• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.8-19
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• 1998

The problem of outdated and surplus facility-items in existing Rural Living Environment Renewal Program(RLERP) makes this study focus on restricting the range of facility sorts for the purpose of coㅁins with the changing rural living environment. In the four aspects of plan establishment, project implementation, comprehensiveness and linkage between programs, this study made an analysis of the existing RLERP that has 4-stage hierarchy, namely, Gun(county), Myun(primary administrative district), village and project site level Firstly, Myun and upper level policy programs fulfill the comprehensiveness and planning aspects, but have defects in the implementation and linkage aspects. Secondly, the village level programs satisfies more or less the four condition, but give rise to the problems of equity between the project target village and the non-target, and of generalization of the planning method applying to a specific village. At last, project level programs, controlled by several ministries, have defects in comprehensiveness and linkage aspects, exposing the sectoralism of central government. Above all, the existing RLERP has so many facility items, which have led to inefficient investment till now. Therefore, it's necessary that the environmental facilities should be selected(simultaneously reduced ), referring to following 5 criteria. (1) Exception of facilities relating to agricultural production. (2) Confined to public facilities to be constructed by government support. (3) Common-use facilities located in small town and below level area. (4) Consideration of not only the present need but also the future need of rural residents. (5) Reflection of a regional difference of mountain, plane and suburban area. Just 13 kinds of living environmental facilities are finally selected as the result of the selecting work, which can be an new alternative for RLERP. Concludingly, the selected facility items should be integrated into a designated project site by the prepared plan in order to enhance the efficiency of RLERP, investment and also to satisfy the four analytic aspects mentioned above.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.43
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• pp.7-35
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• 2015

The Ministry of Public Safety and Security was established in order to handle all sorts of disasters because of Sewol ferry tragedy and the fundamental reform on the emergency management system will be performed. The establishment of the Ministry of Public Safety and Security is considered as the landmark for the emergency management when it is compared to those in the United States and Japan in terms of the size and the authority. However, there are many tasks to be done for the settlement of the Ministry of Public Safety and Security. More specifically, a real and substantial plan should be prepared because the organization was established without blueprints or detailed implementation plan. This study suggests that all-hazard approach which is the one of the disaster management principles should be applied when the substantial plan is prepared. All possible hazard should be analyzed, assessed, and prioritized. In addition, Based on the results, the effective policies should be established with the consideration of Korean context.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.34-42
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• 1997

This study was carried out to investigate the proper cooking conditions of soda-anthraquinone and alkaline sulfite-anthraquinone pulping of rice-straw, and get basic data f9r the use of rice-straw chemical pulp through the test of characteristics and physical properties of pulps made in the various cooking conditions From the experimental results , we can conclude as follows. In the soda-anthraquinone pulping of rice-straw, the optimum cooking conditions were 60 min. at $150^{\circ}C$ in the amount of caustic soda of 20% with the addition of anthraquinone(0.05%). And total yield, Kappa No. and brightness of pulp made in the condition above mentioned were 41.9%, 7.7 and 51.1 respectively. In the alkaline sulfite-anthraquinone pulping of rice-straw, the proper mixing ratio of cooking chemical(caustic soda : sodium sulfite) was 50:50. And the optimum cooking conditions were 60 min. at $150^{\circ}C$ in the amount of cooking chemical of 20% with the addition of anthraquinone(0.05%). At that time, the total yield, Kappa No, and brightness of pulp were 50.1%, 9.1 and 40.2 respectively. As a result, the alkaline sulfite-anthraquinone pulping was superior to the soda-anthraquinone pulping in the aspect of yield, but inferior in the viewpoints of Kappa No. and brightness. For the comparison of qualities of pulps made in the various cooking methods and conditions, the physical properties of four sorts of pulps were tested. As a result, soda-anthraquinone pulps were superior to alkaline sulfite-anthraquinone pulps in the various strengths excluding tear strength and brightness. On the other hand, pulps made in the condition of addition of cooking chemical of 20% were superior to pulps in the dosage of 15% in the aspects of all the strengths and brightness.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.589-602
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• 2006

Hwangryunagyotang is supposed to have significant effects on some sorts of cardiovascular diseases like atherosclerosis. For this study. ACAT inhibitor was put in LDLR -/- mice to derive free cholesterol from it. This was to examine the effectiveness of Hwangryunnagyotang on its protecting and recovering function with endothelial cells damaged by free cholesterol through experimental. The results reported below. Hwangryunagyotang suppressed the crystallization of reactive oxygen species in macrophages and the numbers of free cholesterol crystal plate structured and reduced fragmentation of nucleus in ECV 304 cell strain by ACAT inhibitor significantly. Hwangryunagyotang also suppressed the necrosis of tissue in LDLR -/- mice' (treated with ACAT inhibitor) inflammatory portion which is adjacent to aortic root, proximal aorta and carotid artery by immunohistochemistry and fluorescence microscopy. On the whole, Hwangryunagyotang suppressed the necrosis of endothelial cells and especially it's effcet for the necrosis of para-myocardial tissues by free cholesterol. With this result, I suggest Hwangryunagyotang might have protective and recovery effects on atherosclerosis, so we need to carry on this study henceforth clinically and experimentally as well.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.131-146
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• 2012

As one of the four basic technologies of IOT (Internet of Things), M2M technology whose advance could influence on the technology of Internet of Things has a rapid development. Mobile Payment is one of the most widespread applications in M2M. Due to applying wireless network in Mobile Payment, the security issues based on wireless network have to be solved. The technologies applied in solutions generally include two sorts, encryption mechanism and authentication mechanism, the focus in this paper is the authentication mechanism of Mobile Payment. In this paper, we consider that there are four vital things in the authentication mechanism of Mobile Payment: two-way authentication, re-authentication, roaming authentication and inside authentication. Two-way authentication is to make the mobile device and the center system trust each other, and two-way authentication is the foundation of the other three. Re-authentication is to re-establish the active communication after the mobile subscriber changes his point of attachment to the network. Inside authentication is to prevent the attacker from obtaining the privacy via attacking the mobile device if the attacker captures the mobile device. Roaming authentication is to prove the mobile subscriber's legitimate identity to the foreign agency when he roams into a foreign place, and roaming authentication can be regarded as the integration of the above three. After making a simulation of our proposed authentication mechanism and analyzing the existed schemes, we summarize that the authentication mechanism based on the mentioned above in this paper and the encryption mechanism establish the integrate security framework of Mobile Payment together. This makes the parties of Mobile Payment apply the services which Mobile Payment provides credibly.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.1-11
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• 2012

This study examines the implementation process of landscaping projects in Japanese colonial era focusing on landscaping of Keijo Imperial University and draws conclusions as follows. First, landscaping of Keijo Imperial University in Japanese colonial era progressed based on Hoegyebeop and it provides important materials including the floor plan of the garden, detailed statement and other documents required for the construction. Second, it was all Japanese enterprises that took part in landscaping of Keijo Imperial University and the construction progressed under a private contract by lowest-price contract-awarding system after five enterprises' submitting estimates. Third, according to the floor plan for the landscaping, the garden had a shape of a quadrant and its boundaries were utilized as side gutters and connected to a drainage system. Fourth, though the floor plan doesn't clarify specific names of trees, detailed statement shows sorts of trees of the time. Trees of Chosun were plentifully introduced due to regional features and pines were the most expensive one when they were voluminous. This study has significance that it conducts an empirical research on main materials and techniques of landscaping projects in Japanese colonial era.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.273-279
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• 1999

In order to study a reversible photoisomerization of disperse red l(DR 1) attached on natural polymers, cellulose acetate containing DR l(DR 1/CA adduct) was prepared, and the changes of UV/VIS spectra of its solution(benzene, DMAc). thick film, and LB film were investigated by alternate irradiation with two different wave length lights. DR 1/CA adduct was prepared through tosylation of partially hydrolyzed cellulose acetate followed by reaction with DR 1 at $100^{\circ}C$ in pyridine. From the UV/VIS spectra of DR 1/CA adduct dissolved in DMAc solvent including phosphoglyceride before and after irradiation at 360nm and 45Onm, we found out the changes of UV/VIS spectra were reversible. In addition, the change of UV/VIS spectra of this adduct solution was strongly depended on the sorts of solvents and temperature. As the temperature was increased, UV/VIS spectra of this adduct solution in DMF showed blue shift. These results provided this solution could be applied to a temperature sensor. In the thick film case, we also obtained similar results with solution case. LB monolayer and trilayer from DR 1/CA adduct was obtained by scattering the solution including phosphoglyceride on water surface at the surface pressure of 8mN/m. After irradiation on that LB monolayer and trilayer, the reversible photoisomerization was also detected. From these results we concluded DR 1/CA adduct was suitable for the application to data storage and optical switch, etc.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.197-210
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to find out subjective perception types and needs of interested group on the employment supporting for students with disabilities in college by Q methodology, then to search for political measures to support employment for students with disabilities in the implication of the sorted subjective perception types. The result of the study showed that there are four major sorts of subjectivities on the employment supporting for students with disabilities in college : external dependence(Type1), disability-friendly (Type2), demand tailored(Type3), internal role emphasis(Type4). The result of the study could check that there was necessary reconstruction to disability-friendly infrastructure based on interset and willness on the employment supporting for students with disabilities in college. In addition to that there was necessary to job creation of government, to build network of industry to successful labor market entry of students with disabilities.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.696-701
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to determine pH value of some alcoholic drinks sold in Korea and to provide the basic information which can cause dental erosion. Alcoholic drinks commercially sold were purchased from various big markets in Korea. The sorts of drinks tested in this study consisted of 5 brands of beers, 24 brands of makgeollis, 9 brands of wines and 12 brands of sojus. The test groups were selected randomly and the pH of each beverage was determined using a pH meter he each pH was measured. For statistical data, Mann-Whitney test was used to analyze difference for red wine and white wine and Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare the pH of each test group. The result of this study was as followings: the mean pH of 5 brands of beers was 4.21, that of 24 brands of makgeollis 3.88, of 9 brands of wines 3.34 and of 12 brans of sojus 7.86. Each test group was significantly different (p<0.05). Except for soju groups, the test groups had a low pH value which can cause dental erosion. In terms of comparing between pH value of red wine and white wine, the result of this study represented that the mean pH of red wine was 3.45 and that of white wine was 3.21. This result showed the pH of two kinds of wine had a low pH which can lead to dental erosion and the difference of two wine were significantly different (p<0.05). As a result, some drinks sold in Korea have a high erosive potential on teeth since they have a comparatively low pH expect soju. Hence, when we consume some kinds of alcoholic drinks, we make sure to remember that the alcoholics which had a low pH, can have an effect on dental erosion that mean we should avoid to drink some alcoholic drinks with low pH for long time.

• Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea
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• v.34 no.35
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• pp.32-42
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• 1993

The Paektu-san mountains are geographically situated in the Korea strait to the north of the main peninsula, coordinated between the longitudes of W(127$^{\circ}$15'~128$^{\circ}$00')and E(128$^{\circ}$15'~129$^{\circ}$00'), and between the latitudes of S(41$^{\circ}$15'~42$^{\circ}$00') and N(42$^{\circ}$10'~42$^{\circ}$40'). The volcanic group of the Paektu-san mountains can be devided into 2 main kinds of volcanos by the method investigation, The ashes are mainly made of tremolite, trachte, basalt and pumice, or, a little quartz, labradorite and volcanic glass. These sorts, ratios and forms of the rocks are respectively similar. The Haeven lake is surrounded by 19 peaks. The central volcanic cone is a secant cone in shape, with an altitude of the 1800m to 2749,2m (Chang-kun-bong), an average diameter of 10km, and a shape of an ellipse seen high from the plane. They say there were several eruptions in 1668, 1700 and 1702 A. D. The crystal structure of the rock sample collected at the cave of Mt. Paektu-san is monoclinic. The quantitative analysis of the rock samples in the cave is done by using XRF this time. The chemical compositions by XRF fundamamental parameter analysis is : SiO$_2$: 50.72Wt%, TiO = 2.422Wt%, $Al_2$O$_3$= 17.65Wt%, Fe$_2$O$_3$= 9.371Wt%, CaO = 8.711Wt%, MgO = 4.l19Wt%, MnO = 0.l15Wt%, $K_2$O = 1.369Wt%, Na$_2$O : 3.028Wt% and P$_2$O$_{5}$ = 0.365Wt%. The K-Ar age of the rock sample is also determined to be 0.16Ma. This paper describes some problems experienced in dating young volcanic rocks, and then discusses chemical compositions, X-ray fluorescence analyses and the age of the formation of a lava tunnel such as in Mt. Paektu-san.n.