• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2000년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.401-406
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• 2000

Spilling of petroleum hydrocarbons such as gasoline, motor oils, and diesel fuel from underground storage tanks (USTs) is a major source of contamination to ground water and soils. In response to the need of developing an effective and economical cleanup technique, this study investigates the effectiveness of using sonication to enhance the soil flushing method. The study involves laboratory testing, and the testing was conducted using a specially designed and fabricated device to determine the effect of sonication on contaminant removal. The sonication was applied at 20 kHz frequency under different power levels. Test soil was Joomoonjin Sand, and diesel fuel was used as a contaminant of soil flushing test. The results of the investigation show that sonication enhanced the contaminant removal from soils significantly, and the degree of enhancement varied with power levels of sonication. Based on the results of the study, it is concluded that the flushing method with sonication has a great potential to become an effective method for removing petroleum hydrocarbons from the contaminated ground.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2003년도 총회 및 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.192-195
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• 2003

As a part of our research project for in-situ bioremediation of nitrate contaminated. groundwater, screening studies to determine an effective electron donor (EO) and/or carbon source (CS) such as acetate, ethanol, formate, fumarate, lactate, and propionate were conducted. To evaluate the feasibility for the biological degradation of nitrate, soil microcosm studies using nitrate-contaminated soil and groundwater were performed. The nitrate removal percentage in the order from the highest to the lowest was: formate, fumarate, and ethanol > lactate > propionate. Essentially no nitrate consumption was observed In acetate-fed microcosms. The order of nitrate removal rate from the highest to lowest was fumarate, formate, lactate, ethanol, and propionate. These results suggest that fumarate and formate are promising EDs/CSs for in-situ bioremediation of nitrate - contaminated oxygenated groundwater.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.529-540
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• 2003

A closed chamber system was used for measuring $N_2$0 fluxes from an agriculturally managed upland soil in Kunsan during the growing season from May to July 2002. It is known that soil is one dominant source of atmospheric $N_2$O, contributing to about 57% (9 Tg y $^{-1}$ ) of the total annual global emission. Hence, its increasing emissions and concentrations are largely associated with agricultural activities. In order to elucidate characteristics of soil nitrogen emissions from intensively managed agricultural soils and to understand the roles of soil parameters (soil moisture, soil pH, soil temperature, and soil nitrogen) in the gas emission, $N_2$O soil emissions were measured at every hour during the experimental period (21 days). Soil $N_2$O fluxes were calculated based on changes of $N_2$O concentrations measured inside a closed chamber at every hour. The analysis of $N_2$O was made by using a Gas Chromatography (equipped with Electron Capture Detector). Soil parameters at sampling plots were also analyzed. Monthly averaged $N_2$O fluxes during May, June, and July were 0.14, 0.05, and 0.13 mg-$N_2$O m$^{-2}$ h$^{-1}$ , respectively. Soil temperature and soil pH did not significantly vary over the experimental period; soil temperatures ranged from 12∼$25^{\circ}C$, and soil pH ranged 4.56∼4.75. However, soil moisture varied significantly from 32% to 56% in WFPS. Relationships between soil parameters and $N_2$O fluxes exhibited positive linear relationships. Strong positive correlation ($R^2$ = 0.57, P< 0.0001) was found between $N_2$O flux and sil moisture. It suggests that soil moisture has affected strongly soil $N_2$O emissions during the experimental periods, while other parameters have remained relatively at constant levels. $N_2$O flux from agricultural soils was significant and should be taken account for the national emission inventory.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.385-391
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• 2020

Soil loss is a serious problem frequently caused by local torrential rainfalls due to climate change. In particular, soil loss is occurring in agricultural areas rather than urban areas, and many pollutants are introduced into rivers, causing environmental problems. To reduce soil loss, the Ministry of Environment has designated and managed non-point source management areas. The Jaun-district in Hongcheon-gun, which was designed as a non-point pollution source management area in Gangwon-do, is located in the upper stream of Soyang Lake. Most of the agricultural fields are composed of highland agriculture fields. The highland agricultural fields in the Jaun-district are also composed of large-scale farming areas, and the ditches located near the agricultural fields have been illegally used for farmland. Therefore, the local government in Hongcheon-gun is conducting a project to restore the ditches occupied by agricultural fields. However, an analysis of the amount of soil loss that can be reduced by the restoration of the ditches has not been conducted yet. Thus, the purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of reducing the soil loss from the restoration of the ditches used as agricultural fields in the Jaun-district. The SATEEC L Module was used to analyze the reduction in soil loss by ditch restoration. The SATEEC L Module was constructed to estimate the LS factor using Moore and Burch's method after calculating the slope length using the digital elevation model and the maximum allowable slope length. The LS factor and the USLE formula were used to estimate the amount of soil loss that could be reduced by ditch restoration. The analysis showed that the ditch restoration could reduce about 16.6% of the soil loss in the Jaun-district. The results of this study will contribute to the study of methods to reduce soil loss in non-point pollution management areas.

• 대한공간정보학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.75-81
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• 2004

임하호 유역은 지질 및 토지피복 상태가 토사유실에 취약한 특성을 가지고 있어, 강우발생시 토사가 하천에 유입되어 호소내에 많은 탁수가 발생하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 임하호 탁수 저감대책을 수립하기 위한 기초자료를 생성하기 위해 GIS 기반RUSLE 모형을 이용하여 임하호 유역의 토사유실량을 분석하였다. 2003년도 강우자료를 이용하여 토사유실량을 분석한 결과 5,782,829 ton/yr로 계산되었으며, 소유역별 분석에서는 동부천이 가장 높은 토사유실량을 나타내었다. 또한 태풍매미때의 탁수실측자료를 이용하여 RUSLE 모델로 산정한 토사유실량의 적정성을 평가할 수 있었다.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2007년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1229-1235
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• 2007

철도의 토양오염은 크게 총석유계탄화수소(total petroleum hydrocarbon, TPH)에 의한 오염과 중금속류에 의한 오염으로 구분할 수 있다. 이중 TPH 오염은 디젤과 윤활유에 의해서 발생한다. 본 연구에서는 철도 윤활유 유래 오염토양을 정화하기 위해 토양세척방법, 화학적 산화법, 초음파 추출법의 타당성을 연구하였다. 디젤 유래 오염 토양의 토양세척에 많이 사용되는 비이온성 계면활성제는 윤활유 유래 오염 토양의 정화에는 효과적이지 않았다. 다양한 종류의 알코올과 계면활성제를 함께 사용한 경우, 계면활성제만 사용한 경우보다 효과적이었다. 따라서 TPH 오염 철도 토양의 TPH의 오염원에 따라 다른 방법을 적용하는 것이 정화효율을 높일 수 있다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.74-81
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• 2011

The fluorene-degrading strain Sphingobacterium sp. KM-02 was isolated from PAHs-contaminated soil near a mineimpacted area by selective enrichment techniques. Fluorene added to the Sphingobacterium sp. KM-02 culture as sole carbon source was 78.4% removed within 120 h. A fluorene degradation pathway is tentatively proposed based on identification of the metabolic intermediates 9-fluorenone, 4-hydroxy-9-fluorenone, and 8-hydroxy-3,4-benzocoumarin. Further the ability of Sphingobacterium sp. KM-02 to bioremediate 100 mg/kg fluorene in soil matrix was examined by composting under laboratory conditions. Treatment of microcosm soil with the strain KM-02 for 20 days resulted in a 65.6% reduction in total amounts. These results demonstrate that Sphingobacterium sp. KM-02 could potentially be used in the bioremediation of fluorene from contaminated soil.

• 한국미생물생명공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국미생물생명공학회 2000년도 Proceedings of 2000 KSAM International Symposium and Spring Meeting
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• pp.100-107
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• 2000

In a recently developed strategy for in-situ treatment of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), bioaugmentation was used in conjunction with a surfactant, sorbitan trioleate, as a carbon source for the degrader bacteria, along with the monoterpene, carvone, and salicylic acid as inducing substrates. Two bacteria were used for soil inoculants, including Arthrobacter sp. st. B1B and Ralstonia eutrophus H850. This methodology achieved 60% degradation of PCBs in Aroclor 1242 after 18 weeks in soils receiving 34 repeated applications of the degrader bacteria. However, an obvious limitation was the requirement for soil mixing after every soil inoculation. In the research reported here, bioaugmentation and biostimulation treatment strategies were modified by using the earthworm, Pheretima hawayana, as a vector for dispersal and mixing of surface-applied PCB-degrading bacteria and soil chemical amendments. Changes in microbial biomass and microbial community structure due to earthworm effects were examined using DNA extraction and PCR-DGGE of 16S rDNA. Results showed that earthworms effectively promoted biodegradation of PCBs in bioaugmented soils to the same extent previously achieved using physical soil mixing, and had a lesser, but significant effect in promoting PCB biodegradation in biostimulated soils treated with carvone and salicylic acid. The effects of earthworms were speculated to involve many interacting factors including increased bacterial transport to lower soil depths, improved soil aeration, and enhanced microbial activity and diversity.

• 환경생물
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.400-404
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• 2004

유기합성적으로 제조된 지방족 폴리에스테르의 일종인 polycaprolactone (PCL)을 $27^\circ{C}$와 $37^\circ{C}$로 온도를 달리한 활성오니토양에 66일간 매립하여 토양미생물에 의해 분해된 PCL 필름의 표면변화를 관찰하고, PCL을 분해하는 토양진균과 토양세균을 분리, 동정하였다. PCL을 탄소원과 에너지원으로 이용하는 토양진균으로는 Paecilomyces fumosoroseus KH27, Penicillium digitatum KH28, Fusarium solani KH29와 Aspergillus sp. KH30, 토양세균으로는 Ochrobactrum anthropi KH3l이 분리되었다. $27^\circ{C}$에서는 P. digitatum KH28이 가장 높은 PCL 분해능(46%)을 보였고, $37^\circ{C}$에서는 O. anthropi KH31의 분해능(52%)이 가장 우수하였다.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.240-245
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• 2014

This study was carried out to determine the possible use of volcano eruption sand at Merapi mountain area compared with clayey soil, alfisol as turfgrass growing media. Indonesia has abundant source of eruption sand and clayey soil. Native zoysiagrass (Z. matrella) was collected from Sleman district and seashore paspalum (P. vaginatum) from Solo region. The experimental plots were treated with both organic and inorganic fertilizers. Zoysiagrass and seashore paspalum can grow on the mixture of eruption volcano sand and alfisol soil. Fertilizers application increased turf color, surface coverage rate and recovery rate of turfgrass. While fertilizer treated alfisol have no effect on the length and dry weight of zoysiagrass root. Mixing of volcano eruption sand on growing media resulted in longer root length, higher shoot dry weight of zoysiagrass than in alfisol soil. Type of fertilizer affected the pH, soil organic matter, total N, available P, available K and electrical conductivity of sand and alfisol after cultivation. Similarly to zoysiagrass, the recovery of seashore paspalum was increased by application of fertilizer, even the inorganic fertilizer showed faster recovery than organic fertilizer. Surface coverage of seashore paspalum was faster than that of zoysiagrass with or without fertilizer.