• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.122-131
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• 2020

Marine Spatial Planning is an emerging strategy that promoting sustainable development at coastal and marine areas based on the concept of ecosystem services. Regarding its methodology, usage rate of resources and its impact should be considered in the process of spatial planning. Particularly, considering the rapid increase of coastal tourism, visitation pattern is required to be identified across coastal areas. However, actions to quantify visitation pattern have been limited due to its required high cost and labor for conducting extensive field-study. In this regard, this study aimed to pose the usage of social big data in Marine Spatial Planning to identify spatial visitation density and critical management zone throughout coastal areas. We suggested the usage of GPS information from Flickr and Twitter, and evaluated the critical management zone by applying spatial statistics and density analysis. This study's results clearly showed the coastal areas having relatively high visitors in the southern sea of South Korea. Applied Flickr and Twitter information showed high correlation with field data, when proxy excluding over-estimation was applied and appropriate grid-scale was identified in assessment approach. Overall, this study offers insights to use social big data in Marine Spatial Planning for reflecting size and usage rate of coastal tourism, which can be used to designate conservation area and critical zones forintensive management to promote constant supply of cultural services.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.507-528
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• 2015

The Fish Collection Project collected 356 fish species from the Southern Sea of Korea during 2010-2012, 55 more than previously collected. The fishes belonged to 3 classes, 29 orders and 128 families. The 5 dominant orders, Perciformes, Scorpaeniformes, Pleuronectiformes, Tetraodontiformes, and Clupeiformes, accounted for ~80% of the identified species. Additionally, 126 species were collected from the Southern Sea for the first time, while 85 species that had been found in previous collections were not seen. The species variety of fish in the Southern Sea may be influenced by its unique oceanographic conditions such as increased water temperatures in coastal areas, so regular surveys would assist our understanding of the fish community. We suggest that various collection methods, including diving, be used to collect fish species inhabiting rocky shore or deep-sea areas, where commercial fishing gear is difficult to deploy.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.124-128
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• 2001

This study was carried out to determine the effect of various period of nursery on the growth, yield and labor saving of work by truncation on floral axis of Alisma plantago in the southern coastal areas of Korea. The growth characteristics such as p]ant height, number of leaves were more increased at 20 days of nursery period plot them that of nursery periods. The dried-root yield was highest then but the floral axis was lowest at the 20 days of nursery period plot then that of other nursery periods. Therefore optimum period on nursery of Alisma plantago was 20days of nursery period in southern areas of Korea.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.167-171
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• 2001

The magnitudes of sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies at 13 coastal stations along the Korean peninsula in the summer and winter for the past 29years (1969-1997) are more larger than those in the spring and autumn. The periods of positive SST anomalies (negative SST anomalies) longer than 1$^{\circ}C$ were 75(74.5) months in the eastern coast of Korea, 47.8(51.6) months in the southern coast of Korea and 69.5(69.8) months in the western coast of Korea during the past 348 months (1969-1997). The predominant periods of the low-pass filtered monthly SST anomalies are 3 years or 13 months, even another predominant period is 24 months. The spatial variation of SST anomalies were confined by regional seas of the Korean peninsula, such as the East Sea, the South Sea and the West Sea itself.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.124-128
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• 2005

Marine reservoir correction $({\Delta}R)$ values are measured using two species of mollusk tests collected by NFRDI in 1942 before nuclear bomb testing to convert the radiocarbon age to calendar age in Korean coastal waters more accurately. The ${\Delta}R$ values are calculated to be $-117\pm45\;^{14}C\;yr$ in the southwestern coast of Korea and $-160\pm35\;^{14}C\;yr$ in southeastern coast. These values are similar to those in Chinese coast of the Yellow Sea $(-81\pm60\~-178\pm50\;^{14}C\;yr$, indicating that regional reservoir $^{14}C$ ages of these areas are lower than mean global reservoir $^{14}C$ age. The lower ${\Delta}R$ values in these areas are presumed to be mainly caused by influence of fresh-water inflow. The ${\Delta}R$ values presented In this study enhance the accuracy in converting radiocarbon age to calendar age in Korean coastal waters.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.223-230
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• 1997

The skeletal chemistry of calcareous microfossils may contribute to the classification of various biological processes and be used as an environmental indicator for future pollution. In order to examine the degree of heavy metal pollutions in marine environments, samples of sediment and benthonic foraminifera were taken from 5 study areas from 3 different stations in coastal offshore regions of Korea. After sieving, cleaning and acid digestion, sample were analyzed for heavy metals by ICP-MS, ICP-AES and AAS. Concentrations of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn in most of marine sediments from 5 study areas are not higher than those in sediments from unpolluted marine environment in the U.K.. However, pollution indices are up to 0.96~0.99 in the Gwangyang and Yulchon areas which are classified as the special control distric along the coast for pollution. The pollution indices decrease in order of Yulchon > Gwangyang > Mokpo > Gamak = Yoja > Yonggwang areas. Concentrations of Mg, Pb, Sr and Zn in Ammonia beccarii Pseudorotalia gaimardii, Quinqueloculina lamarckiana are reduced after pre-treatment of samples. From the result of bioconcentration index, Mg is easily accumulated in microfossils and Quinqueloculina lamarckiana may be used as the best indicator for future pollution.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.123-135
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• 2010

Around Tongyeong coasts which located in southern coast of Korea composed to the complex coastal line and scattered by small islands. It also has been distributed to a complicated bathymetric structure by several types of channels. This study carried to analyze the spatial characteristics of macrobenthic community and benthic environmental variance on sub-tidal area based on multivariate statistics tools. Sediment composition varied from muddy sand to mud, and along the channels, it composed to a heterogeneous bottoms mixed by shell fragment, cobbles and mud. Organic contents on the surface sediment varied 1.1-3.9%. Total of 272 species, $33,349\;ind./m^2$ of macrobenthos identified in all of sample area. Polychaetes also prevailed among the specimen. L. longifolia, P. pinnata dominated based on density. Considering on the biomass, echinoderm S. lacunosa, A. tricoides listed. Closer to the coastal area, the density and diversity were higher. Community structure based on cluster analysis was discriminated into three groups. Each group was also characterized by geographical state such as depth, sediment composition. In addition, when applied to the bathymetric data, the channel, which composed to the mixed sediment, made a role of limited factor which characterized to benthic community. Because the specimen around the channel have been affected on the diverse sediment mixture. Most of benthic studies in the southern coast of Korea focused to the condition of benthic organic pollution spatially, because along the coast, it also developed a aquaculture ground and industrial complex. But, as results, most of the area, it turn out the less polluted areas nevertheless similar environment situation. It supposed that benthic community affect to the bottom sediment composition by physical characteristics.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.328-333
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• 2019

During the winter of 2017/2018, significantly low water temperatures were detected around the western and southern coasts of Korea (WSCK). In this period, sea surface temperature (SST) in the Korea Waters was about $2^{\circ}C$ lower than mean temperature. Using the real-time observation system, we analyzed the temporal variation of SST during this period around the western and southern coasts. Low water temperature usually manifested over a period of about 10 ~ 20 days. The daily Arctic oscillation index was also similarly detectable with the variation of SST. From the cross-correlation function, we compared two periodic variations, which were SST around the WSCK and the Arctic oscillation index. The cross correlation coefficients between both variations were approximately 0.3 ~ 0.4. The time lag of the two time series was about 6 to 7 days. Therefore, significantly low water temperatures during winter in the Korean coastal areas usually became detectable 6 to 7 days after the negative peak of Arctic oscillation.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.535-548
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• 1994

Community structures and fish densit were investigated on three different types of artificial reefs, dice, turtle artificial reef and tubes, constructed in the Korean waters. Variations of fish fauna according to type of artificial reef and the proper artificial reef in each area for optimizing harvest were discussed. Fish were captured by trammel gill net during May, June, September and November, 1988 and both identified and counted. Fourty-five fish species were found in the artificial reefs. Of these, Sebastes spp., Hexagrammos otakii, Pleuronectidae, Navodon modestus and Stephanolepis cirrhifer showed high occurrence-frequency. The dominant species groups were coastal settlement, demersal or rock fishes such as Pleuronectidae, Rajiformes, Stephanolepis cirrhifer, Navodon modestus, Hexagrammos otakii and Sebastes spp. in all of the Artificial reefs except the oceanic area of southern waters. Scomber japonicus was predominant in the oceanic area of southern waters. Composition of demersal, rock and pelagic fishes were different depending on the types of artificial reef. Dice artificial reefs were occupied by rock fish, on the other hand turtle artificial reefs were dominated by dermersal fish. Fish density was high at the dice artificial reef in all survey areas except the middle area of Eastern waters, with high fish density evident in the Tube artificial reef. Fish community structures were remarkably different between Dice and Turtle artificial reefs. The Tube artificial reef showed intermediate characteristics between the above two types of artificial reefs. The coastal areas of Southern waters and the middle and southern areas of Western waters revealed similar fish fauna. Results from the oceanic areas of Southern waters were well associated with the middle and southern areas of Eastern waters.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.259-265
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• 2018

To investigate the infection status of zoonotic trematode metacercariae in yellowfin goby, Acanthogobius flavimanus, from coastal areas of the Republic of Korea (Korea), we examined total 344 gobies from 21 localities with an artificial digestion method from 2013 to 2017. The metacercariae of Stictodora lari were most frequently detected in 45.3% goby from 7 localities, i.e., Taean-gun (Chungcheongnam-do), Gochang-gun (Jeollabuk-do), Muan-gun, Shinan-gun, Haenam-gun (Jeollanam-do), Hadong-gun and Goseong-gun (Gyeongsangnam-do). Their infection rates were 90.0%, 66.7%, 46.7%, 8.0%, 3.3%, 26.7%, and 86.7% and intensities were 1,090, 6.2, 1.6 1.0, 2.0, 2.0, and 7.2 metacercariae per fish infected respectively. Heterophyopsis continua metacercariae were found in 38.2% goby from 6 localities, i.e., Gochang-gun, Muan-gun, Shinan-gun, Gangjin-gun, Boseong-gun (Jeollanam-do) and Goseong-gun, and their intensities were relatively low, 1-21 metacercariae. Stictodora fuscata metacercariae were detected in 61.3% goby from 4 localities, i.e., Taean-gun, Gochang-gun, Hadong-gun and Goseong-gun. Their infection rates were 90.0%, 53.3%, 5.9%, and 73.3% and intensities were 1,081, 3.1, 3.0, and 10.2 metacercariae per fish infected respectively. Heterophyes nocens metacercariae were found in 55.0% goby from Muan-gun and Shinan-gun. Total 3 metacercariae of Isthmiophora hortensis were detected in 2 (8.0%) gobies from Shinan-gun. Total 15 metacercariae of Centrocestus armatus were detected in 5 gobies (33.3%) from Gyeongpo-ho (ho means lake) in Gangneung-si, Gangwon-do. The present study suggests that yellowfin goby, A. flavimanus, acts as the infection sources of zoonotic intestinal flukes in western and southern coastal areas than in eastern coastal areas of Korea.