• 동남아시아연구
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.235-276
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• 2013

Recent incidents of lethal violence in the Rakhine State of Myanmar between the majority Buddhist Rakhine and the Muslim Rohingya have been the source of much concern for the international community. Unlike the past, the killings and incendiary attacks by both communities have intensified to a critical level, proving to be a great liability for the forward-thinking Myanmar government, whose recent transition to civilian rule after a long military one has made it eager to move on. The roots of the conflict trace back to the military regime, who branded the Rohingyas living in Rakhine state as illegal immigrants and refused to confer upon them official recognition as Myanmar citizens. The discord then moved to an ethnic conflict, pitting the Rohingya not merely against the Myanmar government but rather the majority Buddhist Rakhine. The conflict, as it has developed into the present, is an immensely complicated one that simultaneously encompasses ethnic and religious issues, all intertwined together. This study aims to see how the two ethnic groups have come to resort to such violence, despite having lived in each other's presence for many centuries, and why the violence persists. It will attempt to reconcile the fact that Rakhine had historically been a place of convergence for two groups, the Buddhist Rakhine and the Rakhine Muslim(the Rohingya). Based on the argument, this study also seeks to uncover, identify, and understand the Rohingya identity with the extreme arguments exhibited by both sides, and from there, locate the underlying causes of the greater religio-ethnic conflict in Rakhine that has so ravaged the place as of recent.

• 한국언론정보학보
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• 제32권
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• pp.75-111
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• 2006

이 연구의 목적은 우리나라 언론 보도에서 정부 소스의 의제 속성에 의존하는 현상이 일어나고 있는가를 살펴본 다음, 정부의 중요정의자 기능과 관련하여 영향요인으로 거론되는 보도부정성, 보도이데올로기, 보도시기 등의 변수들이 가지는 영향력에 대해서 조사해 보는 것이다. 이러한 연구목적에 답하기 위해서 사회적인 논란을 불러왔던 행정수도 이전 관련 논의를 분석 케이스로 선택했으며, 이슈를 둘러싼 정부브리핑과 언론보도를 연구 텍스트로 선정하였다. 연구결과, 정부는 언론보도의 중요정의자 역할을 수행하는 것으로 나타났으며, 언론보도가 정부가 설정하는 이슈 속성의 테두리를 벗어나기 힘들다는 것을 보여주었다. 또한 언론의 부정성에도 불구하고 정부는 사안의 속성을 제한하는 중요정의자의 역할을 담당하고 있지만, 보도이데올로기나 사안의 갈등 시기 등의 영향권에서 자유롭지는 못하다는 것을 보여주고 있다.

• 정보처리학회논문지D
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• 제13D권2호
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• pp.223-234
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• 2006

분기 및 병합은 대규모 소프트웨어 개발에 있어 병렬개발을 지원할 수 있는 소프트웨어 형상관리의 대표적인 기법이다. 상업적인 용도로 쓰이는 기존의 소프트웨어 병합은 문자적 병합에만 의존하고 의미를 고려하지 않아 병합결과에서 의미적 오류를 발생시킬 수 있다. 현재까지 의미적 병합충돌 탐지 및 병합에 대한 연구가 이루어지고 있으나 의미적 병합충돌 및 병합에 대해서만 개별적으로 이루어지고 있으므로, 문자적 병합과정에서 의미적 충돌을 탐지하고 해결할 수 있는 기법에 대한 연구가 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 프로그램 원본에서 분기된 두개의 프로그램들을 병합하는데 있어서 그들 각각의 원본에 대한 각 라인별 수정, 삭제, 삽입 오퍼레이션들을 정의하여 병합과정에서 발생하는 문자적 충돌 및 실행행위에 관련된 의미적 충돌을 탐지하고 해결하여 병합하는 문자적 병합기법과 의미적 병합기법을 결합한 하이브리드 병합기법을 제시하였다.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.79-86
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• 2015

Purpose - The cosmetics industry is a traditional high value-added industry in terms of the domestic demand, small batch production systems, exclusive competition, and raw materials highly dependent on overseas countries as well as an oligopolistic market structure. However, new foreign brands and growing consumer awareness of inexpensive products, has triggered a shift. In line with changing lifestyles and the polarization of consumption, the industry faces a new market structure. Among its key characteristics is the cosmetics industry's numerous distribution channels (i.e., department stores, door-to-door sales, online shopping malls, brand shops, and discount stores). Therefore, the study of its distribution channels is essential. Research design, data, and methodology - The study analyzed channel distribution power divided into coercive and non-coercive power. The factors of coercive power included: unilateral request of an increase in commissions, interference in sales by taking advantage of a superior status, unilateral buck-passing at the time of a problem, unilateral request to stop sales activities, and a unilateral business contract; the factors of non-coercive power included favorable payment conditions, offers of various kinds of information, policy on commission reduction, pride in market entrance, and promotion support. In addition, the mediating variable "interdependence" was applied to the execution of department store (or mart) power and their shop conflicts and satisfaction to examine direct and indirect influential power. The methodology was a survey of managers of cosmetics shops in department stores (or marts). The questionnaire, based on a five-point Likert scale, included questions about basic personal information, execution of power, interdependence, conflict, and satisfaction. The study distributed 198 questionnaires and collected 131. Ten questionnaires with missing or hard to analyze data were excluded. Thus, 121 copies were analyzed. Results - According to the analysis, the execution of coercive power by department stores (or marts) did not affect interdependence, but the execution of non-coercive power did. Interdependence did not influence conflict, but did affect satisfaction. Additionally, the analysis revealed direct influential power: the execution of coercive power positively affected conflict and negatively influenced satisfaction; the execution of non-coercive power positively affected satisfaction. Conclusions - To offer suggestions for distribution business relations in the cosmetics industry, this study investigated how the execution of power by department stores (or marts) affected their shops. More specifically, it examined how much the execution of both coercive power and non-coercive power influenced conflict and satisfaction, and analyzed the mediating role of interdependence. In line with previous study results in various areas, coercive power was shown to be the source of conflict, leading to a decrease in satisfaction, whereas non-coercive power significantly positively influenced satisfaction. Moreover, non-coercive power increased interdependence, which led to greater satisfaction. As a result, interdependence had a mediating effect on non-coercive power and satisfaction. Based on the results, department stores (or marts) should look for improvements plans that increase interdependence. Such plans could alleviate conflict with the shops, increasing their satisfaction.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.41-47
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• 1993

During the last years it became more and more difficult to deal with environmental conflicts using traditional political instruments in industrialized countries. One reason for the occurring problems might be the citizens' awareness of scarceness of nature. Another reason might be the changing legislation with the introduction of the environmental impact assessment (EIA) as an integral part of a project's licensing procedure. The EIA offers new possibilities for citizens to interfere in decision processes and to obstruct projects. The changing situation requires new instruments for conflict solving. Mediation may be considered an alternative or completion to the traditional political instruments. It is a systematic strategy for conflict treatment and. with the support of an independent mediator, allows to reach an agreement among all parties involved. Mediation may be introduced in the EIA One possibility offers the scoping date, which, if the participation of the public is assured, might avoid heavy disputes in the further process. Another connection between the instrument of mediation and the EIA could be the use of the environmental impact study (EIS) as information background for a mediation process. EIA would then be source of information about all environmental aspects. Thus the role of EIA would be extended to being a part of conflict analysis in the alternative dispute resolution process.

• 한국기록관리학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.7-36
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• 2014

이 연구는 오픈소스 Omeka를 이용하여 환경 갈등사건의 기록화를 위한 디지털 아카이브 구축 방법론을 모색하기 위한 것이다. 사례로는 장기간 지속되었고 아직도 진행형인 밀양 송전탑 건설 갈등사건을 설정하였다. 먼저 국내외에서 오메카를 활용하여 구축된 아카이브 사례를 조사하였고, 밀양 아카이브 설계를 위한 시사점을 도출하였다. 이를 기반으로 아카이브 구축 방향을 정한 후 기록화 전략 방법론을 적용하여 맥락 분석과 기록조사를 실시하고, 실제로 기록을 수집하여 분석하였다. 기록을 수집 정리하는 과정에서 사건을 재조직하고, 이를 토대로 아카이브 컬렉션의 구조와 전시의 방향을 설정하였다. 기록물 목록을 실험적으로 작성한 후 이러한 목록데이터와 디지털화한 기록을 중심으로 Omeka를 이용한 디지털 컬렉션과 전시를 구현하였다.

• 정보처리학회논문지D
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• 제16D권4호
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• pp.497-506
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• 2009

오피스 및 과학 분야의 문서 작업 등에서 XML의 사용이 보편화되고 협업이 요구됨에 따라 효과적인 XML 문서 병합 방법이 필요하다. 이에 대한 해결 방안으로 본 논문에서는 동일 원본 문서에 대한 다수 사용자의 편집 작업들의 병합을 위한 이론적 틀을 제시한다. 문서들의 병합시 문서 자체를 병합하는 기존의 방법들과는 달리, 사용자의 편집 작업을 원본 문서에 적용되는 일련의 편집 연산들, 즉 편집 스크립트로 표현하고 다수 사용자의 편집 스크립트들을 병합하고 원본 문서에 적용하여 문서의 병합 효과를 이루고자 한다. 이를 위해 삽입과 삭제연산으로 구성된 편집스크립트를 전제로 정적 편집 스크립트, 편집 스크립트의 간섭 및 충돌 등의 개념들을 정의하고 편집 스크립트들의 충돌 조건과 병합시 편집 스크립트 조정기법을 제안한다. 이 방법은 분산 환경에서 네트워크 부하를 줄이며 각 편집 작업의 의미가 보존되어 버전관리에 효과적이다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.169-177
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• 1997

This study aims at empirically clarifying the relationship between power and the interpersonal conflict, including nurses' understanding of their relative power, the causes of interpersonal conflicts with the nurses, and strategies to resolve conflicts, in order to understand how nurses' relative power affect their conflicts. For the empirical survey, the population was defined as all the nurses working at a medical organization in Seoul, Korea. 1083 nurses were selected as the sample for the questionnaire survey and statistical analyses. For the sampling, 32 medical organizations were selected by a stratified random method and sub-samples were arbitrarily drawn from each organization to obtain the final sample of 1083 nurses who responded to the questionnaire designed by the reseacher. According to the result of the study, most nurses experience conflict more than once a month, and 70.4% of the respondents answered that interpersonal conflicts were directly or indirectly caused by power relations. which indicates that they perceive power relations as the main cause of interpersonal conflicts. Nurses experienced the most conflicts with interns and residents(29.7%), then patients and their families(24.3%), higher-positioned nurses(12.3%), nurse colleagues(7.7%), lower-positioned nurses(6.5%), and staff doctors(5.1%). If we classify these into three groups. the frequency of the conflicts, from most frequent to least. is in the order of doctors. nurses, and patients. In terms of relative power, nurses perceive that they have greater power than patients and their families, lower-positioned nurses, and nurse colleagues. In contrast, nurses perceive that they have less power than interns and residents, higher-positioned nurses. and staff doctors. Among these groups. nurses perceive that they have the most power over patients and the least over staff doctors. These results indicate that nurses tend to experience more conflicts with members of groups that are stronger than themselves in terms of relative power, Nurses use positive strategies such as the compromise strategy(32.3%) or the collaboration strategy (20.3%) to manage conflicts, more than other strategies. However, they use avoidance or competition strategy more at the earlier stage, compromise strategy more in the mid stage, and collaboration strategy more at the later stage of the interpersonal conflict. In relation to power, nurses use the collaboration strategy or the compromise strategy more when their perceived power is greater than or equal to their counterpart's, and they use the avoidance strategy or the accommodation strategy if their power is less. In terms of source of power, nurses' perceived relative power is greater in the order of referent power. expert power, reward power, legitimate power. and coercive power. where referent power is perceived as having the greatest power and coercive power is least. Most nurses(69.3%) used their power to resolve a conflict. with positive outcomes. Expert power was used most frequently. Overall. this study strongly indicates that the enhancement of power of nurses to have equal power relations with doctors would heighten the success of conflict resolution, since power is the main cause of conflicts. Specifcally. nurses experience most conflicts with doctors against whom they perceive the greatest gap in power. and the choice of a conflict management strategy depend upon their power relations.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.70-88
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of a multiple cognitive conflict strategy at remedying student's misconceptions. Elementary students have many misconceptions about the brightness of the electric bulb in simple dual circuits. Most of the misconceptions can be summed up as 'the more batteries or the fewer bulbs, the brighter is the output.' The students have learned about the brightness of the electric bulb while connected to a battery in Grade 4 and the brightness of multiple electric bulbs in Grade 5. However, about $50%$ of the students remain with the firm misconception that the brightness of the bulb is related to the number of source batteries. This strong misconception may not lead to a conceptual change in the case of only one cognitive conflict. This study used a multiple conflict strategy while tackling the cognitive conflicts in the students as they solved the problems many times. It involved 160 grade 5 students. The result was they often changed their misconceptions and used more scientific thinking than the same grade students of other schools. It remains to be seen if this success will transfer to other schools and students and we intend on studying further the differences in students regarding this learning process.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.18-27
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• 2007

이 연구에서는 변칙사례에 의해 유발된 인지갈등과 비인지적 변인이 개념변화 과정에 미치는 영향과 변칙사례가 상황 흥미를 유발하는 과정을 조사하였다. 중학교 1학년 학생들이 연구에 참여하였다. 밀도 개념에 대해 오개념을 지닌 학생들을 선별하기 위해 선개념 검사를 실시하였다. 변칙사례에 대한 인지적 반응검사와 상황 흥미 검사를 실시하였다. CAl 프로그램을 통해 학습하게 한 후, 주의집중 검사, 노력 검사, 개념 검사를 실시하였다. 경로 분석 결과, 변칙사례에 의해 유발된 인지갈등이 상황 흥미를 유발하고 이것이 개념학습 과정에서의 학생들의 주의집중과 노력에 영향을 미쳐 개념변화를 일으키는 것으로 나타났다. 변칙사례에 의해 처음으로 유발되는 것은 새로움이며, 새로움은 직접적으로 또는 주의집중 요구, 탐구 의도, 순간적 즐거움을 경유하여 상황 흥미를 불러일으키는 것으로 나타났다. 새로움은 도전에 직접적인 영향을 주고, 도전은 직접적으로 또는 인지갈등을 통해 순간적 즐거움에 부정적인 영향을 줌으로써 전체 흥미를 감소시키기도 하였다. 그러나 이 경로의 계수는 전자의 경로의 계수보다 상대적으로 작았다. 이에 대한 교육적 함의를 논의하였다.