• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.174-179
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• 2007

Although the relationship between fermentation and factors such as soil water, redox potential, rootstocks and climatic conditions has been reported, its mechanism of fermentation is still not clear. Transpirations of leaf and fruit at different climatic conditions, influence of soil water potential and atmospheric vapor pressure deficit (VPD) on fermentation were evaluated. Transpiration rate decreased with decreasing soil temperature and soil water potential. Low VPD conditions which occurred during low air temperature and high humidity also decreased transipration rate. These data exhibit that fruit water balance affected by various factors relate to transpiration. Our results also indicate that high hydraulic conductance of root, high soil water potential and low VPD condition exert a significant effect on fermention of oriental melon and so called "water filled fruit".

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.63 no.2
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• pp.339-353
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• 2021

This study aimed to assess the causality of different climate variables on the production of whole crop maize (Zea mays L.; WCM) in the central inland region of the Korea. Furthermore, the effect of these climate variables was also determined by looking at direct and indirect pathways during the stages before and after silking. The WCM metadata (n = 640) were collected from the Rural Development Administration's reports of new variety adaptability from 1985-2011 (27 years). The climate data was collected based on year and location from the Korean Meteorology Administration's weather information system. Causality, in this study, was defined by various cause-and-effect relationships between climatic factors, such as temperature, rainfall amount, sunshine duration, wind speed and relative humidity in the seeding to silking stage and the silking to harvesting stage. All climate variables except wind speed were different before and after the silking stage, which indicates the silking occurred during the period when the Korean season changed from spring to summer. Therefore, the structure of causality was constructed by taking account of the climate variables that were divided by the silking stage. In particular, the indirect effect of rainfall through the appropriate temperature range was different before and after the silking stage. The damage caused by heat-humidity was having effect before the silking stage while the damage caused by night-heat was not affecting WCM production. There was a large variation in soil surface temperature and rainfall before and after the silking stage. Over 350 mm of rainfall affected dry matter yield (DMY) when soil surface temperatures were less than 22℃ before the silking stage. Over 900 mm of rainfall also affected DMY when soil surface temperatures were over 27℃ after the silking stage. For the longitudinal effects of soil surface temperature and rainfall amount, less than 22℃ soil surface temperature and over 300 mm of rainfall before the silking stage affected yield through over 26℃ soil surface temperature and less than 900 mm rainfall after the silking stage, respectively.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.12
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• pp.171-177
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• 2022

The number of people who own indoor plants is growing today, but as a result of their busy lifestyles-such as work or travel-as well as a lack of enthusiasm in caring for their plants, their plants wither. The use of an irrigation control system with a surveillance camera can assist such folks in taking care of their plants. Such a device can assist in remotely watering plants at predetermined times and checking on the health of the plants. The proprietors would be able to live comfortably without feeling bad thanks to this change. Internet access is required for this technology in order to monitor the plants and control the watering through apps. A sensor is installed in the soil to monitor soil humidity and send data to the microcontroller for irrigation, allowing the owner to schedule irrigation as they see fit and keep an eye on their plants all day. With the use of a remote irrigation control system, the plants will grow properly and be irrigated with the proper amount of water, and the owners will be so glad and delighted to watch their plants. Knowing the time and quantity of water are vital parts of the plant growth.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.100 no.4
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• pp.687-692
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• 2011

Pimpinella brachycarpa, a summer-green perennial herb, is narrowly distributed in the moist forest floors. We investigated environmental characteristics and growth patterns of Pimpinella brachycarpa depending on the microenvironment in Mt. Jeombong located in the central part of Korea. P. brachycarpa populations were located at an altitude of 978~1016 m and the average atmospheric humidity hovered at 80 percent. Also, it was found that the soil moisture content was remarkably high, 26.7%, in the populations; organic matter 11.1~11.7%; the nitrate nitrogen 0.60%; available phosphorus 19.5~39.0 ppm; CEC $20.8{\sim}21.3cmolckg^{-1}$; soil pH 4.7~4.8 respectively. In case of growth pattern, the shoot length of individuals under the improved light condition in the sunny forest was statistically longer than in the dense forest. Therefore, we presumed that high humidity and ample soil moisture are abiotic factors of the growth of P. brachycarpa and that the amount of light affects the relative growth rate of individuals.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.363-369
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• 2007

To understand property of distribution restricted at northern slope of Corylopsis coreana, we investigated process of sedentary formation from seed germination to seedling and its micrometeorological factors in Cheongsogol, Suncheon in Korea. The germination tests were carried out in-situ and manipulated condition, respectively. Air and soil temperatures, relative humidity, soil water contents and PPFD were measured in southern and northern slopes for four seasons. The seeds did not shown difference in germination to azimuth slope. However, seedling in the northern slope should have taken advantage on the sedentary stage of seedlings because there was low temperature and high humidity during the spring. At the southern slope, the seedlings seemed to have a disadvantage on high temperature and low humidity in spring season. Accordingly, the formation of Corylopsis coreana population is influenced by microclimatic factors, especially in low temperature and high humidity at the sedentary stage of the germinated seedlings.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.83-91
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• 2012

In this study, the compressive strength characteristics of lime-cement-soil mixtures, composed of lime, soil, and a small amount of cement, were investigated by performing the unconfined compression tests, the freezing and thawing tests, the wetting and drying tests and the permeability tests. The specimens were made by mixing soils with cement and lime. The cement contents were 0, 6, 8 and 10 %, and the lime contents were 2, 4, 5, 10, 15 and 20 % in weight. Each specimen was cured at constant temperature in a humidity room for 3, 7 and 28 days. The compressive strength characteristics of the lime-cement-soil mixtures were then investigated using the unconfined compression tests, freezing and thawing tests and the wetting and drying tests. Based on the test results, a discussion was made on the applicability of the lime-cement-soil mixtures as a construction material.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.19-31
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• 2019

To study the cleaning effects and post-treatment stability assessment of various methods of cleaning textiles with metal thread, six naturally-soiled historical textiles with metal thread were investigated at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Prior to the cleaning of fabricated gold, silver, and copper thread that had been glued onto a paper substrate, the artificial deterioration was carried out in a controlled environment with light(UV and daylight), and temperature and humidity factors which would weaken and damage the samples. A synthetic soil mixture was applied to the samples to imitate soil found on the historic and archaeological textiles with metal thread; the cleaning effect and post-treatment assessment were investigated by use of three textile cleaning methods: mechanical cleaning, wet cleaning, and solvent cleaning. While investigating the naturally-soiled textiles with metal thread, it was determined that the soil colors and sizes of contaminating particles of each textile were different due to the diversity of original environmental factors and conditions. After cleaning with kneaded rubber, Stoddard solvent, n-decane or n-hexane, a bright, clean effect was apparent. Kneaded rubber was successful in picking up both large and small particles, but its stickiness caused some of the metal leaf to peel off. Stoddard solvent produced a good cleaning effect, but after use of n-hexane and n-decane in the cleaning process, a white layer of residue remained on the textile's surface. Wet cleaning was not effective and the rapid humidity changes between wet and dry conditions caused the edges of the paper substrate to lose their original shape.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.133-140
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• 2008

The growth of root and shoot normally decline dramatically in mid-summer of Korea, moreover the cool-season turfgrassgrass eventually wither to death over $30^{\circ}C$. The increase of air temperature also drives the heat of soil, that makes stress on root system. The heat stress affects physiological mechanisms of hormonal unbalance that stimulates shoot growth, photosynthesis, and transpiration. To solve those problems, many studies have been carried out to control soil moisture and OM content to decrease soil temperature for dissolving the growth retardant by heat stress. This study initiated to analyze the change of soil temperature with soil moisture, and the effect of soil depth and moisture content on heat transmit and thermal changes on turfgrass growth(productivity, green color, and damage by dryness and high temperature). Kentucky bluegrass plots prepared with 25%, 33%, 40% soil moisture treatments. Soil temperature was measured every five min. with four thermo-sensors at 12 and 2 cm soil depth. The most acceptable growth showed at 33% soil moisture, but the worst result showed at 40%. The soil moisture seriously affected on the growth of Kentucky bluegrass, however the quality of turfgrass may acceptable if we can control soil moisture down to 33% when the flooding season of monsoon.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.35-43
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• 2011

This study aimed to investigate the engineering characteristics of PVA fiber-cement-soil mixture used to prevent or reduce brittle failure of cement-soil mixtures due to the tensile strength increase from the addition of a synthetic fiber. The engineering characteristics of PVA fiber-cement-soil mixtures composed of PVA fiber, soil, and a small amount of cement was analysed on the basis of the compaction test, the unconfined compression test, the tensile strength test, the freezing and thawing test, and the wetting and drying test. The specimens were manufactured with soil, cement and PVA fiber. The cement contents was 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10%, and the fiber contents was 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0% by the weight of total dry soil. To investigate the strength characteristics depending on age, each specimen was manufactured after curing at constant temperature and humidity room for 3, 7 and 28 days, after which the engineering characteristics of PVA fiber-cement-soil mixtures were investigated using the unconfined compression test, the tensile strength test, the freezing and thawing test, and the wetting and drying test. The basic data were presented for the application of PVA fiber-cement-soil mixtures as construction materials.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.851-858
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• 2018

In this paper, a temperature and humidity algorithm was proposed to enhance the economic efficiency and productivity of smart farm. The basic conditions of smart farms were analyzed, and the information exchange system between sensors and control objects in smart farms based on wireless communication was designed. Based on this, a temperature and humidity control algorithm was developed so that temperature, humidity and soil humidity within smart farm can be followed in predefined values for plant growth. To verify the validity of the proposed design methodology and control algorithm, a prototype of small scale smart farm based on 2.4GHz wireless communication were built and their validity was confirmed through repeated temperature and humidity test.