• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.483-489
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• 1999

향미채소의 첨가가 쇠고기 곰국이나 스프스톡(soup stock)의 맛성분 변화에 미치는 영향을 연구하기 위해 양지머리 고기 국물의 단백질 용출량, 유리 아미노산, 핵산 관련 물질을 측정하고 더불어 색도 측정과 관능 평가를 실시한 결과를 다음과 같이 요약할 수 있다. 1)양지머리 스프스톡의 조단백질, 유리 아미노산, 핵산 관련 물질 용출량은 대체로 가열시간에 따라 증가하였다. 2) 파(Go), 당근(Ca), 그리고 양파+당근+셀러리(A)를 첨가한 스프스톡의 조단백질 용출량은 향미채소를 첨가하지 않은 스프스톡의 용출량보다 많았다. 3) 유리 아미노산 용출량은 파 첨가 스프스톡(Go$_{5}$)에서 가장 많았으며 특히 arginine, alanine, glycine, threonine, glutamic acid가 많았다. 셀러리(C$_{5}$)와 양파 ( $O_{5}$)첨가 스프스톡 중의 유리아미노산은 향미채소 무첨가(B$_{5}$) 스프스톡보다 적었다. 4)파 첨가 5시간 가열 시료의(Go$_{5}$의 5'-IMP, inosine, hypoxanthine 농도는 다른 향미채소 첨가 스프스톡보다 높았으나 셀러리(C$_{5}$)와 양파( $O_{5}$) 첨가 스프스톡의 5'-IMP, inosine, hypoxanthine 농도는 향미채소 무첨가(B$_{5}$) 스프스톡보다 낮았다. 5) Hunter scale로 측정한 색도는 마늘 첨가(G$_{5}$) 스프스톡의 L값이 가장 낮았으며 셀러리(C$_{5}$)와 당근(Ca$_{5}$)첨가 스프스톡의 L값은 B$_{5}$값과 비슷하였다. 6) 관능 검사 결과 스프스톡의 색, 향, 맛과 전반적인 기호도에 있어서 향미채소 첨가구간의 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않았다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.490-499
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• 1999

한우암소의 양지머리(brisket)와 사골(shank)을 전처리 방법, 가열 온도 및 시간에 따른 곰국의 맛성분 변화를 연구하기 위하여 유리아미노산과 핵산관련물질을 분석하고 색도 측정과 관능평가를 병행한 결과를 다음과 같이 요약할 수 있었다. 1. Soaking, blanching 전처리 양지머리 곰국의 유리아미노산 용출량은 대체로 가열시간에 따라 증가하는 경향이었으며 용출량은 고온가결 보다 저온가열시에 많았으나 roasting 전처리 곰국은 고온 가열시의 용출량이 높았다. Glutamic acid 용출량은 대체로 soaking＞blanching> roasting의 순으로 많았으며 저온에서 6시간 가열시료 (BSL)의 용출량이 8.73 mg%로 가장 많았고 1시간 가열시의 17배 정도였다. 2. 사골(shank) 곰국 중의 유리아미노산 용출량은 전처리법에 따른 일정한 경향이 없었으며 용출량도 매우 적었다. Glutamic acid 용출량은 저온가열시에는 일정한 경향은 볼 수 없었으나 soaking, blanching 전처리하여 고온가열 3시간 시료에서, roasting처리하여 고온 가열 6시간 시료가 2.49 mg%로 최고치를 보였다. 3. 양지머리 곰국 중 핵산관련 물질의 용출량은 대체로 가열에 따라 증가하는 경향이었다. Soaking, blanching 전처리하여 저온가열 한 시료의 5'-IMP 용출량은 6시간 가열한 시료(BSL)가 37.06%, 5 시간 가열한 시료(BBL)이 38.37 mg%로 최고치를 보였으며 roasting 전처리하여 고온가열 6시간 시료(BRH)가 10.85 mg%로 최고치를 보였다. 4. 사골곰국의 5'-IMP 용출량은 soaking＞blanching>roasting 전처리 순으로 많이 용출 되었으며 대체로 고온 가열시 높은 용출량을 보였으며 soaking, blanching 전처리시료는 가열 온도와 관계 없이 3시간 가열 이후 부터는 감소하는 경향이었다. Roasting 처리하여 고온가열 6시간 시료의 5'-IMP 용출량은 1.55 mg%로 최고치를 보였다. 5. Roasting 전처리 고온가열 양지머리 곰국(BRH)의 색차계에 의한 L값은 가장 낮았으며 b값은 가장 높은 값을 보였으나 사골곰국의 L, a, b 값은 전처리 방법이나 가열 온도에 따른 차이는 크지 않았다. 6. 양지머리 곰국의 색ㆍ향에 대한 관능평가는 roasting 전처리 고온가열시료(BRH)의 선호도가 가장 높았으며 맛 전반적 기호에 대한 선호도는 soaking 전처리 고온가열시료(BSH)가 가장 높았으며, 사골곰국의 경우에는 soaking 전처리 고온가열시료(SSH)의 모든 관능적 특성의 선호도가 가장 높았다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.8-17
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• 1985

Followings are the obtained results from the experiment of changes in content of proximate composition, free amino acid and nucleotides in soup prepared from beef brisket, leg bone, tripe and small intestine according to the diverse heating times-3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30 hrs. The content of moisture in each sample is decreased from 97∼99％ in 8 hours heating to 95∼97% after heating 30 hours. On the contrary, the content of crude protein and crude fat are gradually increased in proportion to the length of heating times and it showed a rapid increasement when it was boiled 6∼12 hours long. We can extract the most protein from the soup stock of tripe among all samples ana the most crude fat from the leg bone. The contents of free amino acids is gradually increased in proportion to the length of heating times. Especially after being boiled longer than 18 hours it is increased obviously. In the soup stock prepared from the brisket, the lysine and alanine were contained the most. In leg bone soup stock, glutamic acid and histidine were extracted the most but bone soup stock, glutamic acid contents were decreased a little in longer heating. In the soup stock of tripe, glutamic acid which is contained very little in a raw material was extracted more as increasing times. In the soup stock of small intestine, lysine and glutamic acid were extracted the most. The least content in free amino acid from each sample was cystine which is sulphur-containing amino acid. These result suggest that, in order to get enough extraction of amino acid, crude fat, 18 hours heating is the most useful while 5’-IMP, which is the taste compound of meat, is extracted at 3 hours heating.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.81-90
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• 1992

The Guk had lessened to use Gang, Whak, Tang. The Guk was classified into cooking method as a soup stock, the used main substances, and the temperature of the Guk. According to the soup stock were divided clear soup, Tojangguk, and Gooumguk. Another classification of Guk by main substances were Yuktang (meat soup), Otang (fish soup), bongtang (poultry soup), Shotang (vegetable soup), Japtang (vary substance soup) and Yonpotang (soybean-curd soup), and by the temperature of the Guk were divided Doounguk (warm soup) and Naengguk (cold soup). In the thesis, according to the kinds of Tojangguk, the reference frequency to them, the adding foods in them, and the variety cooking method in the Tojangguk were analyzed by the cook books published from 1700 to 1988 in Korea. 1. There were 29 kinds of Tojangguk. 2. The main substances of Tojangguk were meat, poultry, fish, shellfish, vegetable, mushrooms and seasonings. 3. The Tojangguk was boiled with the rice water and fermented soybean paste and fermented soybean-pepper powder paste. For the development of taste were added beef, shellfish, dried anchovy, dried small prawn, and soup stock of beef bones in winter. Seasoning substances were green onion, garlic, black pepper, sesame powder and oil.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.29-36
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• 1991

Analysis of major nutritional components and Sensory evaluation in two kinds of beef bone stocks (White & Brown) have been Carried out in this study, these stocks were prepared with four different parts of beef bone (Knee bone, Rumpbone, Legbone, Backbone). White bone stocks were made of each beef bone boiling in water & hours, while brown bone stocks were prepared with roasted beef bone in the oven at $230^{\circ}C$ for half an hour and boiled 8 hours with water. Fatty acids were determined by GLC (Gas Lipids Chromatogram), the minerals were analysed by Automic spectrometer. The results of these analysis were obtained as followes; 1. Neutral lipids was gradually becreased, and glycolipids phospholipids were increased in quantity in Brown stocks for 8 hours. Unsaturated fatty accid of Brown stocks was highly decreased due to roasting of bores in the oven at 23$0^{\circ}C$ for half an hour. But they appeared in large quantity in white stocks. 2. The minerals also contained of high percentage in almost Brown stock except backbone Stock 3. Four materials (Kneebone, Rumpbone, Legbone, and backbone) were used for this study and the paired comparison of flavor test presented the recognition of different flavor at 5% level of Least Significant Difference (LSD) on brown stocks (Kneebone, and Legbone). Ranking preference test showed that white Kneebone stock and brown legbone stock had good taste.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.164-171
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 부산지역의 생선횟집을 중심으로 생선 매운탕의 조리 실태를 조사하여 표준조리법 개발에 기초자료로 활용하고자 하였다. 1. 재료로 사용되는 어류는 조피볼락과 넙치가 공통으로 사용되며, 그 외 어종들을 사용하는 것으로 나타났다. 2. 야채류는 무, 대파, 고추, 양파, 조미 및 향신료는 고춧가루, 마늘, 소금, 후추가 공통으로 사용되고 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 기타 재료들이 부가적으로 사용되는 것으로 나타났다. 3. 생선 매운탕에 사용되는 물은 생수와 어류를 삶은 물을 이용하고 있으며, 기타 야채를 삶은물을 이용하는 곳도 있는 것으로 나타났다. 4. 3-4인분 기준의 생선 매운탕에 사용되는 생선의 양은 조피볼락 1.5-1마리와 넙치 0.5-1 마리에 해당되는 머리와 뼈를 이용하는 것으로 나타났다. 5. 생선 매운탕의 조리방법은 물 끓인 다음 재료를 이용하며, 양념장은 양산품을 바로 이용하는 것으로 나타났으며, 조리기구는 대부분 뚝배기를 이용하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.506-514
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• 2016

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of sample presenting types on the sensory characteristics of chilled buckwheat noodle soup (Naeng-myeon). Generic descriptive analysis was performed for evaluating only stock (system 1), only noodle (system 2) and stock with noodle (system 3). Eight kinds of commercially available Naeng-myeon were samples of interest. Ten female descriptive panelists participated. ANOVA and regression analysis were used for data analysis. In the training sessions, ten sensory properties were developed for system 1, four were additionally established for noodle. In each system, the 8 products showed significantly different intensities in almost all sensory attributes like darkness of stock, overall flavor, sweetness, saltiness, sourness. When integrating the two systems, sample presenting types showed significant difference for the seven sensory attributes, especially saltiness, sourness, beef flavor tended to be rated more strongly in system 1 than system 3.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 1986

This sudy was conductted for the purpose of determining the optimal amounts of soy tauce, soy bean paste and hot pepper paste, in 3 different Korean soups and comparing the effect of condiments such as salt, soy sauce, black pepper, and Mono Sodium Glutamate, on the taste of two basic Korean Stocks, The results estimated by Palatability Test were as follows: 1. The average NaCl contents of two kinds of commercial soysauce were 15.9%, 25.6%, respectively. 2. The NaCl contents of 2% sardine stock, and 19% beef stock were 0.16~1.17%, 0.17~0.18% respectively. 3. @ According to Saltiness in sardine stock, there was no difference between the soy sauce-added group and the salt-added group. However, for the removing effect of Off-flavor, and Overall Taste, the soy sauce-group had higher score than salt-added group respectively. (p>.0.1) ⓑ In beef stock, there was no difference between the soysauce-added group and the salt-added group in Saltiness test. The soy sauce-added group had higher score in removing effect of Off-flavor (p>.0.1). On other hand, in Overall Taste, the salt- added group was more effective than the soy sauce-added (p>.0.1). 4 @ According to Saltiness test in beef stock, there was no difference between the black pepper-added and non-added group. However, for the removing effect of Off-flavor and, Overall Taste, the added group had higher score than the non-added group, respectively. (p>.10, p>.0.5) ⓑ Also, according to Saltiness test in beef stock, there was no diffetrence between the MSG-added group and non-added group. However for the removing effect of Off-flavor, and Overall taste, the MSG-added group was more effective than the non-added group. (p>.01) 5. The best recipes of soybean sprouts soup for S persons, in this experiment, were soybean sprouts 180 g, sardine 28 g, soysauce 1/2 T.S., salt 7 g, green onion 15 g, choppedgarlic It. s., against 7 C of water, and total cooking time was 20 minutes. 6. The best recipes of clear-beef soup were beef 200 g, radish 200 g, tangle weed 10 g, sesame oil 1/2 t.s., green onion 15 g, chopped garlic 1 t.s., black Pepper 1/8 1.s., and soy sauce 1 T.S., salt 7 g or soy sauce 2 T S., salt 3.5 g. The total cooking time was minutes. 7, The best recipes of soybean pasted Chinese cabbage soup were Chinese cabbage 300 g, sardine 28 g, green onion 15 g, chopped garlic 1 t.s., and bean paste 50 g, hot pepper paste 13 g, salt 3g or bean paste 65 g, hot pepper paste 16 g, salt 1.5 g. And the total cooking time was 25 minutes. 8. Soy sauce, black pepper, M.S.G., bean paste and hot pepper paste were effective on removing Off-flavor of experimental soups.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.772-778
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• 2016

To develop a value-added product from individually quick-frozen oysters Crassostrea gigas (IQFO), we prepared a retort pouched oyster soup (RPOS) from IQFOs and characterized its processing conditions and quality metrics. We found that the most appropriate manufacturing process for the RPOS consisted of half-thawing and washing raw IQF oysters, blanching, adding them to the retort pouch along with other ingredients (base soup stock, IQF oyster extract, radish, bean sprouts, garlic, and red pepper), sealing, retort sterilization ($120^{\circ}$, F0-value 10 min.), cooling, and packaging inspection. The moisture, crude protein, pH and salinity of the RPOS were 91.0%, 2.8%, 6.20 and 0.9%, respectively. The total amino acid content of the RPOS was 2,163.8 mg/100 g, and the main amino acids were glutamic acid, aspartic acid, leucine, proline, lysine and arginine. The primary inorganic ions were Na, K, S and Zn. In taste compounds, total free amino acid content was 313.4 mg/100 g, and the main free amino acids were glutamic acid, taurine, proline, hydroxyproline, aspartic acid, glycine, alanine, valine, lysine and arginine. This RPOS has good storage stability and organoleptic qualities compared with commercial retort pouched shellfish soup, and is suitable for commercialization as a value-added instant seafood soup.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.287-298
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 소스나 스프 등의 모체가 되는 닭 육수의 제조에 닭뼈를 이용하여 각종 영양 성분이 적절하게 이용되기 위한 닭 육수를 만들고자 했다. 닭 육수의 맛과 영양을 향상시키고 국물을 이용하는 요리의 품질 개선과 최상의 육수개발의 기초 자료로 이용하기 위하여 토마토를 이용한 닭 육수를 제조하였다. 따라서 토마토의 첨가량에 따른 수분, 회분, 색도, 당도, pH, 유리 아미노산, 관능적 특성 및 기호도 분석을 통하여 육수 제조 시 첨가되는 토마토에 함유된 유기산을 이용하여 닭뼈에서 용출되는 유리 아미노산과 각종 영양성분에 따른 관능적 특성을 알아 보고자 했다. 총 유리 아미노산의 함유량과 종합적인 기호도는 7.4%의 토마토를 첨가하였을 때 가장 높았다. 이상의 연구 결과를 통해 적절한 토마토의 첨가는 전체적인 기호도에 긍정적인 영향을 미치며, 닭 육수의 제조에 있어서 토마토 7.4% 첨가가 가장 적절한 것으로 평가되었다.