• Industry Promotion Research
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.229-239
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• 2023

This research as a literature study is to clarify solution method of hypochondriasis through focused distraction. Hypochondriasis is called by various terms such as somatization symptoms, health anxiety, illness phobia, illness anxiety disorder, hypochondriacal disorder, hypochondriacal neurosis, and hypochondria personality disorder. Hypochondria is basically a factor that causes worry, fear, anxiety, and even phobia, lowering the quality of life at home, work, and society. As the quality of life of individuals is decreasing, the field of counseling psychology and psychological counseling has the task of solving this problem and restoring psychological peace. Accordingly, this study is an attempt to explore the symptoms of hypochondria by using the distraction strategy among cognitive strategies as a way to resolve the condition. Focused distraction strategy can be said to be a kind of cognitive 'avoidance strategy'. Focused distraction strategy is a way to avoid being overly focused on one's health. In addition, it weakens health concerns by 'dispersing' or 'distracting' the 'attention' focused on health in another direction.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.349-358
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• 2023

Objectives: We used the 2019 Korea Health Panel Annual Data to analyze factors related to visits to Korean medicine (KM) outpatient clinics among patients with mood disorders in Korea. Methods: Individuals aged 19 years or older, with depressive or bipolar disorders, and with a record of using Western medicine (WM) and/or the KM medical service were included. The 266 subjects were classified into the WM group or the integrative medicine (IM) group. The Andersen healthcare utilization model was used to analyze factors that potentially influenced the subjects' healthcare utilization. Binomial logistic regression analysis was used to analyze factors influencing the use of IM medical services. Results: Among the subjects, 75.56% (n=201) were in the WM group, and 24.44% (n=65) were in the IM group. Statistically significant differences were observed in residential areas, total annual income, the presence of disability, and the level of pain/discomfort between the two groups. Regression analysis found that residential areas and pain/discomfort were factors related to the use of IM services. Specifically, reporting "a lot" of pain/discomfort compared to "no" pain/discomfort showed a significant positive relationship with the use of IM (odds ratio=4.57, 95% confidence interval=1.79 to 11.70). Conclusions: This study was the first to analyze the status of KM medical service use and related factors among patients with mood disorders in Korea. The finding that the presence of pain/discomfort was positively correlated with the use of KM services is potentially related to medically unexplained physical symptoms or somatization phenomena.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.20-28
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• 2020

Objectives : The aim of this study was to compare psychosocial characteristics of the functional gastrointestinal disorders FGID group, non-FGID group, and control group and determine factors affecting the QOL of patients with FGID. Methods : 135 patients diagnosed with FGID were selected. 79 adults had no observable symptoms of FGID (control group) and 88 adults showed symptoms of FGID (non-FGID group). Demographic factors were investigated. The Korean-Beck Depression Inventory-II, Korean-Beck Anxiety Inventory, Korean-Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire-15 and WHO Quality of Life Assessment Instrument Brief Form were used to assess psychosocial factors. A one-way ANOVA was used to compare differences among groups. Pearson correlation test was performed to analyze the correlation of psychosocial factors and QOL of the FGID group. Further, a hierarchical regression analysis was conducted to determine factors affecting the QOL of the FGID group. Results : Between-group differences were not significant in demographic characteristics. Depression (F=48.75, p<0.001), anxiety (F=14.48, p<0.001), somatization (F=24.42, p<0.001) and childhood trauma (F=12.71, p<0.001) were significantly higher in FGID group than in other groups. Social support (F=39.95, p<0.001) and resilience (F=17.51, p<0.001) were significantly lower in FGID group than in other groups. Resilience (β=0.373, p<0.01) was the most important explanatory variable. The explained variance was 47.2%. Conclusions : Significantly more symptoms of depression, anxiety, childhood trauma, and somatization were observed for the FGID group. This group also had less social support, resilience, and quality of life than the non-FGID and control groups. The key factor for quality of life of the FGID group was resilience.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.18-26
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• 2013

Objectives : Type D personality was originally introduced to study the role of personality in predicting outcomes of heart disease. However, researches showed that other medical conditions are also affected by this personality. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between type D personality and somatic symptom complaints in depressive patients. Methods : Eighty-two individuals diagnosed with depressive disorder were included. Type D personality was measured with DS14. Patient Health Questionnaire(PHQ) 9 and 15 were used to measure depression severity and somatization tendencies. For alexithymia, TAS-20 was used. Student T-test and linear regression analysis were performed. The best regression model was determined by stepwise variable selection. Results : More than half of the subjects(56%) complained at least medium degree somatic symptoms according to PHQ-15 criteria. Two-thirds of the subjects were classified as Type D personality(63.4%). The mean PHQ-15 score of the Type D individuals was significantly higher than the remaining subjects(PHQ-15 mean=12.7, $p=8.2{\times}10^{-7}$). The best regression model included age, PHQ-9 score and NA subscale score as predictor variables. Among these, only the coefficients of age($p=1.5{\times}10^{-3}$) and NA score($p=1.5{\times}10^{-7}$) were found to be statistically significant. Conclusions : The result showed that Type D personality was one of the strong predictors of somatic complaints among depressive individuals. The finding that negative affectivity rather than social inhibition was more closely associated with somatization tendencies does not fully agree with the traditional explanation that inability to express negative emotion predispose the individuals to somatic symptoms. The finding that alexithymia was not shown to be a significant predictors also substantiated this discrepancy. However, it might be possible that the high correlation between NA and SI subscore(r=0.65) and between NA and TAS-20 score(r=0.44) hid the additional effects of social inhibition and alexithymia. Further research with a larger sample would be needed to investigate the effects of the latter two components over and above the effect of negative affectivity on the somatic complaints in depressive patients.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.371-379
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• 2015

This study examined the symptoms of temporomandibular disorder and the relationship with the psychological character using Symptom Check List-90-Revision (SCL-90-R). The self-administered questionnaire survey was implemented from March 1, 2014 to June 30, 2014 targeting 294 University Students in Daejeon and Gangwon area aged 20-31 years old (Men 140 persons, Women 54 persons). The data showed that the teeth grinding and the unilateral chewing out of corrupt practices in the mouth in relation to the use of the lower jaw showed a significant correlation (p<0.01) with the depth of symptoms of temporomandibular disorder, as the result of the simple psychodiagnosis inspection (SCL-90-R), and a significant correlation (p<0.05) with the depth of symptoms of temporomandibular disorder in the item excluding phobic anxiety (PHOB). The somatization (SOM) criteria out of individual psychological characteristic appeared to have the significant plus (+) effect on the depth of symptoms of temporomandibular disorder as a result of implementing multiple regression analysis by controlling the individual characteristic variables to check the influence of the psychological character of the study object on the symptom of temporomandibular disorder.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.28 no.3 s.51
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• pp.715-725
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• 1995

This study was done for identifying the factors which affect psychologic symptoms of low back(LBP) patients. The study subjects were 43 work-related low back pain patients, 28 work-related non-low back pain patients and 47 general low back injury patients. The study materialis SCL 90-R for checking psychologic symptoms and questionnaire for obtaining general information about the subjects. The data were analyzed by model of analysis of covariance adjusted by several variables such as gender, age, education and marital status and then compared the least square means of symptom score between groups. To identify the factors that affect psychologic symptom, duration of suspension, return to work and interaction factor of these two variables were analyzed by multivariate model and we calcuated partial correlation coefficient of these variables. As a result, work-related LBP patients showed higher score of symptoms in somatization, depression and psychosis than work-related non-LBP and non-work-related LBP. Duration of suspension and return to work were significant explanatory variables for psychologic symptom score of work-related LBP. Then, we may conclude that the treatment and rehabilitation programe for work-related LBP should cover the strategy of early return to work.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.486-493
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• 2017

This study examined the stress reaction, resilience levels, and the effects of the stress reaction on the resilience among dental hygiene students. From July 11, 2016 to July 29, 2016, questionnaires were collected from 274 dental hygiene students in several areas. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, One-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple regression using SPSS Statistics ver.21.0. The stress reaction level of dental hygiene students was found to be 2.59 out of 5 points and the resilience level was 4.47 out of 7 points. The stress reaction and resilience showed a significant negative correlation in Fatigue, Tension, Frustration, Anger, Depression, Aggression(p>0.001), and stomatization(p>0.05). In other words, the lower the resilience, the higher the stress reaction.The factors of stress reaction influencing the resilience were depression and somatization, which explained 25.6%(R2=0.256). Therefore, to enhance the resilience of dental hygiene students, it is important to investigation the stress reaction and there should be more concern with students who have higher depression and stomatization. In addition, efforts to control the stress reaction are needed.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.256-268
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• 1992

This survey was conducted from January 1991 to May 1991. Two hundred arid eight residents in 4 government supported homes for the aged and two hundred and eleven living in the community in Taegu, Korea, were examined to evaluate the depression and the anxiety of the aged with combined anxiety and depression scale(CADS) and somatization symptom check list(SCL). There are no significant differences between residents in the home for the aged and those living in the community on the total scores of CADS and SCL. However, in the case of total score of CADS of the female subjects in the home for the aged were significantly higher than those of the community residents. The elderly in the home for the aged tended to have pure depression, while community residents were likely to have anxiety and depression. Fifty-two subjects of home for the aged and sixty-nine of the community scored over 50 points of CADS, which indicates considerable depression or anxiety. In psychosocial factors, the subjects who in the following situations had statistically significant higher scores than others. The results were as follow. Poor health, unhappiness, unsatisfaction to the past occupation, pessimistic thought in future view for both group and un satisfaction of the relationship with familiar people for the elderly in the community. The SCL scores of two groups subgrouped by under 49 and 50 on CADS showed significant differences between each subgroup on all of the SCL items. It could be suggested that somatic symptoms for the aged is a sign of depression.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.151-157
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• 1997

The relationship of stress and psychopathology with subjective or objective tinnitus intensity was investigated in 43 patients with tinnitus. Global assessment of recent stress scale, Beck depression inventory and symptom checklist-90-revision were used to measure stress perception and psychopathology. Subjective tinnitus intensity was assessed by subjective tinnitus severity inventory, whereas objective tinnitus intensity was assessed by tinnitogram. Scores of perceived stress related to interpersonal relationship and sickness or min had significantly positive correlation with subjective tinnitus intensity. In psychopathology, scores of somatization, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, phobia, paranoid ideation, psychoticism had significantly positive correlation with subjective tinnitus intensity. However, stress perception and psychopathology did not significantly correlate with objective tinnitus intensity. These findings suggest that tinnitus may be associated with stress perception and multiple psychopathology including anxiety and depression. Thus, it is emphasized that Psychosocial intervention as well as effective consultation-liasion activity is needed for evaluation and treatment of patients with tinnitus.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.293-301
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• 2018

This study examined the effects of a multifaceted intervention program on the psychological condition, empowerment, work readiness, and functional capacity for job performance of industrially injured workers. Twelve injured workers in C hospital were included in this study. The subjects participated in a social rehabilitation program 2 hours a day, twice a week, for 8 weeks in total, as well as a work hardening program 3 to 4 hours a day, 5 times a week, for 8 weeks in total. The study was conducted from March to September, 2017. A multi-dimensional psychological examination, empowerment scale, work readiness interview and functional capacity evaluation were conducted and the test scores compared before and after the program with the Wilcoxon signed rank test. In the multi-dimensional psychological examination, there were significant differences in the levels of anxiety, depression, lack of social support, and somatization symptoms (p<.05) except anger. The participants also showed significant differences in the empowerment scale, work readiness scale, and functional capacity evaluation. This study suggests that a multifaceted intervention program can be effective in improving the psychologic condition, empowerment, work readiness, and functional capacity of industrially injured workers and, in turn, may improve their rate of returning to work.