• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.125-133
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• 2019

A microscope is the fundamental research and diagnostic apparatus for clinical investigation of signaling transduction, morphological changes and physiological tracking of cells and intact tissues from patients in the biomedical laboratory science. Proper use, care and maintenance of microscope with comprehensive understanding in mechanism are fully requested for reliable image data and accurate interpretation for diagnosis in the clinical laboratory. The standard operating procedure (SOP) for light microscopes includes performance procedure, brief information of all mechanical parts of microscopes with systematic troubleshooting mechanism depending on the laboratory capacity. Maintenance program encompasses cleaning objective, ocular lenses and inner optics; replacement and calibration of light source; XY sample stage management; point spread function (PSF) measurement for confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM); quality control (QC) program in fluorescent microscopy; and systematic troubleshooting. Laser safety is one of the concern for medical technologists engaged in CLSM laboratory. Laser safety guideline based on the laser classification and risk level, and advisory lab wear for CLSM users are also expatiated in this overview. Since acquired image data presents a wide range of information at the moment of acquisition, well-maintained microscopes with proper microscopic maintenance program are impulsive for its interpretation and diagnosis in the clinical laboratory.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.34-44
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• 2021

In order to collect basic information of response behavior of red seabream (Pagrus major) during pilling, works for constructing wind power station in Byeonsan Peninsular, Korea were investigated. Four cultured red seabream CRB1 to CRB4 [total length (TL): 27.1 ± 1.0 cm; body weight: 359 ± 30 g] were tagged with an acoustic tag and used in experiment. CRB1 and CRB2 to CBR4 were released on the sea surface at same time around the constructing site of the wind power plant on September 22, 2017 and July 18, 2018, respectively. The tracking of the CRB1 to CRB2 and CRB3 to CRB4 were conducted for two hours, approximately, using VR100 receiver including a directional hydrophone and VR2W receivers array consisted of 19 presence/absence receivers (VR2W receivers), respectively. The underwater noise level before (no pile driving works) and during pile driving works was measured 116.0-118.0 dB (re 1��Pa) and a maximum of 160 dB (re 1��Pa), respectively. CRB1 moved about 6.0 km with average swimming speed of 80.2 ± 20.5 cm/s for 2.1 hours without pile driving work. The average water depth of the sea bed on the route of CRB1 was 9.1 ± 0.4 m. CRB2 moved about 7.3 km with the average swimming speed of 96.8 ± 27.1 cm/s for 2.1 hours with pile driving work. The water depth of the sea bed on the route of CRB2 was 11.9 ± 0.6 m. At results of the Rayleigh's z-test two fishes CRB1 and CRB2 showed significant directionality in the movement (p < 0.01). Movement mean angles of CRB1 and CRB2 were 92.7 and 251.8°, respectively. CRB2, CRB3 and CRB4 exhibited the escaping behavioral response from the noise of source during the pile driving work. The swimming speed of the CRB2 exposed on the heavy underwater noise stimuli due to the pile driving work was 1.21 times faster than that of the CRB1 exposed on the ambient underwater noise in the study site.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.37-47
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• 2023

The black cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel), is an important crop pest worldwide that feeds more than 80 plant species including cabbage, potato, maize, wheat and bean, and this moth is a typical pest attacking underground parts of crops. It has been known in farm booklets that the larvae of A. ipsilon overwinter in the soil in Korea, but no definitive data exist yet. This study was conducted to evaluate that the specific appearance time of A. ipsilon observed actually in the field could be explained when we assumed that this pest overwinters in a form of larvae or pupae. Degree day-based phenology models were applied for tracking forward or backward to find the predicted developmental stage which developed at a specific stage found in the field. As a result of the analysis, it was confirmed that an initial population could be established in a group that does not overwinter as larvae or pupae in Korea. In other words, the appearance of adults in early March to April could not be explained by the presence of domestic overwintering populations. Populations that overwinter as larvae or pupae in Korea were able to emerge as adults in June to July at the earliest. Therefore, the group of adults appearing in early spring is highly likely to be a population that migrated from outside Korea. Taken together, it was estimated that the colony of A. ipsilon in Korea would be formed by a mixture of a migrant population through long-distance migration and a overwintering population.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.201-209
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• 2009

Four heavy metals (Pb, Cd, As, and Hg) in 38 species (total 325 samples) of oriental animality medicines were monitored by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and automatic mercury analyzer (AMA). The detected concentration range of Pb, Cd, As was presented as $0.02{\mu}gkg^{-1}$ $(D.L){\sim}11.29mgkg^{-1}$, $0.01{\mu}gkg^{-1}$ $(D.L){\sim}2.50 mgkg^{-1}$, $0.12{\mu}gkg^{-1}$ $(D.L){\sim}5.27mgkg^{-1}$, respectively. In case of Hg, it the concentration range was $0.01{\sim}77.11mgkg^{-1}$ except one sample which exceeded detection limit. In all samples of Amydae Carapax and Gallnut, it was not detected over the maximum residue limits of metals. Pb is in charge of the greatest portion of contamination in 22 species of animality medicines, and in case of Hg, 54.46% of total samples were over the maximum residue limits. Therefore, environmental levels of Pb and Hg are needed to continue the researches and the studies for tracking pollution source are required.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.29 no.5B
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• pp.473-482
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• 2009

This study numerically discusses wave forces acting on a vertical wall such as breakwaters or revetments, subjected to incident undular or turbulent bores. Due to the complex hydrodynamics of bore, its wave forces have been predicted, mainly through laboratory experiments. Numerical simulations in this paper were carried out by CADMAS-SURF(CDIT, 2001), which is based on Navier-Stokes momentum equations and VOF method (Hirt and Nichols, 1981) for tracking free water surface. Its original source code was also partly revised to generate bore in the numerical water channel. Numerical raw data computed by CADMAS-SURF included great strong spike phenomena that show the abrupt jumps of wave loads. To resolve this undesired noise of raw data, the band-pass filter with the frequency of 5Hz was utilized. The filtered results showed reasonable agreements with the experimental results performed by Matsutomi (1991) and Ramsden (1996). It was confirmed that CADMASSURF can be applied to the design of coastal structures against tsunami bores. In addition, the transformation process and propagation speed of bores in the same 2-d water channel were discussed by the variations of water level for time and space. The numerical results indicated that the propagation speed of bore was changed due to the nonlinear interactions between negative and reflected waves.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.177-189
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• 2013

In Smart Education, the roles of digital textbook is very important as face-to-face media to learners. The standardization of digital textbook will promote the industrialization of digital textbook for contents providers and distributers as well as learner and instructors. In this study, the following three objectives-oriented digital textbooks are looking for ways to standardize. (1) digital textbooks should undertake the role of the media for blended learning which supports on-off classes, should be operating on common EPUB viewer without special dedicated viewer, should utilize the existing framework of the e-learning learning contents and learning management. The reason to consider the EPUB as the standard for digital textbooks is that digital textbooks don't need to specify antoher standard for the form of books, and can take advantage od industrial base with EPUB standards-rich content and distribution structure (2) digital textbooks should provide a low-cost open market service that are currently available as the standard open software (3) To provide appropriate learning feedback information to students, digital textbooks should provide a foundation which accumulates and manages all the learning activity information according to standard infrastructure for educational Big Data processing. In this study, the digital textbook in a smart education environment was referred to open digital textbook. The components of open digital textbooks service framework are (1) digital textbook terminals such as smart pad, smart TVs, smart phones, PC, etc., (2) digital textbooks platform to show and perform digital contents on digital textbook terminals, (3) learning contents repository, which exist on the cloud, maintains accredited learning, (4) App Store providing and distributing secondary learning contents and learning tools by learning contents developing companies, and (5) LMS as a learning support/management tool which on-site class teacher use for creating classroom instruction materials. In addition, locating all of the hardware and software implement a smart education service within the cloud must have take advantage of the cloud computing for efficient management and reducing expense. The open digital textbooks of smart education is consdered as providing e-book style interface of LMS to learners. In open digital textbooks, the representation of text, image, audio, video, equations, etc. is basic function. But painting, writing, problem solving, etc are beyond the capabilities of a simple e-book. The Communication of teacher-to-student, learner-to-learnert, tems-to-team is required by using the open digital textbook. To represent student demographics, portfolio information, and class information, the standard used in e-learning is desirable. To process learner tracking information about the activities of the learner for LMS(Learning Management System), open digital textbook must have the recording function and the commnincating function with LMS. DRM is a function for protecting various copyright. Currently DRMs of e-boook are controlled by the corresponding book viewer. If open digital textbook admitt DRM that is used in a variety of different DRM standards of various e-book viewer, the implementation of redundant features can be avoided. Security/privacy functions are required to protect information about the study or instruction from a third party UDL (Universal Design for Learning) is learning support function for those with disabilities have difficulty in learning courses. The open digital textbook, which is based on E-book standard EPUB 3.0, must (1) record the learning activity log information, and (2) communicate with the server to support the learning activity. While the recording function and the communication function, which is not determined on current standards, is implemented as a JavaScript and is utilized in the current EPUB 3.0 viewer, ths strategy of proposing such recording and communication functions as the next generation of e-book standard, or special standard (EPUB 3.0 for education) is needed. Future research in this study will implement open source program with the proposed open digital textbook standard and present a new educational services including Big Data analysis.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.133-137
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• 2010

Purpose: Breast cancer is known to be more vulnerable to bone metastasis and lymph node metastasis than other types of cancer, and nuclear examinations whole body bone scan and lymphoscintigraphy are performed commonly before and after breast cancer operation. In case whole body bone scan is performed on the day before lymphoscintigraphy, the radiopharmaceutical taken into and remaining in the bones provides anatomical information for tracking and locating sentinel lymph nodes. Thus, this study purposed to examine how much bone density affects in locating sentinel lymph nodes. Materials and Methods: The subjects of this study were 22 patients (average age $52{\pm}7.2$) who had whole body bone scan and lymphoscintigraphy over two days in our hospital during the period from January to December, 2009. In the blind test, 22 patients (average age $57{\pm}6.5$) who had lymphoscintigraphy using $^{57}Co$ flood phantom were used as a control group. In quantitative analysis, the relative ratio of the background to sentinel lymph nodes was measured by drawing ROIs on sentinel lymph nodes and the background, and in gross examination, each of a nuclear physician and a radiological technologist with five years' or longer field experience examined images through blind test in a five-point scale. Results: In the results of quantitative analysis, the relative ratio of the background to sentinel lymph nodes was 14.2:1 maximum and 8.5:1 ($SD{\pm}3.48$) on the average on the front, and 14.7:1 maximum and 8.5:1 ($SD{\pm}3.42$) on the average on the side. In the results of gross examination, when $^{57}Co$ flood phantom images were compared with images containing bones, the score was relative high as 3.86 ($SD{\pm}0.35$) point for $^{57}Co$ flood phantom images and 4.09 ($SD{\pm}0.42$) for bone images. Conclusion: When whole body bone scan was performed on the day before lymphoscintigraphy, the ratio of the background to sentinel lymph nodes was over 10:1, so there was no problem in locating lymph nodes. In addition, we expect to reduce examination procedures and improve the quality of images by indicating the location of sentinel lymph nodes using bone images as body contour without the use of a source.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.56 no.6
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• pp.715-728
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• 2023

Tracksite of pterosaurs, birds, and dinosaurs in Chungmugong-dong in Jinju was designated as a natural monument in 2011 and is known as the world's largest in terms of the number and density of pterosaur footprints. This site has been managed by installing protection buildings to conserve in 2018. About 17% of the footprints of pterosaur, theropod, and ornithopod in this site under management in the 2nd protection building are of great academic value, but observation of footprints has difficulties due to continuous physical and chemical damage. In particular, the accumulation of milk-white contaminants is formed by the gypsum and air pollutant complex. Gypsum remains evaporated with a plate or columnar shape in the process of water circulation around the 2nd protection building, and the dust is from through the inflow of the gallery windows. The aqueous solution of gypsum, consisting of calcium from the lower bed and sulfur from grass growth, is catchmented into the groundwater from the area behind the protection building. Pollen and a few minerals other constituents of contaminants, go through the gallery window, which makes it difficult to expel dust. To conserve the fossil-bearing beds from two contaminants of different origins, controlling the water and atmospheric circulation of the 2nd protection building and removing the contaminants continuously is necessary. When cleaning contaminants, the steam cleaning method is sufficiently effective for powder-shaped milk-white contaminants. The fossil-bearing bed consists of dark gray shale with high laser absorption power; the laser cleaning method accompanies physical loss to fossils and sedimentary structures; therefore, avoiding it as much as possible is desirable.