• 한국의류학회지
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• 제29권7호
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• pp.1027-1036
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• 2005

Based on the correlation analysis result of preceding research, the biodegradabilities of cellulose fibers were closely related to the moisture regain of the samples, which reflects the hydrophilicity and internal structure of the fibers. In addition to this factor, it was expected that the biodegradation conditions influence the biodegradability of fibers. In this study, widely used cellulose fibers including cotton, rayon, and acetate were used. The biodegradabilities of cellulose fibers were measured by soilburial test, and then the degradation behaviors based on each condition were compared. Moreover, the effects of degradation conditions such as humidity of the soil were investigated. Changes in the internal structure of samples were also observed by X-ray analysis according to the soil burial time. It was shown that humidity of soil facilitated the degradation of cotton, rayon, and acetate fibers, showing higher degradation rate with higher humidity in soil. This effect was shown to be much greater in the fibers of high moisture regain such as cotton and rayon. In respect of microstructure change, crystallinities and their crystal size of fibers decreased remarkably in the soil of higher humidity. It was revealed that degradation of crystalline area was more dependent on the soil humidity than that of amorphous area.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.379-384
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• 1997

The biodegradable characteristics of poly-$\beta$-hydroxybutyrate(PHB) film by fun맥 and soil burial are Investigated. As the results of the American Standards for Testing and Materials(ASTM) method, the you of Aspergillus niger was apparent on the PHB containing plate. This suggests that PHB was utilized as the sole carbon source by Aspergillus niger and ASTM method may have applications as measuring means of biome gradability of polyhydroxyalkanoic acid(PHA). PHB film was studied by monitoring the time-dependant changes in weight loss of PHB film under 30% and relative humidity 80 % during pot-test. As the results of pot-test, PHB film was decomposed about 87 % in 30 days by soul microorganisms. PHB film was more slowly degraded than PHB/HV film.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.221-235
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• 2015

A series of laboratory model tests were conducted to investigate the effects of buried pipes location on the bearing capacity of strip footing in cohesionless soil. The variables examined in the testing program include relative density of the sand, loading rate of tests, burial depths of pipe and horizontal distance of pipe to footing. The test results showed a significant increase in bearing capacities when embedment ratio of pipe and horizontal distance of pipe to footing were increased. Based on the test results, it can be concluded that the location of pipes and relative density of sand are main parameters that affect the bearing capacity of strip footing. However, loading rate has not considerable effect on bearing capacity.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제25권8호
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• pp.47-55
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• 2009

본 연구는 해양부산물로 발생되는 고막껍질을 재활용하기 위하여 매립이나 성토재료로 활용되고 있는 황토에 혼합 적용함으로써 친환경적인 건설재료의 대체재료로 활용성을 연구하는데 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 황토를 조립재료인 고막껍질과 혼합하여 반복삼축시험을 통하여 역학적인 특성을 알아보았다. 고막껍질-황토 혼합토의 혼합비율은 중량비를 이용하였으며 황토에 고막껍질을 일정한 함유율로 혼합한 고막껍질의 혼합비율은 5종류로 하고 각각의 혼합토에 대해 반복삼축시험을 실시하였다. 반복삼축시험 결과 고막껍질 치환 함유율이 20.0% 이상인 혼합토에서 액상화저항성에 한계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 고막껍질-황토 혼합토의 액상화 저항성을 증대시키고자 약간의 유리섬유를 첨가 하여 입증하였다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.437-442
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• 2015

Studies to estimate seed longevity and dormancy of creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) were conducted from 2000 to 2005 at Corvallis and Hermiston, Oregon. Seeds from three transgenic glyphosate resistant creeping bentgrass lines, 48-10, 48-13, and ASR368, and one non-transgenic glyphosate susceptible line, SR1020, were used. Creeping bentgrass seeds were buried at 3, 18 and 31 cm in 2000 and removed 6, 12, 18, 24, and 51 months later. Soil type and climatic conditions were different at the two locations. At Corvallis, the soil was a Malabon silty clay loam, and the winters wet and mild. The soil at Hermiston was an Adkins fine sandy loam, and winters drier and colder. Seeds of all creeping bentgrass lines deteriorated faster at Corvallis than at Hermiston. The estimated half-lives of creeping bentgrass lines buried at Corvallis were 8.4 to 20.2 months, while those buried at Hermiston were 8.4 to 37.7 months. At both sites, seeds of the glyphosate resistant lines, 48-10 and 48-13, deteriorated faster than the susceptible line, SR1020. However, seed deterioration in the resistant line, ASR368, was slower than all other creeping bentgrass lines. Based on the germination test, exhumed intact seeds at Corvallis were more dormant than those at Hermiston. If buried, it could be expected that viable creeping bentgrass seeds will persist more than 4 years after the seeds are introduced to a site, but environmental conditions can influence both seed longevity and dormancy.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.69-79
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• 2022

For long underground box utility tunnels, post-tensioned precast concrete is often used. Between precast tunnel segments, sealed waterproof flexible joints are often specified. Fault displacement can lead to excessive deformation of the joints, which can lead to reduction in waterproofing due to diminished contact pressure between the sealant strip and the tunnel segment. This paper authenticates utilization of a finite element model for a prefabricated tunnel fault-crossing founded on ABAQUS software. In addition, material parameter selection, contact setting and boundary condition are reviewed. Analyzed under normal fault action are: the influence of fault displacement; buried depth; soil friction coefficient, and angle of crossing at the fault plane. In addition, distribution characteristics of the utility tunnel structure for vertical and longitudinal/horizontal relative displacement at segmented interface for the top and bottom slab are analyzed. It is found that the effect of increase in fault displacement on the splice joint deformation is significant, whereas the effects of changes in burial depth, pipe-soil friction coefficient and fault-crossing angle on the overall tunnel and joint deformations were not so significant.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제29권3_4호
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• pp.470-477
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• 2005

This study was carried out to evaluate the biodegradability of viscose rayon and lyocell fibers, employing soil burial test, activated sludge test and enzymatic hydrolysis. Using X-ray analysis, crystallinity and morphology change was investigated. External changes after degradation were also observed by SEM and digital photographs. Vscose rayon fibers exhibited higher biodegadation than lyocell fibers, indicating that lower crystallinity favored the biodegradation. Among the biodegradability of lyocell fibers there was a tendency that fibers with lower crystallinity and higher moisture regain had higher values. When external changes after degradation being observed, it was shown that there were microorganisms growing on the surfaces of samples accompanying lading and weakening. From these results it was concluded that biodegradability of the specimens was most closely correlated to the moisture regain and crystallinity of fibers which reflects hydrophilicity and internal structure.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.267-275
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• 2020

연구목적: 본 연구에서는 공동 영역의 변화를 규명하기 위해 GPR 탐사장비, 유량계, 천공기, 공내 촬영장비, 공동 형상화 장비 등을 사용하여 공동 체적에 비례한 일정량의 물을 주입하고, 주입한 물이 빠짐에 따라 확대되는 공동 영역 변화를 정량적으로 평가하였다. 연구방법: 지하수 주입에 의한 공동 체적변화를 살펴보기 위해 실험공 2개소에 대한 주입시간-주입유량-체적증가량을 측정하였다. 연구결과: 주입시간이 증가할수록 체적증가량은 감소하고 있으며 1시간 정도 주입하면 더 이상의 체적증가가 없음을 알 수 있었다. 결론: 주입실험을 통해 체적변화 양상을 분석하여 공동생성의 원인이 주변 지중 매설물에 대한 영향 유무를 판단할 수 있었다. 그리고 지하수 주입 시, 공동이 확장되는 과정에서 주변의 이완된 지반이 일부 붕괴되거나 세립토가 주변 지반의 간극을 채우기 때문이며, 지하수 주입 유량이 증가할수록 체적변화가 증가하는 것으로 미루어, 공동의 확장은 지하수 유동에 큰 영향이 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.173-182
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• 2001

The physical properties and biodegradability of cellulose fabrics, such as cotton and rayon, are expected to vary with textile care. In this study cotton and rayon fabrics were washed repeatedly with detergents, bleaches, or softeners. The changes of physical properties were investigated by measuring retention of breaking strength, shrinkage, handle, and the fiber surface was observed by SEM. The biodegradability of fabrics was also estimated by soil burial test. The results were as follows. Cotton fabrics laundered repeatedly by detergents and bleaches lost virtually no strength. The breaking strength of the rayon fabrics decreased by about 17%∼25% after repeated launderings. Shrinkage in weft direction was much larger than that in warp direction. Bending rigidities of both fabrics decreased remarkably within 10 wash cycles. Shear rigidity in cotton fabrics increased continuously with repeated washing cycles, however, that in rayon fabrics did not show any change as washing went on. Friction coefficient increased in both fabrics after 10 wash cycles, and this is thought to be attributed to the wrinkle, interlocking of hairs, surface damage resulted from repeated washings. In cotton fabrics made of staple yarns, short hairs on the yarn surface entangled together with repeated launderings. This resulted in the continuous increase in % shrinkage, shear rigidity, friction coefficient. Rayon fabrics made of filament yarns, however, did not show this phenomenon. Softener treated fabrics showed the lowest values in bending rigidity, shear rigidity and friction coefficient because the cationic surfactants adsorbed on the fiber surface behaved like lubricants. The biodegradability of fabrics was noticeably affected by the composition of washing solutions. The fabrics washed with detergents and bleaches were decomposed faster than those washed with the others were and the cotton fabrics washed with detergents and softeners hardly degraded. The fabrics soiled with milk were decomposed almost completely and those soiled with Palmitic acid did not degrade greatly.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.60-69
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• 2020

연구목적: 공동 성장과정 모니터링은 일반 및 관찰등급을 대상으로 공동의 규모 및 토피의 변화를 주기적으로 관찰하여 공동의 크기 변화를 관측하는 것으로서, 일반 및 관찰등급 공동을 비파괴적인 방법으로 평가하여 체계적인 공동관리방안 수립을 위한 것이다. 연구방법: GPR탐사 장비를 활용하여 취득한 노면영상 및 주변현황 영상을 시험 대상 공동조사서에 표기되어 있는 주변 현황과 GPR 탐사 레이더그램에서 해당위치의 심도별 평면과 종단 및 횡단면을 분석한다. 최초 발견 공동의 노면영상에 나타난 거리와 주변 표식을 활용하여 정확한 위치를 선정하고, 해당위치의 레이더그램을 호출하여 시험 공동을 분석한다. 연구결과: 일반 및 관찰등급의 공동 30개소에서 모니터링 시험을 실시한 결과, 9개소가 복구가 완료되었으며, 시험공동 21개소에서 규모의 변화가 나타났고, 13개소에서 규모 및 등급의 변화가 동시에 발생하였다. 결론: 노면하부 공동은 매설관의 손상, 시공불량, 지하수 유출에 의한 토사유출, 폐기물, 지반진동 등의 다양한 원인으로 발생되나, 장기적인 모니터링을 통한 시험 결과, 지하수 및 국지성 호우 등의 환경적 외부 요인이 주된 영향임을 판단 할 수 있다.