• 제목/요약/키워드: sold fisheries

검색결과 39건 처리시간 0.023초

브랜드 수산물이 소비자 태도를 매개로 구매의도에 미치는 영향 (A Study of the Seafood Brand Influence on Purchase Intention focus on the Mediating Effects of Attitude)

  • 장영수;이유진
    • 수산경영론집
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    • 제42권1호
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    • pp.97-112
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    • 2011
  • Today, the consumer is more careful in buying goods, invests more time in collecting relevant information to avoid any potential danger, and restricts from potential impulse buying. To react this consumer's carefulness, the seafood brands provide much information including the origin labeling system, the traceability, the food's safety & hygiene. Also the branding by region or company is pursued. Like that, a seafood brand's importance is increased, but there lack few researches dealing how current consumer's attitude influences on real purchase behavior, and how the attitude works consumer purchase decision. Therefore, this study researched the brand's influence on the consumer's attitude and purchase intention. For this purpose, this study targeted the salty mackerel and the dried yellow corvina because they are already branded and sold in some popularity, and researched how a brand's popularity, its image, and its recognized quality could effect on the consumer's attitude and purchase intention. As the result, it was appeared that a seafood brand's popularity didn't directly effect on the consumer's purchase intention, but indirectly influenced through the consumer's attitude as a parameter. From this result, improving a seafood brand's popularity needs some time to form the consumer's positive attitude and to lead to consumer purchase intention of seafood brand. So, it is thought that various promotion activities for seafood consumption must be continually performed rather than some temporary special events. Consumers showed more positive attitude on familiar seafood based on a product's original place and the freshness. Also they had better feeling about some seafood with their speciality images rather than the same kinds of products produced in other regions. This attitude temporarily led to purchase intention. Therefore, it is important that the branding strategy development should start from some seafood familiar to us in traditional food culture and food habit, but should delivery the reliance and the freshness in accurately indicating their origins, and should emphasize their differences as specialities. Consumers showed some positive attitudes on the seafood featuring the hygiene, the safety, continual good quality, and their attitudes led to their purchase intentions in temporary. The seafood product reflecting these results the best is the marketing activities on some Andong salty mackerel products acquired HACCP certification. it is thought that a seafood's branding strategy should be established on distinctive branding strategies using reliable certification mark like HACCP based on the hygiene, the safety, and the quality.

명태 수리미 부산물 유래 젤라틴 가수분해물을 이용한 시판 간장의 항산화성 및 ACE 저해활성의 개선 (Improvement of the Antioxidative and ACE-inhibiting Activities of Commercial Soy Sauce using Gelatin Hydrolysates from the By-products of Alaska Pollock)

  • 허민수;박찬호;김정균;김형준;윤민석;박권현;김진수
    • 한국수산과학회지
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    • 제43권3호
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    • pp.179-187
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    • 2010
  • This study examined ways to improve the functional properties of commercial soy sauce using gelatin hydrolysates from the refiner discharge of Alaska pollock, Theragra chalcogramma. The total nitrogen content and pH of gelatin sauce prepared by dissolving the second-step gelatin hydrolysates (15 g), salt (20 g), sugar (5 g), glucose (2.5 g), inosine monophosphate (IMP) (0.5 g), black pepper (0.1 g), caramel powder (0.1 g), ginger powder (0.05 g), garlic powder (0.05 g), vinegar (3 mL), and fructose (3 mL) in water(100 mL) were 1.71% and 5.35, respectively. The results of a sensory evaluation indicated that when preparing blended soy sauce, the optimal blending ratio of gelatin sauce to commercial soy sauce was 20:80 (v/v). Because the total nitrogen content and pH of the blended soy sauce were 1.52% and 5.31, respectively, the blended soy sauce could be sold as a soy sauce. The oxidative property of the blended soy sauce was similar to that of 20 mM ascorbic acid, and its angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) -inhibiting activity was 1.5 mg/mL. The results suggest that the antioxidative and ACE-inhibiting activities of commercial soy sauce can be improved by blending gelatin sauce (20) with commercial soy sauce (80). The total amino acid content of the blended soy sauce was 9,107.3 mg/mL, which was higher than that (8,992.4 mg/100 mL) of commercial soy sauce. However, the taste value of the blended soy sauce was 415.8, which was lower than that (431.2) of commercial soy sauce.

참치(Thunnus albacares) 적색육과 황새치(Xiphias gladius) 백색육의 혼합 비율에 따른 어육 패티의 품질 특성 (Quality Characteristics of Fish Meat Patties Based on the Proportion of Tuna Thunnus albacares Red Meat and Swordfish Xiphias gladius White Meat)

  • 이하영;이상민;유현지;나현식;김동현;서고운;고창현;박선우;최형욱;최예진;조미정;서용수;안동현
    • 한국수산과학회지
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    • 제57권2호
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    • pp.116-121
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    • 2024
  • The meats of tuna Thunnus albacares and swordfish Xiphias gladius are ideal for fish patty production, offering high nutrition and other health benefits. Although red fish meat, including tuna, is added for cost-effectiveness, swordfish white meat is also used, as its aroma resembles that of market-sold beef patties. Here, we assessed the different blending ratios of tuna red meat and swordfish white meat (60:40, 40:60, 20:80, and 0:100) to find the optimal combination for fish patty production. Regarding color, the heated fish patties exhibited increased redness (a*) and yellowness (b*) compared with those of non-heated ones, with similar brightness (L*). The heated patties also scored higher concerning hardness, springiness, gumminess, and chewiness. A higher proportion of swordfish white meat resulted in a softer texture, particularly in patties with a ratio of 40% red meat to 60% white meat. Considering the results of the texture comparison analysis, it is recommended that the texture be improved by increasing the physical property "softness." Sensory evaluations revealed that the addition of white meat led to increased scores in terms of smell, beef taste, texture, and elasticity. These results suggest that swordfish white meat, with improved overall quality, is a suitable raw material for fish patties. Accordingly, the recommended ratio of 20% tuna red meat to 80% swordfish white meat is optimal for fish patty production.

한국수산업의 해외진출전략에 관한 연구 (Foreign Entry Strategies for Korean Fishery Firms)

  • 김회천
    • 수산경영론집
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    • 제15권1호
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    • pp.131-153
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    • 1984
  • Fishery resources are still abundant compared with other resources and the possibility of exploitation is probably great. The Korean fishery industry has grown remarkably since 1957, and Korea is ranked as one of the major fishery countries. Its of fishery products reached the 9th in the world and the value of exports was 5th in 1982. But recently a growth rate has slowed down, due to the enlargement of territorial seas by the declaration of the 200 mile, Exclusive Economic Zone, the tendency to develop fishery resources strate-gically in international bargaining, the change in function of the international organizations, the expansion of regulated waters, the illegal arrest of our fishing boats, the rapid rise in oil prices, and the fall in fish prices, the development of fishery resources as a symbol of nationalism, the fishing boats decreptitude, the rise of crew wages, regulations on fishing methods, fish species, fishing season, size of fish, and mesh size, fishing quotas and the demand of excessive fishing royalties. Besides the the obligation of coastal countries, employing crews of their host countries is also an example of the change in the international environment which causes the aggravation of foreign profit of fishing firms. To ameliorate the situation, our Korean fishery firms must prepare efficient plans and study systematically to internationalize themselves because such existing methods as conventional fishing entry and licence fishing entry are likely to be unable to cope with international environmental change. Thus, after the systematic analysis of the problem, some new combined alternatives might be proposed. These are some of the new schemes to support this plan showing the orientation of our national policy: 1. Most of the coastal states, to cope with rapid international environmental change and to survive in the new era of ocean order, have rationalized their higher governmental structure concerning the fishery industries. And the coastal countries which are the objectives of our expecting entry, demand excessive economic and technical aid, limit the number of fishing boats’entry and the use of our foreign fishing bases, and regulate the membership of the international fishery commissions. Especially, most of the coastal or island countries are recently independent states, which are poorer in national budget, depend largely on fishing royalties and licence entry fees as their main resources of national finance. 2. Alternatives to our entry to deep sea fishing, as internationalization strategies, are by direct foreign investment method. About 30 firms have already invested approximately US $ 8 million in 9 coastal countries. Areas of investment comprise the southern part of the Atlantic Ocean, the Moroccan sea and five other sea areas. Trawling, tuna purse seining and five other fields are covered by the investment. Joint-venture is the most prominent method of this direct investment. If we consider the number of entry firms, the host countries, the number of seas available and the size of investment, this method of cooperation is perhaps insufficient so far. Our fishery firms suffer from a weakness in international competitive ability, an insufficiency of information, of short funds, incompetency in the market, the unfriendliness of host coastal countries, the incapability of partners in joint-ventures and the political instability of the host countries. To enlarge our foreign fishing grounds, we are to actively adopt the direct investment entry method and to diversity our collaboraboration with partner countries. Consequently, besides proper fishing, we might utilize forward integration strategies, including the processing fied. a. The enterprise emigration method is likely to be successful in Argentina. It includes the development of Argentinian fishing grounds which are still not exploited in spite of abundant resources. Besides, Arentina could also be developed as a base for the exploitation of the krill resources and for further entries into collaboration with other Latin American countries. b. The co-business contract fishing method works in American territorial seas where American fishermen sell their fishery products to our factory ships at sea. This method contributes greatly to obtaining more fishing quotas and in innovation bottom fishing operation. Therefore we may apply this method to other countres to diffuse our foreign fishing entry. c. The new fishing ground development method was begun in 1957 by tuna long-line experimental fishing in the Indian Ocean. It has five fields, trawling, skipjack pole fishing and shrimp trawling, and so on. Recently, Korean fisheries were successful in the development of the Antarctic Ocean krill and tuna purse seining. 3. The acceleration of the internationalization of deep sea fishing; a. Intense information exchange activities and commission participation are likely to be continues as our contributions to the international fishery organizations. We should try to enter international fishery commissions in which we are not so far participating. And we have to reform adequately to meet the changes of the function of the international commissions. With our partner countries, we ought to conclude bilateral fishery agreements, thus enlarging our collaboration. b. Our government should offer economic and technical aids to host countries to facilitate our firms’fishery entry and activities. c. To accelerate technical innovation, our fishery firms must invest greater amount in technical innovation, at the same time be more discriminatory in importing exogeneous fishery technologies. As for fishing methods; expanded use of multi-purpose fishing boats and introduction of automation should be encuraged to prevent seasonal fluctuations in fishery outputs. d. The government should increases financial and tax aid to Korean firms in order to elevate already weak financial structure of Korean fishery firms. e. Finally, the government ought to revise foreign exchange regulations being applied to deep sea fishery firms. Furthermore, dutes levied on foreign purchaed equipments and supplies used by our deep sea fishing boats thould be reduced or exempted. when the fish caught by Korean partner of joint-venture firms is sold at the home port, pusan, import duty should be exempted.

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일본 어류 양식업의 발전과정과 산지교체에 관한 연구 : 참돔양식업을 사례로 (A study on Development Process of Fish Aquaculture in Japan - Case by Seabream Aquaculture -)

  • 송정헌
    • 수산경영론집
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    • 제34권2호
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    • pp.75-90
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    • 2003
  • When we think of fundamental problems of the aquaculture industry, there are several strict conditions, and consequently the aquaculture industry is forced to change. Fish aquaculture has a structural supply surplus in production, aggravation of fishing grounds, stagnant low price due to recent recession, and drastic change of distribution circumstances. It is requested for us to initiate discussion on such issue as “how fish aquaculture establishes its status in the coastal fishery\ulcorner, will fish aquaculture grow in the future\ulcorner, and if so “how it will be restructured\ulcorner” The above issues can be observed in the mariculture of yellow tail, sea scallop and eel. But there have not been studied concerning seabream even though the production is over 30% of the total production of fish aquaculture in resent and it occupied an important status in the fish aquaculture. The objectives of this study is to forecast the future movement of sea bream aquaculture. The first goal of the study is to contribute to managerial and economic studies on the aquaculture industry. The second goal is to identify the factors influencing the competition between production areas and to identify the mechanisms involved. This study will examine the competitive power in individual producing area, its behavior, and its compulsory factors based on case study. Producing areas will be categorized according to following parameters : distance to market and availability of transportation, natural environment, the time of formation of producing areas (leaderㆍfollower), major production items, scale of business and producing areas, degree of organization in production and sales. As a factor in shaping the production area of sea bream aquaculture, natural conditions especially the water temperature is very important. Sea bream shows more active feeding and faster growth in areas located where the water temperature does not go below 13∼14$^{\circ}C$ during the winter. Also fish aquaculture is constrained by the transporting distance. Aquacultured yellowtail is a mass-produced and a mass-distributed item. It is sold a unit of cage and transported by ship. On the other hand, sea bream is sold in small amount in markets and transported by truck; so, the transportation cost is higher than yellow tail. Aquacultured sea bream has different product characteristics due to transport distance. We need to study live fish and fresh fish markets separately. Live fish was the original product form of aquacultured sea bream. Transportation of live fish has more constraints than the transportation of fresh fish. Death rate and distance are highly correlated. In addition, loading capacity of live fish is less than fresh fish. In the case of a 10 ton truck, live fish can only be loaded up to 1.5 tons. But, fresh fish which can be placed in a box can be loaded up to 5 to 6 tons. Because of this characteristics, live fish requires closer location to consumption area than fresh fish. In the consumption markets, the size of fresh fish is mainly 0.8 to 2kg.Live fish usually goes through auction, and quality is graded. Main purchaser comes from many small-sized restaurants, so a relatively small farmer and distributer can sell it. Aquacultured sea bream has been transacted as a fresh fish in GMS ,since 1993 when the price plummeted. Economies of scale works in case of fresh fish. The characteristics of fresh fish is as follows : As a large scale demander, General Merchandise Stores are the main purchasers of sea bream and the size of the fish is around 1.3kg. It mainly goes through negotiation. Aquacultured sea bream has been established as a representative food in General Merchandise Stores. GMS require stable and mass supply, consistent size, and low price. And Distribution of fresh fish is undertook by the large scale distributers, which can satisfy requirements of GMS. The market share in Tokyo Central Wholesale Market shows Mie Pref. is dominating in live fish. And Ehime Pref. is dominating in fresh fish. Ehime Pref. showed remarkable growth in 1990s. At present, the dealings of live fish is decreasing. However, the dealings of fresh fish is increasing in Tokyo Central Wholesale Market. The price of live fish is decreasing more than one of fresh fish. Even though Ehime Pref. has an ideal natural environment for sea bream aquaculture, its entry into sea bream aquaculture was late, because it was located at a further distance to consumers than the competing producing areas. However, Ehime Pref. became the number one producing areas through the sales of fresh fish in the 1990s. The production volume is almost 3 times the production volume of Mie Pref. which is the number two production area. More conversion from yellow tail aquaculture to sea bream aquaculture is taking place in Ehime Pref., because Kagosima Pref. has a better natural environment for yellow tail aquaculture. Transportation is worse than Mie Pref., but this region as a far-flung producing area makes up by increasing the business scale. Ehime Pref. increases the market share for fresh fish by creating demand from GMS. Ehime Pref. has developed market strategies such as a quick return at a small profit, a stable and mass supply and standardization in size. Ehime Pref. increases the market power by the capital of a large scale commission agent. Secondly Mie Pref. is close to markets and composed of small scale farmers. Mie Pref. switched to sea bream aquaculture early, because of the price decrease in aquacultured yellou tail and natural environmental problems. Mie Pref. had not changed until 1993 when the price of the sea bream plummeted. Because it had better natural environment and transportation. Mie Pref. has a suitable water temperature range required for sea bream aquaculture. However, the price of live sea bream continued to decline due to excessive production and economic recession. As a consequence, small scale farmers are faced with a market price below the average production cost in 1993. In such kind of situation, the small-sized and inefficient manager in Mie Pref. was obliged to withdraw from sea bream aquaculture. Kumamoto Pref. is located further from market sites and has an unsuitable nature environmental condition required for sea bream aquaculture. Although Kumamoto Pref. is trying to convert to the puffer fish aquaculture which requires different rearing techniques, aquaculture technique for puffer fish is not established yet.

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어업기술의 발전 측면에서 본 음식디미방과 규합총서 속의 어패류 이용 양상의 비교 연구 (A Comparative Study on the Changing Pattern of Fish and Shellfish Uses in ${\ulcorner}Eum-sik-di-mi-bang{\lrcorner}$ and ${\ulcorner}Gyu-hap-chong-seo{\lrcorner}$ in Sight of the Development of Fishing Technology)

  • 김희선
    • 한국식생활문화학회지
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    • 제19권3호
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    • pp.273-284
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    • 2004
  • This study is on the changing pattern of fish-and-shellfish uses during the last two thirds of Chosun period on the premise that they are influenced by development of fishing technology. With a literary approach, this paper researches how fish-and-shellfish production and consumption pattern changed, especially in relation to technological development of fisheries. First, we examine into the changes of fishery production. And next, we analyze the kind and cooking method of fish-and-shellfish in [Eum-sik-di-mi-bang](1670) and [Gyu-hap-chong-seo](1815). The analysis of two books revealed that there were significant differences in fish-and-shellfish uses. Because the two books were written with a gap of 145 years and the development of fishing technology and remarkable changes of fishery production affected on the fish-and-shellfish uses. Due to primitive fishing tools and skills, fresh-water and reverse-river-fish and shellfish had been caught in substantial amount until the middle ages of Chosun period. As a result, the availability of seafood were limited extremely even in the upper classes. These situations are evidenced by the analysis of [Eum-sik-di-mi-bang]. Only 12 kinds of fish-and-shellfish are described in [Eum-sik-di-mi-bang]. Most of the sesfoods is mollusc which is easy to catch. As for the salt-water fish, dried cod and dried herring were mentioned. Mullet, the reverse-water-fish, is used most frequently. Only one kind of 'Hoe', which needs extreme freshness, is described. This means that the use of fresh fish-and-shellfish was very limited to some kinds which could be caught near the village. As the netting fishery began to be developed in the 18th century, the production of some salt-water fishes, such as anchovy, shrimp, yellow corvina, pollack, and herring, had increased remarkably to make marine resources more available. Small fish, such as anchovy and shrimp were preserved as 'Jeot-gal' and sold nationwide. Therefore, 'Jeot-gal' and seafood could be used in Kimchi around this time and had a deep influence on the change of Kimchi in taste and nutrition. In [Gyu-hap-chong-seo], 33 kinds of fish-and-shellfish are described. Including cod and herring, 17 kinds of sea water fish and mollusc are mentioned. Some of these are consumed in fresh state, neither as dried nor as salted. Because the merchants promoted the transport of seafoods to other regions according to the growth of commercial economy. As a result the diet of the people could be enriched by the various seafoods.

동해안 참가리비, Patinopecten yessoensis의 성장 (Growth of the Scallop, Patinopecten yessoensis in Suspended Culture in the East Coast of Korea)

  • 박영제;노섬;이채성
    • 한국양식학회지
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    • 제14권3호
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    • pp.181-195
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    • 2001
  • 동해안의 주문진 연안에서 1991년 1월부터 1998년 12월까지 한해성 패류인 참가리비, Patinopecten yessoensis(Jay) 양식산업의 안정화와 지속적 생산을 위한 채롱식 본양성의 적정 서식환경조건, 이식시기 및 양성기간, 적정수용밀도와 성장, 양성 적수층, 상품출하시기 등에 관한 연구를 수행하였다. 북한한류의 영향을 받는 본 연구해역에서 참가리비의 주 양식수층인 15~30m 층의 수온은 4.7~21.4$^{\circ}C$로 참가리비의 서식에 적합한 5~23$^{\circ}C$ 범위였으나 표층은 4.9~25.7$^{\circ}C$로 서식수온을 벗어났다. 양식 적정수온을 보인 해는 1993년과 1996년이었고, 고수온을 보인 해는 1994년, 1997년, 1998년이었다 특히 고수온과 함께 일교차가 크고 불규칙한 변동이 지속되는 시기에 나타나는 성장저하 및 폐사 현상은 수온과도 일부 관련이 있는 것으로 추정된다. 수심 15m층에서 염분은 32.0~34.4$\textperthousand$, 용존산소는 4.14~8.11 ml/L로 생육에 비교적 적합하였다. Chlorophyll a의 농도는 0.06~2.73$\mu\textrm{g}$/L로 빈영양 해역의 특성을 보이고 있으며, 해에 따른 변동이 크고 특히, 현저히 감소하는 여름시기에 참가리비의 폐사가 일부 나타나는 것으로 보아 수온과 함께 참가리비의 성장을 지배하는 하나의 제한 요인임을 시사한다. 채롱식 수하양성에 의한 성장은 봄, 가을 연중 2회의 주 성장시기가 있었다. 봄 성장기는 3~5월로 이때의 수온은 8~13$^{\circ}C$였고, 가을 성장기는 10~12월로 11~17$^{\circ}C$였다. 반면, 저성장 시기도 연간 2회로 나타났는데, 성장이 늦은 겨울시기는 1~2월로 수온 7$^{\circ}C$ 이하였고, 여름철은 7~9월로 수온 18$^{\circ}C$ 이상일 때 느렸다. 일간 각고 성장량은 수용믹도 12개체에서 0.02~0.24mm/day였고, 전중량은 -0.07~0.90g/day였다. 전중량의 주된 증가 시기는 역시 연중 2회로, 봄 성장은 2월부터 증가되기 시작하여 산란 직전인 4월에 최고에 이르고, 가을 성장은 10~12월이었으며, 고수온기인 8~9월은 중량증가가 매우 낮았다. 채롱(lantern cages ø50x20cm)에 의한 적정 양성수용밀도는 각고 5~6cm 크기의 경우 10~15개체가 적합하였다. 수증별 성장은 15~20 m 수층에서 빨랐으며, 성장촉진과 폐사를 줄이기 위해서는 고수온이 지속되는 7~10월에는 20~30m수층으로 채롱을 내려 양성하고 그 외 시기에는 15 m층 내외가 좋은 것으로 나타났다. 상품으로 출하 가능한 크기 인 각고 10 cm이상, 전중량 140 g 내외로 성장시 키기까지는 채묘후 22개월이 소요되었고, 출하시기는 전중량 증가가 최대에 이르는 3월에서 4월 중순이 경제적일 것으로 판단된다.

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한국(韓國) 및 관련각국((關聯各國)의 다랑어 선망어업(旋網漁業) 발달과정(發達過程) (Development of Tuna Purse Seine Fishery in Korea and the Countries Concerned)

  • 현종수;이병기;김형석;예영희
    • 수산해양교육연구
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    • 제4권1호
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    • pp.30-46
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    • 1992
  • 한국(韓國)의 다랑어 선망어업기술(旋網漁業技術)은 한국(韓國)에서 발달한 대부분의 어업기술(漁業技術)이 일본(日本)을 거쳐서 도입된 것과는 달리 미국(美國)에서 직수입(直輸入)된 것이기는 하나 세부적으로는 일본(日本)의 기술을 응용한 것도 더러 있다. 따라서 한국(韓國)의 다랑어 선망어업(旋網漁業)의 발달과정(發達過程)을 규명하기 위해서는 미국(美國)과 일본(日本)에 있어서의 발달과정(發達過程)을 규명할 필요가 있으므로 여러 가지 문헌(文獻)과 집적된 자료(資料)들에 의하여 그것을 규명해 보았다. 미국(美國)에 있어서의 선망어법(旋網漁法)의 탄생은 1826년의 일이므로 그 역사는 165년이나 되었고, 초기에는 다른 어종과 함께 부산물(副産物)로서 잡아왔지만 1903년부터는 그것을 주목적으로 하는 어업(漁業)이 시작되었으므로 그 역사만 하더라도 90년 쯤 전의 일이다. 그러다가 2차대전(次大戰) 이후에 power block의 발명과 나일론 그물, 그리고 어선(漁船)과 장비(裝備)의 첨단적인 개량으로 오늘날과 같은 대형선망조업(大形旋網조業)이 가능하게 되었다. 그러나 그 후 미국선망어선(美國旋網漁船)들은 돌고래 보호를 위한 규제 때문에 동부태평양(東部太平洋)에서는 조업이 불가능하게 되었고, 또 고임금(高賃金), 노동력부족(勞動力不足) 등으로 채산(採算)을 맞추지 못해 선단수(船團數)는 1980년에 비해 1/3가량 줄어든 상태이다. 일본(日本)은 일찍부터 일본(日本) 북서태평양연안(北西太平洋沿岸)에서 연승(延繩)과 소형선망(小型旋網)으로써 다랑어를 어획(漁獲)하여 왔으며, 2차대전(次大戰)이후 독자적으로 과거의 선망어법(旋網漁法)을 다랑어용으로 개량하는 한편 1948년부터 미국식선망어법(美國式旋網漁法)을 도입하여 해외(海外) 다랑어 어장(漁場) 개발에 많은 노력을 기울였다. 특히 정부출자기관(政府出資機關)인 일본해양자원개발(日本海洋資源開發) 센터 (JAMARC)의 태평양(太平洋) 해역에서의 시험탐사(試驗探査)는 높이 평가할 만 하며, 또한 일본연승어선(日本延繩漁船)들의 활발한 해외조업(海外操業)과 어장정보교환(漁場情報交換)은 선망어업(旋網漁業)의 발전에 많은 도움을 주어 왔다. 미국(美國)과 일본(日本)의 선망선(旋網船)은 어선(漁船)의 크기, 조업형태(操業形態), 운영형식(運營形式) 등이 각기 다르며 장단점이 있다. 특히 일본어선(日本漁船)은 미국어선(美國漁船)에 비하여 선체가 작고 더러는 쌍두리 조업을 하고 있으며, 망지(網地)는 미국어선(美國漁船)이 땋은 실 nylon(braided twine)으로 된 결절망지(結節網地)를 쓰는 데 비하여 무결절망지(無結節網地)를 쓴다. 한국(韓國)은 1970년대(年代)에 미국(美國)으로부터 직접 이 어선(漁法)을 도입하였고, 어선(漁船)과 장비(裝備), 조업방법(操業方法)도 전적으로 미국식(美國式)이다. 한국(韓國)의 선망어법(旋網漁法)은 10년 이상의 실패 끝에 1986년부터 정상 궤도에 오르기 시작했고, 1997년 현재 총 37척이 Gua과 Samoa를 기지(基地)로 하여 모두 남서태평양(南西太平洋)에서 조업하고 있으며 성적도 좋은 편이다. 다만, 이제는 독자적인 연구가 필요하며, 태평양도서국(太平洋島嶼國)에의 입어문제(入漁問題)와 어자원보호(魚資源保護) 측면에서의 연안국(沿岸國)의 조업제제(操業規制) 움직임에 대해서도 대비할 필요가 있는 것으로 판단된다.

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수경재배 유출 배액(폐양액)의 비료 손실량 평가 연구 (A Study on the Evaluation of Fertilizer Loss in the Drainage(Waste) Water of Hydroponic Cultivation, Korea)

  • 손진관;윤성욱;권진경;신지훈;강동현;박민정;임류갑
    • 한국습지학회지
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    • 제25권1호
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    • pp.35-47
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    • 2023
  • 한국 시설원예 농업과 수경(양액)재배 방식은 증가하는 추세로 발생되는 배액(폐양액)의 관리 필요성이 확대되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 배출되는 폐양액의 비료 성분 양을 가격으로 평가하여 수처리비용 절감과 비료성분 재활용이라는 두가지 측면에서 기술개발과 활용 가능성을 알아보았다. 연구는 배출 배액의 수질환경 특성을 분석한 선행연구에서 제시한 분석결과를 바탕으로 비료성분의 유실 경제성을 평가하는 것으로 배출되는 배액의 총 배출량은 연간 259.7L·m2·-1을 적용하여 분석에 사용하였다. 토마토, 파프리카, 오이, 딸기 등 작물별 배액(폐양액)의 주요 수질 분석 결과를 바탕으로 평가하였으며, 인(P) 성분의 경우 인산(P2O5)의 양으로 환산하여 분석되었다. 질소(N)의 양은 토마토 1145.90kg·ha-1, 파프리카 920.43kg·ha-1, 오이 804.16kg·ha-1, 딸기가 405.83kg·ha-1로 평가되고 P2O5의 비료성분은 파프리카 830.65kg·ha-1, 토마토 622.32kg·ha-1, 오이 477.67kg·ha-1, 딸기 240.9·ha-1의 양만큼 배출하는 것으로 계산할 수 있다. 이 외에도 칼륨(K), 칼슘(Ca), 마그네슘(Mg)을 비롯해 철(Fe), 망간(Mn) 등 미량원소도 배출되는 것으로 분석되었다. 시중판매 비료가격을 기준으로 평균하여 계산한 항목별 kg당 가격은 질소(N) 860.7원, 인(P) 2,378.2원, 칼륨(K) 2,121.7원, 칼슘(Ca) 981.2원, 마그네슘(Mg) 1,036.3원, 철(Fe) 126,076.9원, 망간(Mn) 6,232.1원, 아연(Zn) 15,825.0원, 구리(Cu) 31,362.0원, 붕소(B) 4,238.0원, 몰리브덴(Mo) 149,041.7원으로 평가할 수 있다. 시중판매 비료가격을 기준으로 평균하여 계산한 항목별 kg당 가격과 앞서 분석한 작물별 폐양액의 농도, 수경재배의 평균적인 연간배출량 등을 종합적으로 고려하여 연간 유실되는 작물별 비료 유실액을 산출하였다. 분석결과 토마토의 경우 6,995,622.3원, 파프리카는 7,384,923.8원, 오이는 5,091,607.9원의, 딸기는 2,429,290.6원으로 평가되어 수경재배 4가지 작물 평균은 1ha 재배면적 기준 5,475,361.1원의 비료성분 유실이 확인되었다. 수경재배 배액을 하천으로 유출시켜 오염원으로 처리하는것 보다 배출 전 자체 처리 또는 타작물 활용을 통해 관리한다면 수처리 비용 절감과 더불어 가치있는 재이용 가능한 비료성분이 될 수 있다고 기대하였다.