• 한국항공운항학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.65-75
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• 2022

This study aims to forecast of Air Passenger Demand between South Korea and North Korea using the system dynamics analysis methodology that is based on the system thinking. System dynamics is not only a tool that makes the systematic thought to a model but also a computer program-based analysis methodology that mathematically models the system varying according to time variation. This study analyzed the causal relationship based on the interrelation among variables and structured them by considering various variables that affect aviation cooperation from the perspective of Air passenger demand forecasting. In addition, based on the causal relationship between variables, this study also completed the causal loop diagram that forms a feedback loop, constructed the stock-flow diagram of Inter-Korean model using Vensim program. In this study, Air passenger demand was using by the simulation variable value into System Dynamics. This study was difficult to reflect the various variables constituting the North Korea environment, and there is a limit to the occurrence of events in North Korea.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.157-172
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• 2002

This work aims to collect a biogeographic informations on the biota, alpine ecosystem, nature reserves, forest ecosystem of North Korea, and also to accumulate a basic data on the current situation and problem of the natural ecosystem of North Korea for the preparation of future cooperation and exchange between South and North Koreas. The obtained findings are as follow. First, North Korean biota contains 18,013 species, and consists of 6,710 plant species, including 3,860 species of vascular plants. Secondly, urgent investigation on the biogeographically important arctic-alpine and alpine plants and ecosystem, those are known to be endangered due to environmental change and global warming, is required. Thirdly, the conservations of diverse nature in North Korea are conducted by the introduction of various systems, such as nature preservation region, reserves for plant, animal and sea bird, and natural monuments. Fourthly, out of 9.5 million hectares of forest, one million hectares have already faced forest denudation, thus caused lots of damages for forest ecosystem. Sharp decline of North Korean forest land are due mainly to the expansion of terraced dry-field farming and deforestation. Recovery of denudated forest land should be approached by both South and North Korean sides to solve the problem of shortage of foods and restoration of natural ecosystem of North Korea.

• 기술사
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.17-26
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• 2000

This study has been done to make a practical suggestion in figuring out required size of electricity power facility in preparation for reunion of Korean Peninsula, estimated based on capacity increase and demand changes in the past. In making the suggestion, balanced development of South and North Korea Economy, recovery of existing power facilities, and construction of new power facilities were taken into consideration. As an alternatives, study result of power system interconnections in Korean Peninsula and/or in North-East Asia Region, PEACE Network, is suggested with a cooperation scheme of information and communications technology as an extra advantage. Concluded a cooperation of electric power system and information & communications technology in the peninsula is expected to be a great opportunity in developing electric power economy, maintaining clear environment, improving security of power supply in the region, and in reunion of Korean Peninsula and peace in the world.

• 무역학회지
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.13-30
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• 2021

The government of Vladimir Putin, which has been ruling Russia for a long period since 2000, has recently strived for the balanced development of underdeveloped regions and sustainable economic growth. Therefore, along with energy development in the Far East and Siberian regions, the government is promoting development projects on logistics and distribution infrastructure. It is also expanding the construction of innovative districts to develop cutting-edge technologies in the outskirts of Moscow. Amid these moves, South Korea is pushing for the New Northern Policy aimed at widening economic cooperation with European and North Asian countries to expand the scope and influence of the country's trade market. The previous year of 2020, marked the 30th anniversary of establishment of diplomatic relations between South Korea and Russia. In this context, this study was initiated to propose various measures for promoting economic cooperation and expanding trade between South Korea and Russia. Therefore, this study examined Russia's political and economic environment and explored its major industrial environment with a focus on the energy industry, innovative districts and infra facility. The study also examined the progress of a FTA between the Eurasian Economic Union, in which Russia currently takes the lead, and South Korea and recommended several measures to upgrade and accelerate economic cooperation between the two countries through research on a range of topics.

• 토지주택연구
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.101-106
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• 2015

남북간의 극심한 개발격차를 줄이기 위해서 우리는 중단기에 북한경제회생의 기반을 마련하는데 초점을 맞출 필요가 있다. 이러한 측면에서 식량부족과 에너지부족문제의 해결, 재해복구 등을 통한 경제회생의 기반 마련이 중요하다. 장기적으로는 남한지역과의 지역개발격차를 축소함과 동시에 북한지역내 균형발전을 도모하는 것이 필요하다. 향후 북한의 지역개발은 북한이 갖고 있는 정책과 우리의 정책 그리고 중국 등 주변국의 정책동향을 종합적으로 고려해서 추진할 필요가 있을 것이다. 북한의 지역개발을 위한 우리와 북한 그리고 국제사회의 협력은 다음과 같은 방향으로 추진될 필요가 있다. 먼저 한반도의 장기적인 발전측면에서 북한 지역발전의 성장동력을 육성 한 후 그 효과를 주변에 전파하는 것이 필요하다. 장기적으로 북한지역 발전의 중요한 동력이 될 첨단산업과 고부가 관광서비스산업(MICE), 물류산업 등을 육성하는 것이 필요하다. 북한의 지역별 여건과 지역발전의 효율성을 고려한 맞춤형 발전전략을 추진하는 것이 필요하다. 지역별 특성을 고려하여 제조업중심형, 관광서비스업중심형 발전 전략을 추진하는 것이 필요하다. 북한의 지역개발이 체계적이고 지속가능한 방식으로 진행되기 위해서는 정부와 민간 그리고 국제사회의 지속가능한 협력체계를 구축하는 것이 필요하다. 정부나 국제금융기구차원의 인프라지원과 민간의 투자를 연계할 수 있는 방안이 이러한 측면에서 모색될 필요가 있을 것이다. 북한의 지역개발이 성공적으로 추진됨으로써 한반도 공동번영의 토대를 마련하기 위해서는 우리내부적인 정책준비가 필요하다. 이러한 측면에서 북한 지역개발사업에 대한 우리 정부지원의 원칙과 기준을 분명하게 설정할 필요가 있다. 우리의 대북정책에 공간개발 마인드를 접목하는 것이 필요하다. 드레스덴 선언의 실현을 위한 세부 실천방안을 공간적 개발차원에서 검토하는 것이 필요하다. 북한 주민들의 민생인프라 개선과 지역개발을 접목하는 시각이 고려될 필요가 있다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.613-624
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• 2013

본 논문은 남북한 관광자원개발 계획특성에 대한 우선순위를 비교분석하는데 연구의 목적이 있다. 실증분석을 위한 자료수집은 남한과 북한 및 중국의 관광자원개발 전문가를 대상으로 하였다. 유효표본은 252부이었고, 남한에서 회수된 설문지는 154부, 중국에서 회수된 설문지는 98부였다. 조사기간은 2012년 5월 15일로부터 12월 5일까지 실시하였다. 분석결과를 보면 관광자원개발 계획영역별 우선순위 분석결과에서 남한은 개발내용이 우선순위 1위였고, 북한은 개발주체가 우선순위 1위로 평가되었다. 관광자원개발 평가대상별 우선순위 분석결과 개발내용 평가대상 가운데서 남한은 문화관광대상개발 북한은 자연관광대상개발, 개발목표 평가대상 가운데서는 남북한이 관광경제성, 개발형태 평가대상 가운데서 남한은 특수목적관광자원개발 북한은 관광특구(단지)개발, 그리고 개발주체 평가대상 가운데서는 남북한 모두 제3섹터형이 우선순위 1위로 평가되었다.

• 한국어교육
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.47-75
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• 2012

Korean Studies in China is centered on Korean language program and is very successful, creating and instilling positive images of Korea. In China, Korean Studies means both North Korea and South Korea and is called "Korean Studies," "Chosun Studies," "Peninsula Studies" or "Chosun Peninsula Studies." Korean Studies includes international economics, South Korea-North Korea relations, Korea-China relations, centering on international relations as well as domestic issues of South Korea and North Korea. It has continued to develop despite limitations due to South and North Koreas' domestic political situations. However, changing in Korea-China relations is an important factor in expansion of Korean Studies. According to the time period, subjects and the areas of studies vary, significantly affecting the results. Despite the fact that Korean Studies in China has experienced identity crisis, it continues to maintain Chinese perspective, endeavoring to form Chinese Studies School. It is developing to promote friendship and cooperation between the two countries as well as to enhance economic ties. Presently researching on Korean Studies and Korean language education in China is influenced by practical motives and needs, rather than pure academic purposes. This study analyzes what Korean Studies in China means and how it has progressed. After examining Chinese scholars' identities and differences in their approaches, I plan to propose the direction for Korean Studies in China.

• 의료법학
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.47-82
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• 2019

남북 간의 교류와 협력은 그 과정에서 불가피하게 여러 가지 법적 분쟁을 야기할 수 있는데, 그 중에 하나가 인신사고로 인한 손해배상 문제이다. 이 글의 목적은 인신사고로 인한 손해액 산정에 관한 북한법의 내용을 살펴보고 이를 남한법과 비교함으로써, 남북한 주민 간의 손해배상사건에 있어서 분쟁해결의 기준을 제시하는 데 있다. 향후 남북간의 교류와 협력이 확대될 것으로 예상됨에 따라, 북한의 손해배상법에 대한 이해는 매우 중요하고 시급한 과제이다. 남한 민법에는 인신사고로 인한 손해액 산정과 관련한 구체적인 규정을 두고 있지 않기 때문에, 손해액 산정에 관한 구체적인 기준은 법원의 판례를 통해서 정해지게 된다. 남한의 법원은 인신사고로 인한 손해를 적극적 재산상 손해, 소극적 재산상 손해, 정신적 손해로 나누어서 각각의 손해액을 산정한다. 반면, 북한 손해보상법은 인신사고를 1) 건강을 침해한 경우(제41조), 2) 건강을 침해하여 장애를 남긴 경우(제42조), 3) 인신 침해로 사망에 이르게 한 경우(제44조)로 나누어서 그에 따른 손해의 항목을 구체적으로 규정하고, 손해액 산정에 관한 규정(제43조, 제51조)을 두고 있다. 또한, 남한에서는 신체사고에 대한 정신적 손해배상을 넓게 인정하고 있으나, 북한에서는 정신적 손해배상을 원칙적으로 인정하고 있지 않다.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.91-120
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• 2020

The Scope of Application of North Korea's Foreign Economic Arbitration Act and Foreign Investment Act This article examines whether the Foreign Economic Arbitration Act and the Foreign Investment Act of North Korea apply to South Korean parties or companies. This article analyzes laws and agreements related to economic cooperation between South Korea and North Korea. Furthermore, this article compares and evaluates laws related to foreign investment and enacted in North Korea. Now, North Korea's door is closed due to economic sanctions against it, but it will be opened soon. Thus, this article prepares for the future opening of North Korea's markets. Is there a rule of laws in North Korea or just a ruler? Are there laws in North Korea? North Korea has enacted a number of legislation to attract foreign investors, referring to those Chinese laws. For example, North Korea enacted the Foreigner Investment Act, the Foreigner Company Act, the Foreign Investment Bank Act, the Foreign Economic Arbitration Act, the Foreign Economic Contract Act, the International Trade Act, and the Free Economy and Trade Zone Act, among others. Article 2 (2) of the Foreign Investment Law of North Korea states, "Foreign investors are corporations and individuals from other countries investing in our country." It is interpreted that South Korea is not included in the "other countries" of this definition. According to many mutual agreements signed by South Korea and North Korea, the relationship between the two Koreas is a special relation inside the Korean ethnic group. An arbitration between a South Korean party and a North Korean party has the characteristics of both domestic arbitrations and international arbitrations. If the South Korea and North Korea Commercial Arbitration Commission or the Kaesong Industrial Complex Arbitration Commission is not established, the possibility of arbitration by the Chosun International Trade Arbitration Commission, established under North Korea's Foreign Economic Arbitration Act, should be examined. There have been no cases where the Foreign Economic Arbitration Act is applied to disputes between parties of South Korea and North Korea. It might be possible to apply the Foreign Economic Arbitration Act by recognizing the "foreign factor" of a dispute between the South Korean party and North Korean party. It is necessary to raise legislative clarifications by revising the North Korea's Foreign Economic Arbitration Act as to whether Korean parties or companies are included in the scope of this Act's application. Even if it is interpreted that South Korean parties or companies are not included in the scope of North Korea's Foreign Economic Arbitration Act, disputes between South Korean companies and North Korean companies can be resolved by foreign arbitration institutes such as CIETAC in China, HKIAC in Hong Kong, or SIAC in Singapore. Such arbitration awards could be enforced in North Korea pursuant to Article 64 of North Korea's Foreign Economic Arbitration Act. This is because the arbitration awards of foreign arbitration institutes are included in the scope of North Korea's Foreign Economic Arbitration Act. The matter is how to enforce the North Korean laws when a North Korean party or North Korean government does not abide by the laws or their contracts. It is essential for North Korea to join the New York Convention (Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards) and the ICSID Convention (Convention on the Settlement of Investment Disputes Between States and Nationals of Other States).

• Strategy21
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• 통권31호
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• pp.57-84
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• 2013

North Korea's continuous threats and provocative behaviors have aggravated tension on the Korean peninsula particularly with the recent nuclear weapons test. South Korea's best way to cope with this situation is to maintain the balance among three policy directions: dialogue, sanctions, and deterrence. Among the three, I argue that deterrence should be prioritized. There are different sources of deterrence such as military power, economic power, and diplomatic clouts. States can build deterrence capability independently. Alternatively, they may do so through relations with other states including alliances, bilateral relations, or multilateral relations in the international community. What South Korea needs most urgently is to maintain deterrence against North Korea's local provocations through the enhancement of independent military capability particularly by addressing the asymmetric vulnerability between militaries of the South and the North. Most of all, the South Korean government should recognize the seriousness of the negative consequences that North Korea's 'Nuclear shadow strategy' would bring about for the inter-Korea relations and security situations in Northeast Asia. Based on this understanding, it should develop an 'assertive deterrence strategy' that emphasizes 'multi-purpose, multi-stage, and tailored deterrence whose main idea lies in punitive retaliation.' This deterrence strategy requires a flexible targeting policy and a variety of retaliatory measures capable of taking out all targets in North Korea. At the same time, the force structures of the army, the air force, and the navy should be improved in a way that maximizes their deterrence capability. For example, the army should work on expanding the guided missile command and the special forces command and reforming the reserve forces. The navy and the air force should increase striking capabilities including air-to-ground, ship-to-ground, and submarine-to-ground strikes to a great extent. The marine corps can enhance its deterrence capability by changing the force structure from the stationary defense-oriented one that would have to suffer some degree of troop attrition at the early stage of hostilities to the one that focuses on 'counteroffensive landing operations.' The government should continue efforts for defense reform in order to obtain these capabilities while building the 'Korean-style triad system' that consists of advanced air, ground, and surface/ subsurface weapon systems. Besides these measures, South Korea should start to acquire a minimum level of nuclear potential within the legal boundary that the international law defines. For this, South Korea should withdraw from the Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty. Moreover, it should obtain the right to process and enrich uranium through changing the U.S.-South Korea nuclear cooperation treaty. Whether or not we should be armed with nuclear weapons should not be understood in terms of "all or nothing." We should consider an 'in-between' option as the Japanese case proves. With regard to the wartime OPCON transition, we need to re-consider the timing of the transition as an effort to demonstrate the costliness of North Korea's provocative behaviors. If impossible, South Korea should take measures to make the Strategic Alliance 2015 serve as a persisting deterrence system against North Korea. As the last point, all the following governments of South Korea should keep in mind that continuing reconciliatory efforts should always be pursued along with other security policies toward North Korea.