• Title/Summary/Keyword: soil incorporation

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Effects of Liquid Pig Manuare Application Method on the Chemical Properties of Paddy Soil and Growth of Paddy Rice (돈분액비 시용법이 논토양의 이화학적 특성과 벼 생육 및 수확량에 미치는 영향)

  • Ahn, Chang Hyun;Kim, Woo Sik;Park, Jee Sung;Ahn, In
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.45 no.6
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    • pp.1043-1048
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    • 2012
  • We have researched the changes of paddy soil properties and rice yield by several different methods to treated with liquid pig manure(LPM). In the execution of this experiment, rice was cultivated to full maturity at a paddy field in Jeollabuk-do in 2011. Field experiment was designed with surface application on dry field condition+jet hose spray(Tr. 1), surface application on dry field condition+incorporation with irrigation water(Tr. 2), surface application on dry field condition+application device of fertilizer through irrigation(Tr. 3), submerged application on irrigated field condition+jet hose spray(Tr. 4), submerged application on irrigated field condition+incorporation with irrigation water(Tr. 5) and submerged application on irrigated field condition+application device of fertilizer through irrigation(Tr. 6) plot. Total N, P, K contents in used LPM were 0.44%, 0.07% and 0.14%, respectively. After the experiment, soil properties were not significant difference both several treated plots. But $NO_3$ and $NH_4$ contents at incorporation with irrigation water plots in paddy soil were higher than other plots. The yield was 602 kg $10a^{-1}$ in Tr. 2 plot compared Tr. 6 plot, which showed a value of 9.6% higher.

Effect of Sesbania Incorporation as Nitrogen Source on Growth and Yield of Whole Crop Barley and Reduction of N Fertilizer in Saemangeum Reclaimed Tidal Land

  • Lee, Su-Hwan;Bae, Hui-Su;Oh, Yang-Yeol;Lee, Sang-Hun;Kim, Yeong-Joo;Kim, Sun;Ryu, Jin-Hee;Jung, Kang-Ho;Lee, Choong-Geun;Kim, Jae-Hyeon;Kim, Yeong-Doo;Choi, Weon-Young;Cho, Jae-Yeong;Lee, Kyoung-Bo;Lee, Keon-Hui;Park, Ki-Do
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.49 no.6
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    • pp.751-759
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    • 2016
  • It is known that the poor soil fertility of newly reclaimed saline soils is due to the lack of organic matter and available mineral nutrients for crop production. The effect of green manuring with Sesbania aculeata in combination with five rates of urea-N treatments (N0. N25, N50, N75, N100) on the productivity of a subsequent whole-crop barley and the fertility of the reclaimed saline soil in Saemangeum was evaluated in the field during 2013-2014 growing season. Sesbania was grown during summer season (June to October). The amount of Sesbania incorporated was $16.2Mg\;ha^{-1}$. Sesbania contributed to $393kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$ to the soils when ploughed down and incorporated before whole-crop barley cultivated. The performances of whole-crop barley following sesbania incorporation were significantly affected by a combination of Sesbania manuring and different N rates. The N fertilizer equivalence without N fertilizer following Sesbania was 42.6% ($63.9kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$), compared with N100 ($150kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$) in fallow soils. The whole-crop barley yield responded to N fertilizer rates in both sesbania-amended and fallow soil. The yield response to nitrogen rates in fallow soil was linear (Y=0.0586X+3.3011, $R^2=0.9534$), whereas that in sesbania-amended soils was quadratic (Y= -0.001X2+0.1322X+5.7143, $R^2=0.9576$). The yield of whole-crop barley in sesbania-amended with increasing N rates was increased up to SN75 (115 kgN) $10.3Mg\;ha^{-1}$. Apparent N recovery (ANR) of whole-crop barely showed decreased with sesbania plus increasing rates of N fertilizer. Despite higher yield with sesbania manuring plus increasing N rates, the contributions of N from Sesbania with increasing N rates to whole-crop barley were decreased, whereas those from fertilizer increment due to excessively mineralized Nitrogen. Considering yield, ANR, N contribution from Sesbania and nitrogen fertilizer, the optimum N rate was N50 rate following sesbania incorporation.

Effect of Green Manure Incorporation and Solarization on Root Rot Disease of 3-year-old Ginseng in Soil of Continuous Cropping Ginseng (녹비작물 토양환원과 태양열 소독에 의한 3년생 인삼의 뿌리썩음병 억제효과)

  • Seo, Mun Won;Lee, Sung Woo;Lee, Seung Ho;Jang, In Bok;Heo, Hye Ji
    • Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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    • v.27 no.4
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    • pp.284-291
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    • 2019
  • Background: Ginseng root rot disease, caused by Cylindrocarpon destructans and Fusarium solani is a major cause of replant failure in continuous cropping ginseng. Methods and Results: To control replant injury in soil infected with C. destructans and F. solani, biosolarization was performed by covering the plot with transparent polyethylene film after adding green manure of maize and sunflower for the summer season. Per 10 a, fresh and dry weight of maize was 10.1 and 2.5 tons, respectively, and that of sunflower was 8.1 tons and 1.2 tons, respectively. Mean maximum temperature at 20 cm depth was $33.2^{\circ}C$, $41.5^{\circ}C$ and $41.8^{\circ}C$ in the control, maize-incorporated and sunflower-incorporated plots, respectively. The elapsed time over $40^{\circ}C$ was 36.4 h in the maize-incorporated plot and 77.3 h in the sunflower-incorporated plot. Biosolarization increased $NO_3$ content in soil, while content of organic matter, Ca, and Mg was decreased. Electrical conductivity, $NO_3$ and $P_2O_5$ in soil significantly increased after two years of biosolarization. The number of spores of C. destructans in soil was significantly decreased by biosolarization, and sunflower treatment was more effective than maize treatment in decreasing the number of spores. Root yield of 3-year-old ginseng was significantly increased by biosolarization, however, there was no significant difference between maize and sunflower treatments. Rate of root rot in 3-year-old ginseng decreased to 16.5% with the incorporation maize and 5.0% with the incorporation of sunflower, while that in control 25.6%. Conclusions: Biosolarization was effective in inhibiting ginseng root rot by decreasing the density of root rot disease and improving soil chemical properties.

Effects of Green Manure Crops on Growth and Yield of Carrot for Reduction of Continuous Cropping Injury of Carrot through Crop Rotation (당근 연작장해 경감을 위한 녹비작물 재배가 당근 생육 및 수량에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Seong-Heon;Seo, Dong-Cheol;Park, Jong-Hwan;Lee, Seong-Tae;Lee, Sang-Won;Kim, Hong-Chul;Cho, Ju-Sik;Heo, Jong-Soo
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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    • v.32 no.4
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    • pp.279-286
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    • 2013
  • BACKGROUND: Soil incorporation of green manure crop(GMC) is one of the methods for reducing continuous cropping injury and increasing yield of carrot. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of green manure crops on growth and yield of carrot for reduction of continuous cropping injury of carrot through crop rotation. METHODS AND RESULTS: To reduce the injury by continuous cropping system(CCS) of carrot cultivation, GMCs such as crotalaria and sudangrass were applied, which GMC was sowed in latter-June and returned to soil in latter-October. Nutrient contributions of N, $P_2O_5$, $K_2O$, CaO, and MgO in crotalaria were 8.3, 7.5, 4.4, 7.8, and 2.1 kg/10a, respectively. Nutrient contributions of N, $P_2O_5$, $K_2O$, CaO, and MgO in sudangrass were 8.4, 8.6, 26.8, 0.3, and 2.7 kg/10a, respectively. After incorporation of GMCs into soil, bulk density in soil with GMCs was lower than that in soil without GMCs(control). In soil after incorporation of GMCs, pH was not different in all treatment conditions, and ranged from 6.37~6.64. EC in soil after incorporation of GMCs was lower than that in soil without GMCs. The OM, T-N, and avail. $P_2O_5$ contents in soil with GMCs were higher than those in soil without GMCs. The growth and yields were increased as 39.2%(6,226 kg/10a) in the rotational cropping system(RCS) as compared to continuous cropping system(control and without NPK) of 4,473 kg/10a. Crotalaria cultivation were the most effective crop for reducing the injury of continuous cropping of carrot. CONCLUSION(S): This study suggest that the RCS using GMCs showed lower disease outbreak density in soil for carrot cultivation as compared to CCS without GMCs. Especially, the GMCs good effect for reduction of continuous cropping injury of carrot.

Effect of Incorporation Times of Green Barley and Hairy Vetch on Rice Yield in Paddy Soil with Liquid Pig Manure (돈분액비를 시용한 녹비보리 및 헤어리베치의 혼입시기가 벼 수량에 미치는 영향)

  • Kang, Se-Won;Seo, Dong-Cheol;Lee, Sang-Gyu;Seo, Young-Jin;Park, Ju-Wang;Ryu, Jin-Hee;Kim, Min-Tae;Kang, Hang-Won;Heo, Jong-Soo;Cho, Ju-Sik
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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    • v.32 no.4
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    • pp.287-293
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    • 2013
  • BACKGROUND: Soil incorporation of green manure crop(GMC) and liquid pig manure(LPM) is one of the methods for reduction of chemical fertilizer and the increase of crop yield. The objective of this study was to select optimal incorporation time of GMCs on growth and nutrient property in paddy soil treated LPM. METHODS AND RESULTS: The kinds of GMCs were Hordeum vulgare L.(green barley, GB) and Vicia villosa roth(hairy vetch, HV). The effects of GMCs on rice yield were investigated under different incorporation times of GMCs(LPM1: at 25 days before rice transplantation, LPM2: at 18 days before rice transplantation, LPM3: at 11 days before rice transplantation). In GB treatments, the biomass was greater in the order of $$LPM3{\geq_-}LPM2{\geq_-}LPM1$$. Contents of N, P and K ranged 1.21~1.28, 0.36~0.38 and 1.41~1.45%, respectively, regardless of incorporation times. The amounts of nutrient supply in GB treatments were higher in LPM1 than those in other treatment conditions. In GB treatments, rice yields in LPM1, LPM2 and LPM3 were 523, 525 and 526(increasing yield 3% than control) kg/10a, respectively. In HV treatments, the amounts of nutrient supply were higher in the order of $$LPM3{\geq_-}LPM2{\geq_-}LPM1$$. Rice yields were 530 kg/10a for LPM1, 531 kg/10a for LPM2, 535 (increasing yield 5% than control) kg/10a for LPM3 in HV treatments, respectively. CONCLUSION(s): The optimum incorporation time of green barley and hairy vetch was at 11 days before rice transplantation(LPM3) in paddy soil with liquid pig manure.

Effect of arbitrarily manipulated gap-graded granular particles on reinforcing foundation soil

  • Xin, Zhen H.;Moon, Jun H.;Kim, Li S.;Kim, Kab B.;Kim, Young U.
    • Geomechanics and Engineering
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    • v.17 no.5
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    • pp.439-444
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    • 2019
  • It is generally known that high strength soil is indicative of well-graded particle size distribution. However, there are some special cases of firm ground despite poor grade distribution, especially a specific gap-graded soil. Based on these discoveries, this study investigated the development of an additive of gap-graded soils designed to increase soil strength. This theoretical concept was used to calculate the mixed ratio required for optimal soil strength of the ground sample. The gap-graded aggregate was added according to Plato's polyhedral theory and subsequently calculated ratio and soil strength characteristics were then compared to characteristics of the original soil sample through various test results. In addition, the underground stress transfer rate was measured according to the test conditions. The test results showed that the ground settlement and stress limit thickness were reduced with the incorporation of gap-graded soil. Further field tests would confirm the reproducibility and reliability of the technology by using gap-graded soil to reinforce soft ground of a new construction site. Gap-graded soil has the potential to reduce the construction cost and time of construction compared to other reinforcing methods.

Improvement of Physicochemical Properties and Turfgrass Growth by Root Zone Mixture of Soil Amendment 'Profile' (토양개량제 '프로파일'의 혼합에 따른 토양의 물리화학성 및 한지형 잔디의 생육 개선)

  • Kim, Young-Sun;Lim, Hye-Jung;Ham, Soun-Kyu;Lee, Geung-Joo
    • Weed & Turfgrass Science
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    • v.6 no.3
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    • pp.262-271
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    • 2017
  • This study was conducted to evaluate incorporation ratio of soil amendment 'Profile' to improve soil physicochemical properties and turfgrass growth. The soil amendment was added 0 (sand only), 3, 5, 7, and 10% to USGA Green-spec green sand soil. As incorporated with more 'Profile' amendment, soil electrical conductivity (EC), cation exchangeable capacity (CEC), capillary porosity and total porosity of root zone were increased than those of control, while bulk density and hydraulic conductivity decreased. Turfgrass index and clipping yield of creeping bentgrass grown in sand soil incorporated with 7% 'Profile' were improved than those of control. Correlation coefficient of turf color index and incorporation ratio of the soil amendment 'Profile' was found to show significantly positive correlation. These results indicated that application of the soil amendment 'Profile' to sand soil in golf course green improved turfgrass growth and quality by increasing CEC and porosity of root zone.

Effects of Organic Materials on Soil Chemical Properties (유기물(有機物)의 시용(施用)이 토양(土壤)의 화학적(化學的) 성질(性質)에 미치는 영향(影響))

  • Oh, Wang-Keun
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.11 no.3
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    • pp.161-174
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    • 1979
  • A review was made on the effect of organic matter application on the chemical characteristics of soils such as pH, solubilities of minerals, and cation exchange capacity mainly at flooded rice soils. The review can be summarized as follows: 1. Application of organic material such as rice straw and compost in flooded rice soil leads to a temporary lowering of soil pH at the earlier stage of soil reduction, due to the production of various organic acids and carbonic acid. This temporary lowered pH is replaced with the production of alkaline substances such as ammonia as the reduction of soil proceeds. 2. Incorporation of organic materials intensifies the ferrous iron, dissolving various minerals, virtually to the increase in electrical conductivity of soils. 3. Organic materials also play an important role in dissolving soil minerals through the production of various chelating agents. 4. Application of soil organic matter significantly increases cation exchange capacity of soils. 5. Continuous application of rice straw or compost leads to the increase in soil organic matter content to some extent, up to the level of equilibrium. In soils low in organic matter the equilibrium level is attained with five years continuous application of compost. 6. The manner of chemical fertilizer application influences the accumulation of organic matter applied in soils. Low levels of fertilization lowers the accumulation while high levels of fertilization accerelates the accumulation.

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Assessment of methane emission with application of rice straw in a paddy field

  • Choi, Eun Jung;Jeong, Hyun Cheol;Kim, Gun Yeob;Lee, Sun Il;Gwon, Hyo Suk;Lee, Jong Sik;Oh, Taek Keun
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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    • v.46 no.4
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    • pp.857-868
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    • 2019
  • A flooded rice field is one of the significant sources of anthropogenic methane (CH4) with the intensity of the emissions dependent on management practices. Incorporation of rice straw, which is one of the organic amendments, induces the increase of methane emissions during the flooding season. In this study, we measured of methane emission according to applications of rice straw in different soil textures during a cultivation period in 2017 and 2018. The fallow treatments were non application of rice straw (NA), spring plowing after spring spreading of rice straw (SPSA), spring plowing after previous autumn spreading of rice straw (SPAA), and autumn plowing after previous autumn spreading of rice straw (APAA). The SPSA treatment emitted the highest total methane from loam soil in both 2017 (596.7 CH4 kg ha-1) and 2018 (795.4 CH4 kg ha-1). The same trend was observed in silt clay loam soil; the SPSA treatment still emitted the highest amount of methane in both 2017 (845.9 CH4 kg ha-1) and 2018 (1,071.7 CH4 kg ha-1). The lowest emission among the rice straw incorporated plots came from the APAA treatment for both soil texture types in all the seasons. The conversion factors of the SPAA were 0.79 and 0.65 from the loam and silt clay loam soils, respectively. Relatedly, the conversion factors of the APAA were 0.71 and 0.43 from the loam and silt clay loam soils, respectively. The above observations mean therefore that incorporation of rice straw early in the fallow reduces methane emissions in the main rice growing season.

Changes of Hairy vetch Biomass by Different Seeding Methods and Rice Growth and Soil Physicochemical Properties by Its Incorporation in Paddy

  • Jeon, Weon-Tai;Ryu, Jin-Hee;Seong, Ki-Yeong;Kim, Min-Tae;Kang, Hang-Won;Lee, Jae-Eun;Jung, Chan-Sik;Kim, Wook-Han
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.46 no.4
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    • pp.270-275
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    • 2013
  • Hairy vetch can fix nitrogen from the atmosphere as a leguminous cover crop. This research was carried out to determine optimum seeding method of hairy vetch and application effect in paddy. Field experiment was conducted at Sinheung series (fine loamy, mixed, nonacid, mesic family of Fluvaquentic Endoaquepts) from Sep. 2011 to Oct. 2012 at the National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), RDA, Suwon, Gyeonggi province, Korea. Hairy vetch used in the study was 'Cheongpyungbora', developed by National Institute of Crop Science. Seeding methods of hairy vetch consisted of Broadcasting Before Rice Harvesting (BBRH), Partial Tillage Seeding (PTS), Minimum Tillage Seeding (MTS), No Tillage Seeding (NTS), and Drill Seeding (DS). Both MTS and NTS showed the highest biomass among the seeding methods. The rice yield of MTS and NTS significantly increased compared to conventional fertilization (CF). Also soil properties including organic matter and bulk density were improved by incorporation of hairy vetch. Therefore, we suggested that MTS and NTS could be used to produce hairy vetch and rice in paddy.