• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.667-677
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• 2004

This study was conducted to examine contents of mineral, viscosity in the Demi-glace with added quantity of Omija extracts. Firstly, The level of mineral content in order was K, Na, P, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn, B. The more Omija extracts, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn, B was increased, but K, Na, P was decreased. Secondly, Viscosity of control was 538.13cP at rpm 100, and the sauce added with Omija extracts was $464.80{\sim}578.00cP$. Regardless of Omija quantity there was Psedoplastic characteristic which showed apparent viscosity was decreased even though shear rate was increased. Thirdly, Sensory characteristics of Demi-glace sauces based on preference of 5 tastes, It was founded that 2% added Omija was the best, and 1%, 0%, 3%, 5% added Omija was next in order. Finally, Sensory intensities of Demi-glace sauces based on gender and occupation of the 5 tastes : As the sourness, bitterness, hotness, salines taste of all over was Omija added quantity was many more, appeared strong intensity, it was sensory intensities of 5% Omija added sauce was the highest. But sensory intensities of sweetness, Male showed 2% Omija added sauce, Female student and cook showed control was the highest.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.320-327
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• 2013

The quality characteristics of Omija (Schizandra chinesis Baillon) extracts under various extraction temperatures and times were examined. The pH level of the extracts ranged from 3.35-3.47. The sugar and solid content of the samples significantly increased with increasing extraction temperatures and times (p<0.01). In contrast, the lightness of the extracts decreased with increasing extraction temperatures and times (p<0.001). In a palatability test, extracts boiled at $80^{\circ}C$ for 30 minutes scored high in terms of color, flavor, turbidity, sourness, and overall acceptability. Hydroxy radical scavenging activity and polyphenol content of the extracts significantly increased with increasing extraction temperatures and times (p<0.01). Furthermore, direct correlations between hydroxy radical scavenging activity and polyphenol content (or flavonoid content) were established through simple regression (r>0.9) for different extraction temperatures and times. From these results, extracts boiled at $80^{\circ}C$ for 120 minutes is the best to product omija beverage considering functionality and sensory evaluation as well.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.417-425
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• 2020

There is a growing global interest in food choices that could affect health. Consumer food choices are dictated by numerous factors such as attitudes, beliefs, desires and preferences stemming from psychological and physiological attributes. The present study aimed to understand consumers' internal perceptions about cream soup, cream sauce, and tomato sauce using ZMET (Zaltman's Metaphor Elicitation Technique). The 9 step ZMET interview process was conducted for a sample of 36 consumers (12 consumers for each sauce). A content analysis of the survey results was carried out. From this, 56 concepts of cream soup were derived, and 15 constructs that met with the agreement of more than one-third of the total sample consumers were extracted. These 15 constructs included 'Soft', 'Recollection', 'Familiar', 'Warm', 'Comfortable', etc. Similarly, for cream sauce, 67 concepts and 20 constructs 'Silky', 'Warm', 'Restaurant', 'Family', 'Memory', etc. were deduced. A total of 66 concepts and 20 constructs for tomato sauce 'Sourness', 'Sauce Bottle', 'Pleasant', 'Ingredient', 'Cooking', etc. were derived. The analysis of consumers' consensus maps through this study provides a deep and useful understanding of consumers and their latent needs. Also, the results of this study indicate that exploring consumers' internal perceptions is critical to understanding their healthy food choices. This can be used as basic data for formulating marketing strategies.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.137-146
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• 2017

This study was conducted to examine the sensory quality characteristics of Hobakjook (pumpkin porridge) samples prepared with 0%, 4%, 8%, 12%, 16% of waxy rice powder and non-waxy rice powder. The moisture content and spreadability decreased with the addition of waxy and non-waxy rice powder, while total soluble solid and viscosity increased with the addition of rice powder (p<0.001). The lightness (L-values) of Hobakjook significantly increased with the addition of both rice powder, but the yellowness (b-values) decreased. In the attribute difference test of sensory evaluation, yellowness, gloss, pumpkin flavor, sourness, smoothness and intensity of after-taste were amount-dependently decreased with the addition of both rice powders. However, sweetness, savory flavor, astringency, gelatinized rice flavor, and viscosity significantly increased as the amount of rice powder increased. The rankings of overall acceptance by consumers were 12% > 16% > 8% > CON (0%) & 4% for Hobakjook samples with waxy rice powder, while 8% & 12% > 16% > CON(0%) & 4% for Hobakjook samples with non-waxy rice powder. However, there was no significant preference between waxy rice powder and non-waxy rice powder.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.1205-1211
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• 2003

This study was designed to examine the effect of microencapsulated iron-fortified Cheddar cheese and L-ascorbic acid as a bioavailable helper of iron on chemical and sensory aspects. Coating material was PGMS, and ferric ammonium sulfate and Lascorbic acid were selected as core materials. The highest efficiency of microencapsulation of iron and L-ascorbic acid were 72 and 94%, respectively, with 5:1:50 ratio (w/w/v) as coating to core material to distilled water. TBA absorbance was significantly lower in microencapsulated treatments than those in uncapsulated treatments during ripening. The productions of short-chain free fatty acid and neutral volatile compound were not significantly different among treatments during ripening periods. In sensory aspects, bitterness, astrigency and sourness were higher in Cheddar cheese fortified with microencapsulated iron and uncapsulated L-ascorbic acid than others. The present study indicated that fortification of iron as well as L-ascorbic acid did not show any defect problem to Cheddar cheese, and suggested the possibility of iron fortification of Cheddar cheese.

• Food Quality and Culture
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.43-47
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• 2008

This study examined the quality characteristics of Jeungpyun prepared with different additions of nano-filtered (NF) tofu whey concentrates. The initial pH values of the Jeungpyun batters ranged from 5.64 to 5.78, and decreased to 4.77-4.98 after 4 hours of fermentation at $35^{\circ}C$. The volume and specific volume values of the control Jeungpyun were lower than those of Jeungpyun samples prepared with 1%, 2%, and 3% NF powder. The color of the Jeungpyun became increasingly greenish-yellow as the NF powder level increased. Hardness and brittleness decreased with increasing NF powder content, while cohesiveness and springiness were not significantly different. Sensory evaluations revealed that as the level of NF powder increased, takju smell and sourness increased, but no significant differences were observed for sweetness and moistness between the control and NF powder groups. In terms of overall acceptability, the results revealed that Jeungpyun can be prepared with up to 1% NF powder in place of rice powder and be deemed as acceptable as a control Jeungpyun product.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.460-465
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• 2008

The objective of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant properties and sensory qualities of citron peel tea, and to determine the optimum ratio of citron peel powder for its preparation. Yuza peel powders were prepared with citron peel tea at weight 2 and 3 g, respectively. Then, color values(L-value, redness, and yellowness), total phenol content, total antioxidant activity, DPPH radical scavenging activity, and sensory characteristics were measured in the tea samples. The pH of the citron peel tea decreased with increasing preparation temperature. And as the amount of citron peel powder increased, total phenol content, antioxidant capacity, and radical scavenging activity increased. The level of total phenolics in the tea had a higher correlation with total antioxidant capacity($r^2$ = 0.731). Depending on the level of added yuza powder, significant differences(p < 0.05) were shown for aroma, color, and overall acceptability however, there were no significant differences in sourness and bitterness.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.412-418
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• 2008

In this study, Sulgidduk samples were prepared with substitutions of 1, 2, 3, and 4% tomato powder, along with a control, and were then analyzed for quality characteristics such as moisture content, water activity, color, textural characteristics, and sensory qualities, in order to determine the optimal ratio of tomato powder in the formulation. According to the results, moisture content and water activity were not significantly different among the Sulgidduk samples. In terms of color, as the level of tomato powder content increased, lightness decreased, while the a-value (+redness/-greenness), and yellowness increased. For the textural characteristics, the samples showed significant differences for hardness, adhesiveness, and gumminess, while fracturability was not significantly different. In addition, the samples containing tomato powder presented significantly higher springiness, cohesiveness(except the 1% substitution level), chewiness, and resilience than the control group. In the sensory evaluation, the control group had significantly higher scores for color and flavor as compared to the tomato powder samples. Furthermore, flavor and overall acceptability decreased, while tomato flavor, sourness, and off-flavor increased with increasing tomato powder content. Sweetness and after-taste were not significantly different among the samples. In conclusion, the results indicate that substituting 2${\sim}$3% tomato powder in Sulgidduk is optimal for quality, and provides a product with reasonably high overall acceptability.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.375-381
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to determine the most desirable mixture ratio of tomato powder to rice flour for the preparation of tomato Sulgidduk(Sulgidduk containing tomato powder). The moisture contents of samples ranged from 38% to 42%. The L-value decreased, while a- and b-values increased, with increasing amounts of added tomato powder. Also, the pH of samples decreased with increasing amounts of tomato powder. In the mechanical evaluation of physical properties, hardness, adhesiveness, cohesiveness and springiness decreased with increasing tomato powder content. And throughout the storage period, gumminess and chewiness decreased. Based on sensory evaluations, the tomato power intensified the color, flavor, sweetness and sourness of the Sulgidduk. The sample containing 6% tomato powder had the highest softness, moistness, chewiness and the overall-acceptability scores. Consequently, the addition of 6% tomato powder to the rice flour was determined to be the best formula for tomato Sulgidduk in terms of the sensory qualities such as softness, moistness, chewiness and overall-acceptability.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.766-772
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to find out the optimal mixing ratios of Mal-Cha for the preparation of Jeung-Pyun through sensory and mechanical tests. The proximate composition of Mal-Cha were $5.46\pm0.15\%$ of moisture, $4.43\pm0.11\%$ of total nitrogen, $7.52\pm0.21\%$ of crude lipid, $8.74\%$ of crude fiber, $8.51\pm0.09\%$ of ash. Overall quality of Jeung-Pyun with $1.5\%$ Mal-Cha was the worst compare with 0, 0.5 and $1.0\%$ ones(p<0.05). Especially, $1.0\%$ Mal-Cha Jeung-Pyun showed the best overall quality. But the sweetness, sourness, flavor, hardness, and moistnes were not significantly different among all the treatments. Acceptabilities of 0.5 and $1.0\%$ Mal-Cha Jeung-Pyuns were not significantly different from that of the control in their sensory and mechanical qualities. Total color difference increased with the amount of Mal-Cha significantly(p<0.001).