• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.143-151
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• 2006

In the past decade, the median duration of survival among patients with advanced colorectal cancer has increased from 12 months to about 18 months, primarily as a results of the introduction of irinotecan and oxaliplatin. Advances in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the development and progression of cancer have resulted in the discovery of new therapeutic interventions that target specific molecular abnormalities. Their specificity, and therefore their potential to bind preferentially and modify tumor-specific targets, sparing normal tissues and causing fewer side-effects compared to conventional cytotoxic agents, makes them an attractive therapeutic option. The future of this approach for the treatment of solid tumors is promising.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.136-141
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• 2017

Accurate detection of genomic alterations, especially druggable hotspot mutations in tumors, has become an essential part of precision medicine. With targeted sequencing, we can obtain deeper coverage of reads and handle data more easily with a relatively lower cost and less time than whole-exome or whole-genome sequencing. Recently, we designed a customized gene panel for targeted sequencing of major solid cancers. In this study, we aimed to validate its performance. The cancer panel targets 95 cancer-related genes. In terms of the limit of detection, more than 86% of target mutations with a mutant allele frequency (MAF) <1% can be identified, and any mutation with >3% MAF can be detected. When we applied this system for the analysis of Acrometrix Oncology Hotspot Control DNA, which contains more than 500 COSMIC mutations across 53 genes, 99% of the expected mutations were robustly detected. We also confirmed the high reproducibility of the detection of mutations in multiple independent analyses. When we explored copy number alterations (CNAs), the expected CNAs were successfully detected, and this result was confirmed by target-specific genomic quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Taken together, these results support the reliability and accuracy of our cancer panel in detecting mutations. This panel could be useful for key mutation profiling research in solid tumors and clinical translation.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.15-24
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• 2009

This paper estimates the nation wide amount of forest biomass arising from management operation for domestic forest based on the simulations that are composed of five scenarios for selecting the target area of thinning. In 2009, the forest biomass arising from thinning is estimated to be 6,642,174 $m^3$. The estimates of forest biomass in 2015 and 2018 are 5,935,140 $m^3$ and 5,682,538 $m^3$, respectively. Since the target forest for thinning policy is estimated to be decreasing, the biomass generated by thinning will decline too. The estimates of forest biomass can be used to induce more effective application of woody biomass rather than one-sided use such as raw materials for solid fuels including pellets and charcoals.

• 동굴
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• 제71호
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• pp.5-11
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• 2006

A theoretical investigation of the solid phase mechanochemical synthesis of nano sized target product on the basis of dilution of the initial powdered reagent mixture by another product of an exchange reaction is presented. On the basis of the proposed 3 mode particle size distribution in mechanically activated mixture, optimal molar ratios of the components in mixture are calculated, providing the occurrence of impact friction contacts of reagent particles and excluding aggregation of the nanosized particles of the target reaction product. Derivation of kinetic equations for mechanochemical synthesis of nanoscale particles by the final product dilution method in the systems of exchange reactions is submitted. On the basis of obtained equations the necessary times of mechanical activation for complete course of mechanochemical reactions are designed. Kinetics of solid phase mechanosynthesis of nano TlCl by dilution of initial (2NaCl+$Tl_2SO_4$) mixture with the exchange reaction product (diluent,$zNa_2SO_4$, z=z*=11.25) was studied experimentally. Some peculiar features of the reaction mechanism were found. Parameters of the kinetic curve of nano TlCl obtained experimentally were compared with those for the model reaction KBr+TlCl+zKCl=(z+1) KCl+TlBr (z=z1*=13.5), and for the first time the value of mass transfer coefficient in a mechanochemical reactor with mobile milling balls was evaluated. Dynamics of the size change was followed for nanoparticle reaction product as a function of mechanical activation time.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.269-276
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• 2011

Phase evolution and tribological behavior of Cr-Mo-N multi compositional films with different interlayer were investigated. The films were deposited by hybrid PVD (Physical Vapor Deposition) system consisted of dc unbalanced magnetron (UBM) sputtering and arc ion plating (AIP) sources. A pure molybdenum (Mo) was used as sputtering target and also a pure Cr was used as AIP target to form the Cr-Mo-N films. Various growth planes were found, no textured surface, in all of the multi composition films. Maximum value of microhardness was measured in Cr-Mo-N film with Mo interlayer as 29 GPa. Composition film was mainly showed the aspect of the adhesive wear than CrN film. The friction coefficient was decreased from 0.6 for pure CrN coating to 0.35 for Cr-Mo-N film with Mo interlayer. This result may come from the formation of metal oxide tribo-layer which is known as solid lubricant during the wear test.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2005년도 하계학술대회 논문집 Vol.6
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• pp.405-406
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• 2005

A theoretical investigation of the solid-phase mechanochemical synthesis of nano-sized target product on the basis of dilution of the initial powdered reagent mixture by another product of an exchange reaction is presented. On the basis of the proposed 3-mode particle size distribution in mechanically activated mixture, optimal molar ratios of the components in mixture are calculated, providing the occurrence of impact-friction contacts of reagent particles and excluding aggregation of the nanosized particles of the target reaction product. Derivation of kinetic equations for mechanochemical synthesis of nanoscale particles by the final product dilution method in the systems of exchange reactions is submitted. On the basis of obtained equations the necessary times of mechanical activation for complete course of mechanochemical reactions are designed. Kinetics of solid phase mechanosynthesis of nano-TlCl by dilution of initial (2NaCl + $Tl_2SO_4$) mixture with the exchange reaction product (diluent, $zNa_2SO_4$, $z=z^*=11.25$) was studied experimentally. Some peculiar features of the reaction mechanism were found. Parameters of the kinetic curve of nano-TlCl obtained experimentally were compared with those for the model reaction KBr + TlCl + zKCl = (z + 1) KCl + TlBr ($z=z_l^*=13.5$), and for the first time the value of mass transfer coefficient in a mechanochemical reactor with mobile milling balls was evaluated. Dynamics of the size change was followed for nanoparticle reaction product as a function of mechanical activation time.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.75-83
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• 2013

본 연구는 기존의 고상추출(SPE) 과정을 분석장비인 LC/MSD에 on-line으로 연결함으로써 cartridge의 건조를 막아 target 물질의 손실을 최대한 억제하였으며 11종의 PFCs에 대해 실제 matrix가 있는 낙동강 원수를 이용한 실험에서 $80.4{\pm}5.2%{\sim}109.5{\pm}1.4%$ 범위의 높은 회수율을 구할 수 있었다. 낙동강에서의 PFCs 분포를 조사한 결과 하수처리장 방류수의 영향을 받는 지역(진천천과 금호강 하류)은 고농도의 PFCs가 검출되었으며, 낙동강 하류의 매리원수에서는 검출농도가 급격히 감소하여 PFOA만 8.0 ng/L의 농도로 검출되었다. 외국의 PFCs 검출현황을 보고한 연구결과들과 비교해 볼 때 낙동강 지류에서는 비교적 높은 농도로 PFCs가 검출되어 안심할 수 있는 수준은 아니었으며, 낙동강 본류의 경우도 여러 지역의 상수원으로 이용되기 때문에 주기적인 모니터링이 필요한 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2008년 영문 학술대회
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• pp.330-339
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• 2008

Ground-based interceptors(GBI) comprise a major element of the strategic defense against hostile targets like Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles(ICBM) and reentry vehicles(RV) dispersed from them. An optimum design of the subsystems is required to increase the performance and reliability of these GBI. Propulsion subsystem design and optimization is the motivation for this effort. This paper describes an effort in which an entire GBI missile system, including a multi-stage solid rocket booster, is considered simultaneously in a Genetic Algorithm(GA) performance optimization process. Single goal, constrained optimization is performed. For specified payload and miss distance, time of flight, the most important component in the optimization process is the booster, for its takeoff weight, time of flight, or a combination of the two. The GBI is assumed to be a multistage missile that uses target location data provided by two ground based RF radar sensors and two low earth orbit(LEO) IR sensors. 3Dimensional model is developed for a multistage target with a boost phase acceleration profile that depends on total mass, propellant mass and the specific impulse in the gravity field. The monostatic radar cross section (RCS) data of a three stage ICBM is used. For preliminary design, GBI is assumed to have a fixed initial position from the target launch point and zero launch delay. GBI carries the Kill Vehicle(KV) to an optimal position in space to allow it to complete the intercept. The objective is to design and optimize the propulsion system for the GBI that will fulfill mission requirements and objectives. The KV weight and volume requirements are specified in the problem definition before the optimization is computed. We have considered only continuous design variables, while considering discrete variables as input. Though the number of stages should also be one of the design variables, however, in this paper it is fixed as three. The elite solution from GA is passed on to(Sequential Quadratic Programming) SQP as near optimal guess. The SQP then performs local convergence to identify the minimum mass of the GBI. The performance of the three staged GBI is validated using a ballistic missile intercept scenario modeled in Matlab/SIMULINK.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2004년도 하계학술대회 논문집 Vol.5 No.2
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• pp.1092-1095
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• 2004

The $ZnGa_2O_4$ phosphor target is synthesized through solid-state reactions as calcine and sintering temperature in order to deposit $ZnGa_2O_4$ phosphor thin film by rf magnetron sputtering system. The $ZnGa_2O_4$ phosphor thin film is deposited on $Pt/Ti/SiO_2/Si$ substrate and prepared $ZnGa_2O_4$ Phosphor thin film is annealed by rapid thermal processor(RTP) at $750^{\circ}C$, 10 sec. The x-ray diffraction patterns of $ZnGa_2O_4$ phosphor target and thin film show the position of (311) main peak. The cathodolumincsccnce(CL) succtrums of $ZnGa_2O_4$ phosphor target show main peak of 360nm and broad bandwidth of about 180nm.

• BMB Reports
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• 제41권12호
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• pp.833-839
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• 2008

Angiogenesis in tumors is driven by multiple growth factors that activate receptor tyrosine kinases. An important driving force of angiogenesis in solid tumors is signaling through vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors (VEGFRs). Angiogenesis inhibitors that target this signaling pathway are now in widespread use for the treatment of cancer. However, when used alone, inhibitors of VEGF/VEGFR signaling do not destroy all blood vessels in tumors and do not slow the growth of most human cancers. VEGF/VEGFR signaling inhibitors are, therefore, used in combination with chemotherapeutic agents or radiation therapy. Additional targets for inhibiting angiogenesis would be useful for more efficacious treatment of cancer. One promising target is the signaling pathway of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and its receptor (HGFR, also known as c-Met), which plays important roles in angiogenesis and tumor growth. Inhibitors of this signaling pathway have been shown to inhibit angiogenesis in multiple in vitro and in vivo models. The HGF/c-Met signaling pathway is now recognized as a promising target in cancer by inhibiting angiogenesis, tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis.