• Title/Summary/Keyword: sourness

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Comparison between Torilis japonica and Cnidium monnieri Using DNA Sequencing and Taste Pattern Analysis (DNA 염기서열과 미각패턴 분석을 이용한 사상자와 벌사상자의 감별)

  • Kim, Young Hwa;Kim, Young Seon;Chae, Sungwook;Lee, Mi Young
    • The Korea Journal of Herbology
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    • v.28 no.6
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    • pp.9-14
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    • 2013
  • Objectives : Cnidii Fructus is prescribed as the fruit of Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cusson or Torilis japonica (Houtt.) DC. in Korea pharmacopoeia. Although there are differences in the composition of useful components, two species have been used without distinction. In order to discriminate them, DNA sequencing and taste pattern analysis were used in this study. Methods : Primers ITS 1 and ITS 4 were used to amplify the intergenic transcribed spacer(ITS) region of nuclear ribosomal DNA from seven T. japonica and six C. monnieri samples. Taste pattern of samples were measured by using taste-sensing system SA402B equipped with five foodstuff sensors(CT0, C00, AAE, CA0, and AE1). The five initial taste(sourness, bitterness, astringency, umami, and saltiness) and three aftertaste(aftertaste of bitterness, astringency, and umami) of two species were compared. Results : According to the results of ITS region sequence analysis, two species showed 94 base pairs differences. The similarity of two sequences was 85%. From the taste pattern analysis, sourness, bitterness, aftertaste of bitterness(aftertaste-B), and umami showed a different pattern. Especially, bitterness and aftertaste-B of C. monnieri were significantly higher than T. japonica. In addition, two species were shown to have two markedly different clustering by these two flavors. Conclusion : T. japonica and C. monnieri were effectively discriminated using DNA sequencing and taste pattern analysis. These methods can be used to identify the origin of traditional medicine in order to maintain therapeutic efficacy.

Correlations between quality indices and consumer acceptance in environment-friendly 'Campbell early' grapes (친환경 포도의 품질 인자와 소비자 기호도의 상관성 분석)

  • Lee, Da Uhm;Bae, Jeong Mi;Ku, Kyung Hyung;Choi, Jeong Hee
    • Food Science and Preservation
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    • v.23 no.7
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    • pp.1058-1064
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    • 2016
  • This study investigated the correlation between physicochemical (color, soluble solids content (SSC), pH, titratable acidity (TA), and firmness) and sensory (appearance, taste, odor, and texture) characteristics of environment-friendly 'Campbell early' grapes to identify quality indices. For analysis, samples of similar-sized grapes were collected from five orchards. The results showed that the physicochemical characteristics of CIE $L^*$, CIE $a^*/b^*$, SSC, pH, TA, and firmness and the sensorial characteristics of color intensity, freshness of stem, odor, sourness, sweetness, and elasticity were different among groups. Correlation analysis results showed that an increase in sweetness and firmness and a decrease in sourness were associated with an increase in overall acceptance. Sourness and sweetness were positively correlated with CIE $L^*$ (r=0.88) and firmness (r=0.95), individually. In the principal component analysis results, component F1 and F2 explained 44.35% and 33.77%, respectively, of the total variance (78.12%). F1 represented firmness, sweetness, elasticity, hardness, grape odor, color intensity, sweet odor, sourness, and damage degree. F2 represented CIE $L^*$, TA, CIE $a^*$, CIE $a^*/b^*$, SSC/TA, SSC, and peel thickness. The results showed that consumer acceptance of 'Campbell early' grapes can be determined by assessing physicochemical attributes of firmness, CIE $L^*$, TA, CIE $a^*$, CIE $a^*/b^*$, SSC/TA, and SSC and various sensorial attributes including sweetness, fruit elasticity, fruit hardness, grape odor, and color intensity.

Characteristics of Calcium Added Grape Jelly Developed for Children (칼슘을 첨가한 어린이용 포도편의 제조 및 품질 특성 연구)

  • Chung, Hae-Kyung;Chang, Young-Eun;Song, Eun-Seung
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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    • v.12 no.5
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    • pp.561-565
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    • 1997
  • This study was done to develop the standard recipe for nutritious cowpea starch based grape jelly. The effects of grape juice concentration (4, 8, 12%) and 0.2% calcium addition were evaluated on textural and sensory properties of grape jelly through the instrumental analysis using rheometer and sensory evaluation. Instrumental analysis showed that hardness, chewiness and gumminess of grape jelly was incerased significantly In jelly made of higher concentration of grape juice, and also in 0.2% calcium containing jelly. According to sensory evaluation, higher grape juice contains jelly showed advantages in preference of color and overall quality. Calcium addition increased sourness in sensory score. Overall, 12% grape juice and 0.2% calcium containing jelly was most preferable, which means calcium fortified cowpea starch based grape jelly was successful try for nutritious and practical food for elementary school foodservice.

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Changes in Chlorphyll Contents and Volatile Compounds of Angelica keiskei Kimchi during Fermentation (신선초 김치 숙성 중 Chlorophyll 함량 및 휘발성 향기 성분의 변화)

  • 전순실;조영숙;심선엽;손미예;최성희;이상래
    • The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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    • v.13 no.1
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    • pp.59-65
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    • 2000
  • Changes in the contents of volatiles and chlorphylls of Angelica keiskei Kimchi during fermentation were investigated. Total chlorphyll contents decreased gradually during the fermentatin period. Chlorphyll a decreased rapidly from 1.38 to 0.5$\mu\textrm{g}$/cm by the 5th day of fermentation with no further changes at 7th day, while chlorophyll b did not show any change by 3rd day and decomposed rapidly thereafter. Major voltile compounds identified in the kimchi were sabinene, $\alpha$-pinene and $\alpha$-terpinolene, which were gradually decreased during fermentation. There were significant differnce in color, sourness, bitterness and overall acceptability in sernsory evauation of Angelica keiskei Kimchi during fermentation at 2$0^{\circ}C$.

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The effects of partial replacement of rice flour with wheat flour and fermentationi time on the characteristics of Jeung-Pyun (밀가루 첨가 및 발효시간에 따른 증편의 특성)

  • 김영희
    • Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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    • v.23 no.3
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    • pp.63-73
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    • 1985
  • This study was conducted to investigate the effects of fermentation time and the proportion of wheat flour to rice flour on Jeung-Pyun's texture. Textural characteristics were examined through sensory Evaluation and Instron Universal testing machine. The properties examined through sensory evaluation were grain, softness, sourness, chewiness and overall quality. Wigh Instron, hardness, cohesivenessm elasticity, gumminess and chewiness were measured. RESULTS : 1. Sensory evaluation data indicated that Jeung-Pyun containing 25% wheat flour and fermented 2 hrs were obtained higher scores than any other Jeug-Pyuns in the grain, softness and overall quality. 2. pHs of Jeung-pyundough and Jeung-Pyun containing 100% rice flour were lower than pHs of those with wheat flour added. 3. Volume of Jeung-Pyun increased as the proportion of wheat flour to rice flour and the length of fermentation time increased. 4. Instron measurement indicated that the hardness of Jeung-Pyun with 50% wheat flour added and 2hrs fermentation time was higher than of others.

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Effect of Chitosan on Storage Stability of Nabak Kimchi (나박김치의 저장성 향상을 위한 Chitosan 첨가의 효과)

  • 전순실
    • Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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    • v.11 no.1
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    • pp.111-117
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    • 1998
  • The effect of chitosan on physicochemical and organoleptic properties of Nabak kimchi was studied during fermentation at 2$0^{\circ}C$ . Viscosity of the juice of Nabak kimchi added with chitosan was lower than that of control group. The viscosity was gradually increased during storage period, especially from 5 days to ,7 days of storage. Initial pH was higher in control group than inchitosan groups. The pH of controlgroup decreased rapidly during 4 days of storage. The pH of chitosan groups was slightly increased during the first 3 days of storage and decreased thereafter. Acidity was rapidly increased from 3 to 5 days. Reducing sugar contents increased up to 3 days and decreased thereafter. Acidity was rapidly increased from 3 to 5 days. Reducing sugar contents increased upto 3 days and decreased therafter. Glutamic acid, alanine, threonine, aspartic acid, proline and valine were the major free amino acids, and as the fermentation preceeded they were increased gradually. There were signigicant differences in saltiness, sourness and aged odor in sensory evaluation of Nabak kimchi solution during fermentation at 2$0^{\circ}C$.

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A Study of Textural Properties and Preferences of Fruit Pectin Jelly (펙틴을 이용한 과즙젤리의 질감특성과 기호도 연구)

  • Choi, Ji-Young;Song, Eun-Seung;Chung, Hae-Kyung
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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    • v.9 no.3
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    • pp.259-266
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    • 1994
  • This study was done to evaluate the effects of grape variety, pH and sugar contents on textural and sensory properties of grape pectin jelly. As a gelling agent, pectin 1% was selected due to highest sensory scores in preparatory experiments and also nutritional and economical reasons. To get the proximate composition of grape extract, moisture, pH, reducing sugar, and total titratable acidity was measured. Grape pectin jellies, made by 12 different recipies, were tested by sensory and instrumental evaluatoin. The results were as follows; 1) Hardness and chewiness were lowered in grape jelly which has lower pH and lower sugar contents. 2) People preferred grape jelly which has lower hardness, brittleness and sweetness, and higher sourness. 3) Comparing overall quality, Recipe C1 in Jelly 1 and recipe B1 in Jelly 2 were chosen as best. 4) Sensory hardness showed positive correlation with instrumental hardness, brittleness and chewiness.

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Effects of Beef Bone Extracts on Quality of Baeck Kimchi (사골 국물이 백김치의 품질에 미치는 영향)

  • 박영희;박소희;이종호;조재선
    • Korean journal of food and cookery science
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    • v.19 no.2
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    • pp.188-194
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    • 2003
  • This study was conducted to investigate the effect of beef bone extracts on the organoleptic quality and fermentation of Baeck Kimchi. For this study, the organoleptic characteristics of Baeck Kimchi, with addition beef bone extracts were tested, and the changes in the fermentation factors, such as pH, acidity, reducing sugar and total microbial count, were observed during fermentation at 10$^{\circ}C$ and 20$^{\circ}C$. Greater amounts of lipids and soluble nitrogen were extracted to increasing the boiling time for the preparation of the beef bone extracts. However, 1% of the mixed beef bone extracts, prepared by boiling for 5, 7 and 9 hours, was the most acceptable for the Baeck Kimchi fermentation, as assessed from the results of sensory consumer tests. The beef bone extracts enhanced the umami taste of the unfermented Baeck Kimchi. The carbonated taste, sourness and fresh flavor of the fermented Baeck Kimchi were also enhanced. The fermentation rate was increased by the addition of beef bone extracts to Baeck Kimchi.

Changes in Texture and Sensory Properties of Low-Temperature and Long-Term Fermented Baechu Kimchi during the Fermentation (묵은 배추김치 제조과정에서의 텍스쳐 및 관능적 특성 변화)

  • Chung, Hee-Jong;Kim, Hyung-Ryang;Yoo, Maeng-Ja
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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    • v.20 no.4
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    • pp.426-432
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    • 2005
  • To develop a low-temperature and long-term fermented Baechu kimchi, kimchi was prepared according to a recipe of specific ratio with major and minor ingredients and adjusted its final salinity to 3.7%. Baechu kimchi fermented at $15{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ 24 hours and transferred them into in a refrigerator only for kimchi, and then continued to ferment at $-1{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ for 30 weeks to make a low-temperature and long-term fermented kimchi. The initial cutting force of 8.45kgf dropped gradually and reached to 5.19kgf after 30 weeks of fermentation. In compression force the gumminess, hardness and chewiness of Baechu kimchi showed a great decrease during the fermentation, but the springiness and adhesiveness increased in slight. Correlation coefficient between the chewiness and gumminess was the highest(r=0.879). In spite of sensory evaluation scores of the appearance and texture were the highest on 0 day of fermentation, the saltiness was evaluated the worst to eat. Scores for sourness and carbonated flavor were the best during 18 to 22 weeks of fermentation, and overall acceptability was the best after 14 weeks of fermentation. Very high correlation coefficients were revealed between the sourness and carbonated flavor(r=0.813) and between the sourness and off-flavor(r=0.805). According to these results we concluded that the best low-temperature and long-term fermented Baechu kimchi prepared with 3.7% salinity and fermented at $15{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ for 24 hours and then transferred into a kimchi refrigerator at $-1{\pm}1^{\circ}C$, and completed the fermentation for 18 weeks.

Fermentation Characteristics of Takju Prepared with Old Rice (묵은 쌀(古米)을 사용한 탁주의 발효 특성)

  • Park, Jin-Ho;Bae, Sang-Myeon;Yook, Cheol;Kim, Jae-Sik
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.36 no.4
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    • pp.609-615
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    • 2004
  • Old rice showed higher initial pasting and peak viscosity temperatures than new rice. Reducing sugar contents of rice harvested in 1998 were lowest 24hr after digestion with saccharification enzyme, but similar after 36hr, among rice samples tested. Fermentation characteristics and preference of Takju made by fermenting raw rice harvested from 1998 to 2001 far 7 days were investigated. Alcohol contents during Takju brewing rapidly increased for 5 days to 17.3-18.1%, and were 17.5-18.2% on day 7, with those of Takju brewed with rice harvested in 1998 being highest in both cases. Sensory evaluation results showed Takju fermented with rice harvested in 2000 had highest sweetness, preference, and sourness, and that fermented with rice harvested in 1999 had highest sourness, but no voluntariness was shown between each other (meaning not clear). Moisture contents and gelatinization characteristics of old and new rice were slightly different, although factors adversely affecting Takju such as flavor of old rice did not appear in sensory evaluation probably because old rice was stored in rice bran farm for long times and used after milling. Results reveal surplus old rice could be utilized for Takju brewing.