• Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.180-187
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• 2021

This study was performed to assess Protaetia brevitarsis larva excrement as an organic fertilizer for corn cultivation. Furthermore, the study investigated insect communities in each treatment. In 2009, the corn growth rate was worst in soil treated with P. brevitarsis larva excrement and in 2010, the corn growth rate was worst in untreated soil. From the outcome of the study, P. brevitarsis larva excrement could be utilized as organic fertilizer for corn cultivation.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.106-116
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• 2005

This experiment was conducted to investigate available extraction capacity and potential mobility of heavy metal according to the distribution property and contamination level of heavy metals in soils and to suggest a reform measure of soil environment assessment methodology applied with soil quality and the official soil heavy metal test methods in domestic and foreign countries. The soils were collected from the natural forest paddy with long-term application of same type fertilizer, and paddies near metal mine and industrial complex. The post-treatment methods of soil were partial extraction, acid digestion and sequential extraction methods. For the heavy metal contents with different soil properties, it was shown that their natural forest and paddy soil were slightly low and similar to the general paddy soil, while their paddies near metal mine and industrial complex were higher than the standard level of Soil Environment Protection Act. Heavy metal concentrations in the soils with different soil properties had difference between $HNO_3\;and\;HNO_3+HCl$ extractant by US-EPA 3051a method. There were highly significant positive relationships in both two methods. It was appeared that the higher extractable concentration ratio with 0.1N-HCl to total heavy metal content with $HNO_3+HCl$ extractant the greater total heavy metal content. There were highly significant positive correlationship between total heavy metal content and extractable content with 0.1N-HCl. For extractable capacity of soil extractable solution compared to the total heavy metal content it was appeared that it extractable method with 0.1N-HCl was higher than those with EDTA and DTPA. In extractable ratio with 0.1N-HCl in the contaminated paddy soils near mine and industrial complex, it was shown that the lower soil pH, the higher total heavy metal content. The order of a potential mobility coefficient by distribution of heavy metal content with ie different typies in the soil was Cd>Ni>Zn>Cu>Pb. It could be known that contamination characteristics of heavy metals with different types of soils were affected by different heavy metal components, contamination degree and soil chemical properties, and heavy metal concentration with different extractable methods had great variations with adjacent environment. To be compared with assessment methodology of soil environment impact at domestic and foreign countries with our results, it might be considered that there was necessary to make a single analysis method based on total heavy metal content with environmental overloading concept because of various analysis methods for total heavy metal content and present analysis method with great variation according to soil environment. In spite of showing higher concentration of heavy metal with acidic digestion than the extractable method, it might be considered that there is need to be adjusted the national standard of soil heavy metal contamination.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.133-133
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• 2021

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.165-172
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• 2017

Background: This study investigated the temporal variation in soil $CO_2$ efflux and its relationship with soil temperature and precipitation in the Quercus glauca and Abies koreana forests in Jeju Island, South Korea, from August 2010 to December 2012. Q. glauca and A. koreana forests are typical vegetation of warm-temperate evergreen forest zone and sub-alpine coniferous forest zone, respectively, in Jeju island. Results: The mean soil $CO_2$ efflux of Q. glauca forest was $0.7g\;CO_2\;m^{-2}\;h^{-1}$ at $14.3^{\circ}C$ and that of A. koreana forest was $0.4g\;CO_2\;m^{-2}\;h^{-1}$ at $6.8^{\circ}C$. The cumulative annual soil $CO_2$ efflux of Q. glauca and A. koreana forests was 54.2 and $34.2t\;CO_2\;ha^{-1}$, respectively. Total accumulated soil carbon efflux in Q. glauca and A. koreana forests was 29.5 and $18.7t\;C\;ha^{-1}$ for 2 years, respectively. The relationship between soil $CO_2$ efflux and soil temperate at 10 cm depth was highly significant in the Q. glauca ($r^2=0.853$) and A. koreana forests ($r^2=0.842$). Soil temperature was the main controlling factor over $CO_2$ efflux during most of the study period. Also, precipitation may affect soil $CO_2$ efflux that appeared to be an important factor controlling the efflux rate. Conclusions: Soil $CO_2$ efflux was affected by soil temperature as the dominant control and moisture as the limiting factor. The difference of soil $CO_2$ efflux between of Q. glauca and A. koreana forests was induced by soil temperature to altitude and regional precipitation.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제30권9호
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• pp.1310-1320
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• 2020

Low-quality soil for land reuse is a crucial problem in vegetation quality and especially to waste disposal sites in mining areas. It is necessary to find suitable materials to improve the soil quality and especially to increase soil microbial diversity and activity. In this study, pot experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of a mixed material of humic acid, super absorbent polymer and biochar on low-quality soil indexes and the microbial community response. The indexes included soil physicochemical properties and the corresponding plant growth. The results showed that the mixed material could improve chemical properties and physical structure of soil by increasing the bulk density, porosity, macro aggregate, and promote the mineralization of nutrient elements in soil. The best performance was achieved by adding 3 g·kg^-1 super absorbent polymer, 3 g·kg^-1 humic acid, and 10 g·kg^-1 biochar to soil with plant total nitrogen, dry weight and height increased by 85.18%, 266.41% and 74.06%, respectively. Physicochemical properties caused changes in soil microbial diversity. Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi, Cyanobacteria, Firmicutes, Nitrospirae, Planctomycetes, and Proteobacteria were significantly positively correlated with most of the physical, chemical and plant indicators. Actinobacteria and Armatimonadetes were significantly negatively correlated with most measurement factors. Therefore, this study can contribute to improving the understanding of low-quality soil and how it affects soil microbial functions and sustainability.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.192-196
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• 2003

Objective of this study was to investigate the influences of harvest index and percolation water quality as irrigated the discharge waters from an industrial and a municipal wastewater treatment plants and seawater (1:5 seawater: tap water) as alternative water resources during tillering stage for drought stress. There were four different treatments such as the discharge water from an industrial (textile dyeing manufacture plant) wastewater treatment plant (DIWT), discharge water from the municipal wastewater treatment plant (DMWT), seawater (1:5) and groundwater as a control. For the initial chemical compositions of alternative waters, it appeared that higher concentrations of COD, $Mn^{2+}$, and $Ni^+$ in DIWT were observed than reused criteria of other country for irrigation, and concentrations of $EC_i$, Cl, and $SO_4$ in seawater were higher than that for irrigation. Harvest index was not significantly different between DIWT and DMWT with different irrigation periods in two soil types, but that of seawater (1:5) is decreased with irrigation periods in clay loam soil and not different between 10 days and 20 days of irrigation periods in sandy loam soil. For percolation water qualities, values of sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) are increased with prolonging the irrigation periods of seawater (1:5) and DIWT, but those of DMWT were almost constant through the cultivation periods regardless of the irrigation period in both soil types. EG of percolation waters is eventually increased with prolonging days after irrigation regardless of irrigation periods in both soil types. Therefore, it might be concluded that there was potentially safe to irrigate the discharge water from municipal wastewater treatment plant relative to harvest index, SAR and $EC_i$ values of the ground water through the rice cultivation period at tillering stage for drought period.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.113-125
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• 2000

This study was carried out to introduce current status and development strategy for an environmental restoration of stream side in Japan, and to consider a methodology which could be effectively applied for the environmental restoration of stream side in Korea. The strategy prospects of environmental restoration in Japan were summarized as follows : 1. When we establish the long term erosion control planning, we should make detail planning after considering of a certain block of watershed units. Because most of the disaster is caused by soil movement which was occurred by water contents. 2. Nowadays, the general torrent erosion control planning system in Japan focused on reducing the sediment such as by placement of erosion control facility and by restoration of afforestation, after calculation of several factors including expected amount of sediment, and the different amount of planned sediment and allowable sediment. 3. In the past, the goal of forest conservation and erosion control planing was to fix the amount of soil movement by construction of permanent facilities. While, the goal of forest conservation and erosion control planning in the future needs to change the techniques to a small and middle scale's soil movement which could prevent soil movement from large scale of soil disasters, but allow soil movement effectively. Also, it is considered to change erosion control dams from non passing type to passing type. 4. Restoration of stream-side ecology, erosion control for the conservation of ecology should be planned and conducted cautiously based on concepts of ecology conservation and development of environmentally sound techniques.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.14-26
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• 2023

Background: An important consideration for the risk assessment of transgenic plants is their overwintering potential in a natural ecosystem, which allows the survival of the seed bank and may lead to seed reproduction. Here, we investigated the overwintering of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) seeds in the laboratory (temperatures: -5, -1, 5, and 10℃) and in the field (burial depth: 0, 5, 15, and 30 cm) as a case study to examine the invasiveness of transgenic crops. Results: Sunflower seeds germinated when incubated at 5℃ and 10℃ for 2, 4, 6, and 12 weeks but not when incubated at -5℃ or -1℃. However, the seeds incubated at -5℃ or -1℃ germinated when they were transferred to the optimal germination temperature (25℃). Up to 16.5% and 15.0% of seeds were dormant when cultured at sub-zero temperatures in a Petri dish containing filter paper and soil, respectively. In the field trial, soil temperature, moisture, and microbial communities differed significantly between soil depths. Germination-related microorganisms were more distributed on the soil surface. Seeds buried on the surface decayed rapidly from 4 weeks after burial, whereas those buried at depths of 15 cm and 30 cm germinated even 16 weeks after burial. No dormancy was detected for seeds buried at any depth. Conclusions: Although sunflower seeds did not overwinter in situ in this study, we cannot exclude the possibility that these seeds lie dormant at sub-zero temperatures and then germinate at optimal temperatures in nature.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.88-94
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• 2016

Vehicular traffic on turf results in loss of green cover due to direct tearing of shoots and indirect long-term soil compaction. Protection of turfgrass crowns from wear could increase the ability of turf to recover from heavy traffic. Plastic turfpavers have been installed in trafficked areas to reduce soil compaction and to protect turfgrass crowns from wear. The objectives of this study were to evaluate traffic performance of turfgrasses (Zoysia matrella and Axonopus compressus) and soil mixture (high, medium and low sand mix) combinations on turf-paver complex. The traffic performance of turf and recovery was evaluated based on percent green cover determined by digital image analysis and spectral reflectance responses by NDVI-meter. Bulk density cores indicated significant increase in soil compaction from medium and low sand mixtures compared to high sand mixture. Higher reduction of percent green cover was observed from A. compressus (30-40%) than Z. matrella (10-20%) across soil mixtures. Both turf species displayed higher wear tolerance when established on higher sand (>50% sand) than low sand mixture. Positive turf recovery was also supported by complementary spectral responses. Establishment of Zoysia matrella turf on turfpaver complex using high sand mixture will result in improved wear tolerance.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.422-432
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• 2022

본 연구는 백두대간 생태축 복원사업지에서의 수목 생육 장애 요인을 평가하기 위해서 토양 및 미기상 환경모니터링을 실시했다. 그 결과 복원 사업지에서는 주변 산림과 비교하여 토양의 유기물, 전질소 및 양이온치환용량이 부족하여 양분 공급이 결핍된 것으로 나타났다. 복원사업 준공 직후인 가을철 토양수분은 복원사업지가 주변 임내와 비교하여 7배 이상 빠르게 감소했으며, 미사질과 점토 함량 부족으로 인해 보습력이 매우 낮은 것으로 평가되었다. 복원 사업지의 경우 주변 임내와 비교하여 연간 잠재증발산량이 약 2배 높은 975mm로 분석되었다. 복원사업지의 여름철 토양 수분은 일사량이 증가하는 낮 시간대에 급격하게 감소하는데 이는 잠재증발산량 증가의 영향이 큰 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 수목 생육 장애 요인을 개선하기 위해서는 낙엽, 부엽토, 토양개량제, 유기질 비료 시비 등을 활용하여 보습력 증진 등 물리성 개량과 양이온치환능을 증가시켜 식물에게 원활한 양분 공급이 이루어질 수 있도록 유도해야할 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구의 결과는 향후 생태축 복원사업의 설계와 시공 및 관리방안 수립의 기초 자료가 될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.