• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.175-185
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• 2015

Jack-up type WTIV(Wind Turbine Installation Vessel) is used to avoid the effects of waves when installing wind turbines in the Southwest Sea of South Korea. During the preloading procedure, unexpected penetration may cause some risks such as excessive penetration or punch-through failure. To ensure the safety of the WTIV during preloading, the bearing capacities should be evaluated based on the soil data at each borehole. Eight boreholes (OW-1 to -8) have been drilled in the Southwest Sea of South Korea. The bearing capacities of a spudcan designed to be used in this district are calculated using both a conventional analysis and finite element analysis with the soil properties of OW-1 to -8. A finite element analysis is carried out for OW-1, -3, and -4 to gain an in-depth understanding of the soil behavior during the penetration. OW-1, -3, and -4 are representative boreholes for a strong layer overlying a soft layer, a general soft layer, and a soft layer overlying a strong layer, respectively. The resultant bearing capacity curves versus the depth of the numerical analysis are compared with the conventional method. The results show that the conventional analysis is conservative. Case studies for different spudcan areas and shapes are also conducted to seek an appropriate spudcan type for the Southwest Sea of South Korea. Finally, a spudcan with a rectangular shape and a bearing area of $112.8m^2$ is selected.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 1999년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.447-454
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• 1999

The compressive capacity and the soil plugging resistance of single open-ended pipe pile were completely decreased in the previous study on the behavior of shorter single pile during simulated seaquake induced by the vertical component of earthquake. But the capacity of single open-ended pipe pile with greater penetration and the capacity of piles group with shorter penetration were expected to be stable after seaquake motion. In this study, first, 2-piles or 4-piles are driven into the calibration chamber included in saturated fine medium sand with several simulated penetrations, and the compressive load test for each piles group was performed. Then, about 95 % compressive load of the ultimate capacity was applied on the pile head during the simulated seaquake motion. Finally, In confirm the reduction of pile capacity during the simulated seaquake motion, the compressive load test for each single pile or piles group after seaquake motion was performed. During the simulated seaquake, the compressive capacity of open-ended pipe piles with greater penetration ( 〉about 27 m) was not degraded even in deep sea deeper than 220 m and soil plug within open-ended pipe pile installed in deep sea was stable after seaquake motion. Also, in the case of 2-piles or 4-pile groups, the compressive capacity after seaquake motion was not degraded at all regardless of pile penetration depth beneath seabed, sea water depth and seaquake frequency.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.385-400
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• 2016

Bearing capacity of open-ended piles depends largely on inner frictional resistance, which is influenced by the degree of soil plugging. While a fully-plugged open-ended pile produces a bearing capacity similar to a closed-ended pile, fully coring (or unplugged) pile produces a much smaller bearing capacity. In general, open-ended piles are driven under partially-plugged mode. The formation of soil plug may depend on many factors, including wall thickness at the pile tip (or inner pile diameter), sleeve height of the thickened wall at the pile tip and relative density. In this paper, we studied the effects of wall thickness at the pile base and sleeve height of the thickened wall at the pile tip on bearing capacity using laboratory model tests. The tests were conducted on a medium dense sandy ground. The model piles with different tip thicknesses and sleeve heights of thickened wall at the pile tip were tested. The results were also discussed using the incremental filling ratio and plug length ratio, which are generally used to describe the degree of soil plugging. The results showed that the bearing capacity increases with tip thickness. The bearing capacity of piles of smaller sleeve length (e.g., ${\leq}1D$; D is pile outer diameter) was found to be dependent on the sleeve length, while it is independent on the sleeve length of greater than a 1D length. We also found that the soil plug height is dependent on wall thickness at the pile base. The results on the incremental filling ratio revealed that the thinner walled piles produce higher degree of soil plugging at greater penetration depths. The results also revealed that the soil plug height is dependent on sleeve length of up to 2D length and independent beyond a 2D length. The piles of a smaller sleeve length (e.g., ${\leq}1D$) produce higher degree of soil plugging at shallow penetration depths while the piles of a larger sleeve length (e.g., ${\geq}2D$) produce higher degree of soil plugging at greater penetration depths.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2014년도 춘계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.230-231
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• 2014

This study is concerned with the root penetration resistance competence and constructability of a waterproofing and root penetration resistance layer of an eco-bridge which is applied with various types of seeding. For the review of root penetration resistance competence, the competence was tested using herbs, woody plants, and tall trees. As a result, there was no tear of or damage to the waterproofing and root penetration resistance layer as well as the sweeping-down phenomenon of a waterproofing and root penetration resistance layer by soil. Also, the effect of the root growth of herbs, woody plants, and tall trees on the root penetration resistance system was confirmed.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.25-35
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• 2015

서남해안 지역의 중간조밀한 실트질모래 지반에서 버켓기초 스커트벽체의 압입저항력을 원심모형실험을 통하여 분석하였다. 압입저항력은 석션을 작용하지 않고 버켓기초를 지반에 관입시킬 때 발생하는 저항력으로서 자중관입 깊이와 직접적으로 관계된다. 스커트벽체의 주면저항력에 의한 지반의 응력증가 효과를 고려하는 방법(Houlsby and Byrne, 2005) 을 기반으로 실험 결과와 유사한 압입저항력을 산정할 수 있었다. 압입저항력 산정에 이용되는 수평토압계수, 스커트 벽체와 지반간의 경계면 마찰각 등의 주요 물성값의 산정 방법에 대하여 기술하였다. 또한, 응력증가 효과의 고려 여부와 물성값의 변화가 압입저항력 산정 결과에 미치는 영향과 실험을 통해 계측된 압입시 지반거동에 대하여 분석하였다.

• Journal of Ship and Ocean Technology
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.35-47
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• 1997

The consequences associated with ships running aground depend very much on the soil characteristics of the sea bed and the geometrical shape of the ship bow. The penetration into the sea bed depends on these factors and the penetration is an important factor for the ship motion because it influences the ship heave and pitch motions as well as the friction between the ship and the soil. In this paper a rational calculation model is presented for the sea bed soil reaction forces on the ship bottom. The model is based on the assumption that the penetration of the ship bow generates a flow of pore water through the grain skeleton of the soil. The flow is governed by Darcy\`s law and it is driven by the pressure of the pore water at the bow. In addition to this pore water pressure, the bow is subjected to the effective stresses in the grain skeleton at the bow surface. These stresses are determined by the theory of frictional soils in rupture. Frictional stresses on the bow surface are assumed to be related to the normal pressure by a simple Coulomb relation. The total soil reaction as a function of velocity and penetration is found by integration of normal pressure and frictional stresses over the surface of the bow. The analysis procedure is implemented in a computer program for time domain rigid body analysis of ships running aground and it is verified in the paper through a comparison of calculated stopping lengths, effective coefficients of friction, and sea bed penetrations with corresponding experimental results obtained by model tests as well as large, scale tests.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.699-717
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• 2016

본 연구는 시설하우스 재배에서 앞그루작물 재배 시 형성된 두둑을 재활용하여 뒷그루 작물을 무경운으로 재배할 경우 토양의 이화학성과 생육 및 수량에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 추진한 연구 결과의 일부이다. 중동통(jd)의 두둑에서 토양 균열은 관찰되었으나 고랑에서는 관찰되지 않았다. 관행 경운 토양 두둑의 길이 방향으로 경운 5개월 후에 최대 폭 30 mm, 최대 깊이 15.3 cm, 길이 37~51 cm 정도 되는 균열이 3개 정도 발생되었다. 그리고 두둑의 폭 방향에서는 길이 7~28 cm 정도 되는 균열이 7.5개 정도 발생되었다. 무경운 1년차는 두둑의 길이 방향에서 최대 폭 18 mm, 최대 깊이는 30 cm, 길이는 140~200 cm 정도 되는 균열이 1개 정도 발생되었으며, 두둑 폭 방향의 균열은 최대 폭 22 mm, 최대 깊이는 18.5 cm에 길이는 6~22 cm 정도 되는 균열이 11개 정도 발생되었다. 한편 모래함량이 많은 중동통(jd)의 무경운 2년차 토양에서 균열은 관찰되지 않았으나, 점토함량이 많은 지산통(jd) 무경운 7년차 토양에서는 균열이 관찰되었다. 중동통(jd) 시설재배의 미사질양토의 관행 경운토양 표토 1 cm 깊이의 관입저항은 59 kPa에 비하여 무경운 1년차는 유의적으로 높았다. 경운 토양 20 cm 깊이의 관입저항은 161~185 kPa 수준이었고 36~39 cm 깊이의 관입저항 503~507 kPa을 정점으로 감소되었다. 무경운 1년차 토양 관입저항은 5~30 cm 깊이까지 167~172 kPa을 유지하였으나, 43 cm 깊이에서 437 kPa를 최대값으로 감소되었다. 무경운 2년차 표토의 관입저항은 1 cm 깊이의 81 kPa에서 6 cm 깊이는 243 kPa로 직선적인 증가를 하였다. 논에서 전환한 지산통(ji) 시설 재배지의 관행 경운 토양 관입저항은 표토 1 cm 깊이로부터 52 cm 깊이까지 토양이 깊어짐에 따라서 직선적인 증가를 하였으나, 그 이상의 깊이에서는 증가되지 않았다. 그러나 두둑을 재활용한 무경운 7년차 토양의 표토 1 cm와 2 cm 깊이의 관입저항은 직선적인 증가를 보여 경운 토양에 비하여 현저하게 증가되었으나, 그 이상의 깊이에서는 거의 변동이 없었다. 지산통(ji)과 중동통(jd)의 쟁기 바닥층은 표토에서 10~12 cm 깊이, 작토층은 21 cm 깊이까지로 추정되었다. 그러나 지산통(ji)의 경운 토양의 경반층은 33~35 cm 깊이로 추정되었으나 무경운 7년차는 경반층이 토양 38~44 cm 깊이에서 흔적으로만 존재하였다. 표토의 수분함량은 관행 경운 토양과 두둑을 재활용한 무경운 토양에서 경운 방법 간에 차이가 없었으나, 20 cm 깊이의 무경운 토양 수분함량은 14%로 경운 토양 25%에 비하여 현저하게 낮았다. 1 Bar와 15 Bar에서 측정한 표토의 보수력은 관행 경운토양 비하여 두둑을 재활용한 무경운 1년차와 무경운 2년차에서 증가되었다. 그리고 무경운 2년차 심토의 보수력은 1 Bar와 3 Bar에서 경운 토양과 무경운 1년차에 비하여 증가되는 경향이었다.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2004년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2004
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• pp.174-177
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• 2004

Differential interferometric phases from JERS-1 L­band data sets show spatial variation of path-length ranging from a few mm to several cm. The variation may be caused by changes in soil moisture contents, i.e. variation of penetration depth and the swelling of soils. Although the amount of total effect caused by soil moisture is not measurable, it is clear that the soil moisture according to precipitation is another factor to be considered in DInSAR analysis. We also discuss DInSAR characteristics in a rice paddy according to irrigation conditions, and discrimination of hydrological features such as stream channels and watershed boundaries by applying DInSAR technique.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.107-113
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• 2010

This paper presents the prediction of shear strength of oil contaminated clay using fall cone test used to determine the liquid limit of soil. The penetration depth of fall cone is related to water content of soil. Laboratory vane shear can also be related to water content. To explore the relative correlation between penetration depth of fall cone and laboratory vane shear, both fall cone tests and laboratory vane shear test were carried out with water contents of soil. The developed empirical relationships in this studys showed that the shear strength is reduced to 3.9% with 1% increase of oil content. And, the lesser initial water content of contaminated clay, the more shear strength of contaminated clay is affected by oil content.

• 지질공학
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.143-152
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• 2016

토석류 지반의 안정성은 일반적으로 표토층의 중량, 점착력, 사면의 각도 그리고 내부 마찰각 등의 물성치를 통해서 예측된다. 그 중 표토층의 중량은 표토층 깊이와 단위중량으로 추정할 수 있으며, 이때 광범위한 지역에서 표토층 깊이를 예측하는 것이 선행적으로 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 탄성파 탐사를 통해 표토층 깊이를 추정하고자 하였으며, 표토층 깊이를 예측할 수 있는 속도 범위 결정방법도 함께 제시하고자 하였다. 대상지역은 세종시 인근의 토석류 발생지역으로 전체적인 표토층 깊이를 예측하기 위하여 총 4개의 측선에서 속도 분포를 관찰하였다. 또한 토석류 위험 지역에서의 표토층 깊이를 알기 위하여 동적 콘관입(dynamic cone penetration) 시험도 함께 실시하였으며, 총 18개의 원위치 시험을 수행하였다. 탄성파 탐사 결과 대상지역은 총 3~4개의 지층으로 구성되어 있으며, 기존의 속도값을 통해 표피심도를 예측하였다. 기존 속도 기준 값으로 예측된 결과는 DCP 결과와 큰 차이를 보였으며, 차이를 감소시키고 신뢰성을 높이기 위해 새로운 속도 기준값을 제시하였다. 이와 같은 결과는 표피심도를 예측하기 위하여 기존 기준 값을 현장 조건에 맞게 조절해야 함을 암시하며, 추가적인 실험으로 더욱 정밀한 기준값을 제시할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.