies were tested as a package model on some ten farms in two of the island countries. The results of these on-farm trials indicated that using the improvement strategies increased sow reproductive efficiency by approximately 60 percent, to nearly 12. The significance of these findings in the overall management of traditionally raised pigs in the South Pacific region is discussed.

• 한국동물위생학회지
• /
• 제27권1호
• /
• pp.89-94
• /
• 2004

Total 2,451 sera collected from pig farms nationwide were tested for the detection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome(PRRS) virus antibodies. The results were analyzed between different geographic regions, types of breeding pigs, and different years. The overall seroprevalence of PRRS virus antibodies for 3 years was 32.4%(705/2,451). The seroprevalence of PRRS virus antibodies in years 2000, 2001, 2002, and 2004 was 33.4% (284/850), 38.6%(291/754), 33.3%(155/466), and 17.1%(65/381), respectively. The seropevalence of PRRS virus antibody in sow in years 2000, 2001, 2002 and 2003 was 31.7%, 28.4%, 29.6%, and 13.4%, respectively. The seropevalence of PRRS virus antibody in gilts in years 2000, 2001, 2002 and 2003 was 36.6%, 67.4%, 54.7%, and 33.9%, respectively. The seropevalence of PRRS virus antibody in boars in years 2000, 2001 and 2003 was 45.7%, 36.4%, and 100%, respectively. No boar serum sample was submitted for the diagnosis of PRRS virus antibody in the year 2000. High seroprevalence of the PRRS virus antibody in sow, gilts and boars indicates that the infected breeding pigs are the major source of the PRRS virus infection, and also play an important role in spreading the PRRS virus between fan mates or herds.

• 농촌지도와개발
• /
• 제17권4호
• /
• pp.933-955
• /
• 2010

Researchers have different views on impact of information system use on productivity. The differences are fueled by 'the productivity paradox' insisted by Brynjofsson(1993). This paper intend to quantitate impacts of information system and to test the productivity paradox of using the information system. Restricted Maximumlikelihood Estimation(RMLE) method is applied on data from 81 farms adopting Pigplan system. The results find positive productivity improvement with information systems in swine farm. Adopting Pigplan system increases 0.52 in PSY(pigs per sow per year) and 0.087 in sow turnover. When it comes to region and farm size, region has impact on both PSY and sow turnover, while farm size does not. This result infers that local cooperatives, regardless of farm size, differentiate the impacts of the information system, implying that the ability to utilize information systems should be improved in organizational level.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
• /
• 제39권1호
• /
• pp.23-28
• /
• 2015

본 연구는 번식돈 농장의 경영지표 설정에 필요한 기초적 자료를 얻기 위하여 충남지역에서 사육하고 있는 번식모돈 소규모 4개 농장, 중규모 5개 농장, 대규모 6개 농장(총 15개 농장)을 대상으로 1년간의 모돈의 전산경영기록 자료중 번식 및 육성성적을 조사하여 분석하였다. 평균 상시모돈수는 모돈 사육규모별 간에는 유의한 차이(p<0.05)를 보였는데, 소규모 농장은 114.25두와 대규모 농장은 489.88두로 소규모 농장은 가족노동관리인 반면에, 대규모 농장은 고용인력을 활용해야 할 것으로 사료된다. 모돈규모가 클수록 분만율이 다소 높은 경향을 보였으나 규모별간에는 유의한 차이는 없었다. 복당평균산자수는 모돈규모별 간에는 유의한 차이는 없지만 대규모 농장보다는 소규모 농장에서 총산자수가 점점 큰 경향을 보였다. 포유개시두수는 모돈규모별 간에는 유의한 차이(p<0.05)가 인정되었는데, 중규모나 대규모 농장(10.28두)보다는 소규모 농장에서 10.48두로 포유개시산자수가 가장 많은 것으로 나타났다. 복당 평균이유두수는 모돈농장 규모 간에는 통계적 유의차(p<0.05)를 보였는데, 소규모 농장에서 8.89두로 가장 낮은 성적이었으나, 대규모 농장에서 9.35두로 모돈규모가 클수록 이유두수가 양호한 것으로 나타났다. 복당 이유일령은 농장규모별 간에는 유의한 차이(p<0.05)를 보였는데, 중규모농장에서 평균 23.79일로 이유일령이 가장 빠른 반면에, 소규모 농장에서는 평균 27.26일로 가장 늦게 이유시키고 있었다. 평균모돈 회전율은 모돈규모별 간에는 소규모나 대규모 농장보다 중규모 농장집단이 평균 2.32회로 유의성 있게(p<0.05) 가장 높은 모돈회전율을 보였다. 자돈평균육성율은 소규모 농장(87.13%)와 대규모 농장(91.69%) 집단보다는 중규모잡단에서 94.70%로 가장 양호한 성적을 보였다. 평균 출하 체중은 3개 농장 집단규모 간에는 유의한 차이는 없지만, 소규모나 중규모보다는 대규모 농장에서 112.37 kg으로 모돈농장 규모가 클수록 다소 높게 출하하는 경향으로 나타났다. 분만율과 산자수, 포유개시두수, 이유두수, 모돈회전율 간에는 유의한 정(正)의 상관관계, 그리고 총산자수와 포유개시두수 간에는 정의상관이 있었으나, 총산자수와 자돈육성율 간에는 부(負)의 상관이 존재하였다. 포유개시두수는 이유두수와 이유일령 간에는 정의 상관이었으나, 포유개시두수와 육성율 간에는 유의한 부의 상관이 있었다. 이유두수와 모돈회전율 및 육성율 간에는 각각 정의 상관이었으나, 이유일령과 모돈회전율 및 육성율 간에는 각각 유의한 부의 상관이 존재하였다. 소규모 모돈농장에서는 산자능력이 우수한 반면에 중규모와 대규모 농장에서는 각각 육성율과 이유두수 성적에서 비교적 우수한 것으로 평가되었다. 그러나 전반적으로 분만율 향상을 위한 기술력 확보가 요구되었다.

• 대한수의학회지
• /
• 제48권1호
• /
• pp.67-73
• /
• 2008

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is the most economically important viral infectious disease in pig populations worldwide. This study was conducted to better understand the epidemic and dynamics of PRRS virus (PRRSV) on each farm and to evaluate the risk of PRRSV infection in Korea. Interviews with pig farmers were carried out to obtain PRRS vaccination programmes in 60 pig farms throughout Korea. Blood samples were also collected from the 59 pig farms to investigate outbreak patterns of each farm. Vaccination against PRRS was performed in 16.7% farms for breeding pigs and 8.3% of farms for nursery pigs. According to the seroepidemiological analysis, 56 (94.9%) out of 59 farms were considered to be affected by PRRSV infection. The results revealed that 68.9% of sows tested were seroconverted and interestingly, gilt herds had the highest seropositive rate (73%), suggesting that gilts may play a key role in PRRSV transmission in sow herds. Among the PRRS-affected piglet herds, 33 (55.9%), 14 (23.7%) and 6 (10.2%) farms were initially infected with PRRSV during the weaning, suckling and nursery period, respectively. It seems likely, therefore, that PRRSV infection predominantly occurs around the weaning period in piglet herds. Based on antibody seroprevalence levels in both sow and piglet groups, we were able to classify patterns of PRRSV infection per farm unit into 4 categories; category 1 (stable sow groups and non-infected piglet groups), category 2 (unstable sow groups and non-infected piglet groups), category 3 (stable sow groups and infected piglet groups), and category 4 (unstable sow groups and infected piglet groups). Our data suggested that 43 (72.9%) farms were analysed to belong to category 4, which is considered to be at high-risk for PRRS outbreak. Taken together, our information from this study will provide insight into the establishment of an effective control strategy for PRRS on the field.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
• /
• 제22권6호
• /
• pp.81.1-81.9
• /
• 2021

Background: Suid gammaherpesvirus 3, 4, and 5 (porcine lymphotropic herpesvirus - PLHV-1, -2, and -3) are viruses that infect domestic and feral pigs. Objectives: This study examined the presence of PLHV DNA in biological samples from free-living wild boars circulating in a Brazilian geographical region with a high density of commercial domestic pigs. Methods: Lung samples of 50 free-living wild boars were collected by exotic wildlife controller agents between 2017 and 2019 in the state of Paraná, southern Brazil. Lung and spleen fragments were obtained from six fetuses collected by hysterectomy post mortem from a pregnant sow. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay using consensus primers (pan-herpesviruses) was performed to detect PLHV DNA. The samples showing positive results for PLHV DNA were submitted to single-round PCR assays with the specific primers for identifying PLHV-1 (213-S/215-As), PLHV-2 (208-S/212-As), and PLHV-3 (886s/886As). The specificity of the species-specific PCR products was assessed by nucleotide sequencing of the amplicons. Results: Forty-eight (96%) of the 50 lung samples analyzed were positive for PLHV by PCR using pan-herpesvirus primers. In 33 (68.75%) of the positive samples, at least two PLHV species were identified simultaneously. The DNA of PLHV-1, -2, and -3 was found in free-living wild boars of all ages, but not in the fetuses, even though they were from a sow that tested positive for all three viruses. Conclusion: These viruses are endemic to the population of feral pigs in the Brazilian region evaluated, as well as in domesticated pigs.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제21권7호
• /
• pp.1011-1014
• /
• 2008

A total of 335 sows at a commercial operation (Hitch Pork Producers Inc, Guymon, OK) was used to determine dietary effects of yeast culture supplementation ($XPC^{TM}$, Diamond V Mills) on litter performance. Sows were grouped by parity (parity 1 to 12). Pigs within a group were then allotted to treatments. Treatments consisted of: CON (no added yeast culture) and YC (12 and 15 g/d XPC during gestation and lactation, respectively). Sows were housed individually and fed their assigned gestation and lactation diets from d 35 of gestation to d 21 of lactation. Sows were fed 2.0 kg/d during gestation and ad libitum during lactation. Voluntary feed intake was measured daily during lactation. At farrowing, numbers of pigs born total and alive were measured. Weights of litters were measured at birth and weaning on d 21 of lactation. Litter weight gain of the YC treatment was 6.9% greater (p<0.01) than that of the CON. However, voluntary feed intake of sows and litter size did not differ between treatments. This study indicates that dietary yeast culture supplementation benefits sow productivity by improving litter weight gain. At present, it is not confirmed if improved litter weight gain was due to milk production, which remains to be investigated.

• 농업과학연구
• /
• 제44권2호
• /
• pp.254-260
• /
• 2017

The primary goals of this research were to evaluate the impact of diet supplemented with 25-hydroxyvitamin $D_3$ ($Hy{\cdot}D(R)$) on sow's body condition and reproduction performance. A total of sixteen multiparous sows [(Landrace ${\times}$ Yorkshire), average parity = $3.79{\pm}0.32$] and their litters were randomly allotted to 2 treatments to give 8 replicates per treatment. Diet treatments were randomized to receive a non-active (ND) or active 25-hydroxyvitamin $D_3$ (AD) diet (0.36 mg cholecalciferol/g) during pregnancy. The results of this experiment were observed at the gestation of d 58 - 75, d 76 - 95, d 96 - 110, and d 111 - 115. A corn-soybean meal-based diet was formulated to meet or exceed the nutrient requirements recommended by NRC (2012). Results indicated that the sows' farrowing duration was shortened (4.71, 5.38 h), and the average number of mummified fetuses decreased significantly (p < 0.05) in AD treatment compared with ND treatment (0.1, 0.5) while birth weight was significantly (p < 0.05) improved (1.44, 1.18 kg). There were no significant effects on body weight, backfat thickness, and fecal score during the gestation of sows in different phases (p > 0.05). And the total birth, stillbirth, live birth, and survival rates of the litter did not change (p > 0.05). The results of this study suggest that the farrowing duration of sow pigs will be shortened and the number of mummies will be decreased while their litters' body weight may be improved, if fed active 25-hydroxyvitamin $D_3$ (0.36 mg/g) during pregnancy phase.

• 한국동물위생학회지
• /
• 제33권1호
• /
• pp.81-87
• /
• 2010

This study was based on a survey of 100 sows which were raising in Jeonnam province for 11 months, from February to December 2008 in order to evaluate the medicinal herbs supplementation in sows on the effects of mortality in suckling pigs, and milk quality of sows. The medicinal herbs were supplemented in the feed of sows from 1 weeks before the expected date of delivery to 10 days after the delivery. As comparing stillbirth rate, test group was reduced 9.05%, and control group, 17.37%. It was certain that the medicinal herbs was very effective for reducing stillbirth rate. In comparison of mortality rate of suckling pig, test group was decreased by 1.52% as compared with control group. In analysis of milk components of sows, milk fat was 6.04% in test group and 5.22% in control group. Milk protein contents of test group and control group were 18.06% and 18.36%, respectively, showing no significant differences between two groups. Milk sugar contents showed also no difference between two groups. By milk somatic cell counts, test group ($582{\times}10^3$cells/ml) was found decreased number of milk somatic cell as compared with control group ($688{\times}10^3$cells/ml). These results imply that the medicinal herbs supplementation in sow might be effective for preventing stillbirth and mortality in piglets and mastitis in sow.