• 한국식물병리학회지
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.583-588
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• 1998

This study was conducted to investigate the potential of nitrate-nonutilizing mutants (nit mutants) in ecological studies of Fusarium disease of strawberry. Nit mutants of Fusarium oxysporum from strawberry were easily formed on chlorate-containing media. Nit mutants were assigned to three phenotypic classes, nit1, nit3, and NitM, on the basis of their growth on media containing one of the following five different nitrogen sources ; nitrate, nitrite, hypoxanthine, ammonium and uric acid. Frequency of nit mutation and proportion of three phenotypes of nit mutants depended on the isolate. Mutation rate was 45.6% and ranged from 15.0% to 95.0%. The frequency of nit1 mutants was higher than that of nit3 or NitM. The complementary reaction between nit1 and NitM was higher than that of other combination. There has been no complementary response observed between nit3 and nit3. The nit mutants showed similar growth pattern as the that of wild type isolate on potato sucrose agar and potato sucrose liquid media. Most of the mutants retained pathogenicity, and maintained their phenotypes even after two year preservation through subculture on slanted PSA at room temperature. Nit mutants were selctively isolated from infested soil and infected plants on the selective medium (MMCPA) containing potassium chlorate with their original phenotypes, while naturally occurring isolates of Fusarium oxysporum were not grow on the medium. On the contrary, nit mutants showed very slight growth on the medium (MMPA) containing nitrate as a sole nitrogen source, and therefore could be distinguished from wild type isolate.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.120-123
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• 2001

Sphingomonas chungbukensis DJ77에서 난분해성 물질 분해 유전자가 chromosome 또는 plasmid 존재하는지를 규명하였다. 야생주 DJ77의 plasmid를 mitomycin C를 이용하여 curing 시킨 후, 각각 phenanthrene과 biphenyl이 단일 탄소원으로 첨가된 최소배지에서 배양한 결과 야생주는 성장을 하지만 plasmid가 제거된 DJ77은 성장하지 않았다. 각각의 plasmid DNA를 분리한 수 이미 클로닝된 방향족 탄화수소 분해에 관련된 DNA를 probe로 하여 Southern hybridization을 한 결과 야생주에서만 positive signal을 발견할 수 있었다.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.57-64
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• 2008

In the previous study, the Haar wavelet was used as the sole basis function for the 3D discrete wavelet transform because the number of bands is too small to decompose a remotely sensed image in band direction with other basis functions. However, it is possible to use other basis functions for wavelet decomposition in horizontal and vertical directions because wavelet decomposition is independently performed in each direction. This study aims to classify a high spatial resolution image with the six types of basis function including the Haar function and to compare those results. The other wavelets are more helpful to classify high resolution imagery than the Haar wavelet. In overall accuracy, the Coif4 wavelet has the best result. The improvement of classification accuracy is different depending on the type of class and the type of wavelet. Using the basis functions with long length could be effective for improving accuracy in classification, especially for the classes of small area. This study is expected to be used as fundamental information for selecting optimal basis function according to the data properties in the 3D DWT based image classification.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.279-284
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• 1989

부산시내 주택단지의 하수나 토양에서 LAS 분해능이 우수한 균주를 유일한 탄소원으로서 sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate(SOBS, soft type)를 포함하는 agar plate를 사용하여 분리히였다 이들 분리균중 2균주가. SOBS를 0.1% 함유한 완전배지에서 30$^{\circ}$C 24시간 배양했을 때' SOBS분해율이 최고 59% 정도까지 냐타내였다 긍속이온에 대한 이들 분리 균의 내성조사결과 대부분 $CdCl^{2}$,와 $ZnCl^{2}$에 비교적 내성이 큰 것으로 나타났으며 분리균의 항생제 내성시험에서는 ampicillin 에 대하여 내성을 나타내었다. 특히 분리균중 1개는 ampicillin에 대해 1,550mg/ml 이상에서도 내성을 나타내었으며 이 분리균주는 Klebsiella 속으로 동정되었다. 이 균주는 5kb와 4kb의 2개의 plasmid를 가지고 있었으며 이들은 E. coli C600 plasmic 균주에 형질전환시켰을 때 SDBS분해능을 나타내었으므로 SDBS분해능은 plasmid에 존재하는 유전인자에 의한 것임을 알 수 있었다.

• 벤처창업연구
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.247-264
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 프랜차이즈 창업과 독립 창업 집단을 결정하는 요인을 알아보기 위해 9개의 가설을 설정하였고, 가설검증을 위해 서울, 경기, 대구, 경북에 거주하는 일반인을 대상으로 온라인과 오프라인으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 회수된 총 415부의 설문 결과 중 불성실한 답변 17부를 제외한 398부를 SPSS 22.0 프로그램을 이용하여 신뢰성 분석, 타당성 분석, 상관관계 분석, 판별 분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과, 프랜차이즈 창업 집단과 독립 창업 집단 사이에는 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 확인되었고, 일반인 전체 398개 케이스의 경우에는 창업의지, 성취욕구, 자율성, 기업가정신, 자기유능감, 교육정도, 네트워크, 연령대, 소득정도의 순서로 집단 판별력의 크기가 강한 것으로 나타났으며, 그에 따른 판별함수와 분류함수가 도출되었다. 한편, 398개 케이스 중에서 실제로 창업을 신중하게 고려하고 있는 178명 케이스의 경우에는 자율성이 두 집단을 구분하는 판별력이 있는 것으로 나타났고, 마찬가지로 이에 따른 판별함수와 분류함수가 도출되었다. 본 연구의 결과는 정부 기업 학교 학원 등 실무에서 효율적으로 프랜차이즈 창업 집단과 독립 창업 집단을 구분하는 데에 활용할 수 있다는 시사점이 있다.

• 폴리머
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.262-267
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• 2012

할로겐화알킬($PhCH_2Br$, $PhCH_2Cl$, MeI)과 설폰산에스테르(MeOTf)를 개시제로 사용하여 $100^{\circ}C$, 24시간의 반응조건으로 2-(1,3,3-trimethyl-6-azabicyclo[3,2,1]-oct-6-yl)-4,5-dihydro-1,3-oxazoline(TAO)의 중합을 실시, 개시제에 의한 폴리머구조의 영향을 관찰한 결과, 양쪽 개시제 모두 거의 동일한 연쇄이동에서 나타나는 경향과 비슷한 결과를 얻었다. 그러나 개시제에 의한 폴리머의 구조는 설폰산에스테르계 개시제에서는 거의 100% pendant type 폴리머가 생성되는 반면, 할로겐화알킬계 개시제를 사용한 TAO중합은 pendant type 단위와 main chain type의 단위가 소량 생성됨이 확인되어 이것은 구핵성이 높은 할로겐 음이온에 의한 이중이성화중합이 부분적으로 진행되었음을 확인하였으며, 개시제로 Merrifield수지를 사용한 TAO와의 공중합에서는 다량의 단일중합체가 부생되는 그래프트 공중합체가 생성되었다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.127-137
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• 2012

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of $Clematidis$ radix herbal-acupuncture solution, on collagen, adjuvant, lipopolysaccharide and phospholipase A2 induced rheumatoid arthritis in mice. Methods : Arthritis index was measured for mouse that was injected subcutaneously in solution mixed chicken type II collagen with Freund's complete adjuvant. We injected Freund's complete adjuvant into right posterior part of the sole of a ICR mouse foot, which was measured by plethysmometer. The solution mixed $CRHS$ with Tris-HCI, $CaCl_2$, substrate, enzyme was done a chemical action for thirty minutes, and then inhibitory activity of PLA2 enzyme was expressed with inhibition percentage by utilizing isolated arachidonic acid. COX-2 was induced by adding LPS to RAW 264.7 cell, and COX-2 activity was measured by western blot analysis and $PGE_2$ Biotrak kit. Results : $CRHS$ also inhibited Freund's complete adjuvant induced chronic rheumatoid arthritis in mice. $CRHS$ showed significant inhibition of type I and type II $PLA_2$ activities in a dose dependent manner. Furthermore, $PGE_2$ production was decreased with $CRHS$ and lipopolysaccharide-induced COX-2 protein expression was significantly inhibited by $CRHS$. Conclusions : These results suggest that $CRHS$ has an therapeutic effect on drug induced-rheumatoic arthritis by inhibiting $PLA_2$ and COX-2 activities.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.80-90
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• 2013

Recently, functional insoles of wedge-type it is for the young to raise their height inserted between insole and heel cause foot pain and disease. Additionally, these have a problem with stability and excessively load-bearing during gait like high-heel shoes. In this study, we compared the changes in biomechanical characteristics of foot with different insole thickness then we will utilize for the development of the insole with the purpose of relieving the pain and disease. Subjects(male, n = 6) measured COP(center of pressure) and PCP(peak contact pressure) on the treadmill(140cm/s) using F-scan system and different insole thickness(0~50 mm) between sole and plantar surface during gait. Also, we computed changes of stresses at the foot using finite element model with various insole thickness during toe-off phase. COP moved anterior and medial direction and, PCP was increased at medial forefoot surface, $1^{st}$ and $2^{nd}$ metatarsophalangeal, ($9%{\uparrow}$) with thicker insoles and it was show sensitive increment as the insole thickness was increased from 40 mm to 50 mm. Change of the stress at the soft-tissue of plantar surface, $1^{st}$ metatarsal head represents rapid growth($36%{\uparrow}$). Also, lateral moments were increased over the 100% near the $1^{st}$ metatarsal as the insole thickness was increased from 0 mm to 30 mm. And it is show sensitive increment as the insole thickness changed 10 mm to 20 mm. As a result, it was expected that use of excessively thick insoles might cause unwanted foot pain at the forefoot region. Therefore, insole thickness under 30 mm was selected.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.319-326
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• 2007

The health of feet is connected with individual's health and affects a man's activity. Shoes need to be designed to protect feet and to absorb the impact of land. In order to choose suitable shoes for feet, the foot size and shape must be considered, so it is essential to grasp the exact size and shape of the foot. This study aims to present fundamental data on shoes' easy order prototype development for choosing shoes of good wearing comfort, by classifying feet size and shape junior high school boys in the early adolescent period. The subject were 217 Korean junior high school girls in age from 14 to 16 years old. The subjects were directly measured anthropometrically and indirectly analyzed photographically. 7 factors were extracted through factor analysis and those factors comprised 78.59% of total variance. The factors were characterized foot length, foot girth and width, foot shape around the fifth toes, foot shape around the first toes, angle of foot breadth, foot height, and foot length of upper foot. 3 clusters as their foot shape were categorized using 7 factor scores by cluster analysis. Type 1 had smaller in foot girth, width and length than other types and with deformed fifth toe. Type 2 had average size and high foot shape. Type 3 was characterized by long large foot with deformed first toe. The results would be a great support in producing and choosing appropriate shoes if forms are classified by subdividing foot form classification and extract a factor which shows only the foot sole shape.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.13-25
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• 2019

Objectives : This study analyzed domestic case reports of syndrome differentiation and herbal medicine treatment for tic disorder published from 2000 to 2018 and aimed to seize the latest trend of Korean herbal medicine treatment according to syndrome differentiation. Methods : We searched herbal medicine treatment of tic disorder through five major Korean academic literature databases; NDSL, KTKP, KISS, RISS, DBPIA. Results : 12 articles were included in this study from 49 articles. These studies were analyzed by year, evaluation criteria, Korean treatments, treatment effects, syndrome differentiation, herbal medication, duration of medication, and type of herbal medicine. Treatment results were assessed by YGTSS. Most cases accompanied Korean integrative treatments and only one case report used herbal medicine alone. Most common type of syndrome differentiation for patients was spleen. Duration of medication varied according to each case and decoction was the most used type of herbal medication. Conclusions : It has been reported that herbal medicine treatment according to the syndrome differentiation could be effective in treating tic disorder. This study suggests that additional studies will be required to justify classification of syndrome differentiation and the sole effectiveness of herbal medicine on tic disorder.