• 기술사
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.122-141
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• 1999

Groupware is a new emerging research field, involving increasing numbers of institutions in the USA, Europe, and Asia such as Korea and Japan, etc., as an interdisciplinary research and development area with a strong computer science component. It grew from fairly unsystematic attempts by various developers to generate software that would increase the competence of people working together. This in turn was partly a response to: failures of and problems inherited from Office Automation and Management Information System ; some sociological intuitions about ways people might work together; and a search for uses of new interfacing, networking, and multi-media technologies. In this paper, groupware that has been configured to meet the needs of groups at work is defined as computer-based systems which support working groups of people engaged in common task in a shared environment. The basic concepts, origin, and historic research of the groupware are described. Specially, groupware relies on the approaches and contributions of many disciplines in computer science as well as sociology that is concerning human, social, and cultural activities. So, nine key disciplines of them upon which successful groupware depends are described briefly. Some state-of-the-art implementations and developments are reviewed through classifying and analyzing the current available groupware applications in the field or market.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.1114-1116
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• 2015

SDN (Software-defined networking)에서는 중앙 집중적 구조로 인해 플로우 단위의 세밀한 트래픽 관리과정에서 컨트롤러의 병목 현상이 발생하여 입력되는 메시지들의 차단 및 처리 지연이 증가할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 이 문제를 해결하기 위해 다수의 컨트롤러들 간의 플로우 단위의 부하 분배 방법을 제시하고 그 효과를 분석하였다. 제안된 방법은 특정 컨트롤러에 부하가 집중되었을 때, 새로 발생하는 플로우의 처리 및 관리를 다른 컨트롤러로 위임함으로써 컨트롤러들 간의 부하를 분배시킨다. 성능분석을 통하여 입력되는 메시지들에 대한 차단 확률이 낮아짐을 입증함으로써 제안된 방법의 효과를 증명하였다.

• 정보와 통신
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.3-11
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• 2016

자연계에서 존재하는 다양한 생명체는 자신들의 생존과 종의 번성을 위해 효율적인 행동 규칙을 만들어 진화해 왔다. 이러한 생명체의 다양한 생존원리로부터 착안을 하여 자연계가 아닌 다른 환경에서 적용이 가능하도록 알고리즘을 만들어 적용시키는 것을 생체모방 알고리즘이라 한다. 자연계의 환경자체가 불확실한 변화가 다양하게 포함되고 있으며, 제한된 자원 환경을 어떻게 효율적으로 활용하는가의 문제가 걸려 있음으로 인하여 이러한 생체모방 알고리즘은 적용환경의 변환에 빠른 적응력을 제공할 수 있고, 자원 제약형 환경에서 안정적으로 확장성과 적응성을 제공할 수 있어서 상호 운용성 측면에서 많은 이득을 줄 수 있다. 이와 같은 생체모방 알고리즘을 네트워크의 관점에서 적용시켜 보면, 전자의 경우에는 자율적인 네트워크 구성을 용이하게 제공할 수 있음을 나타내고, 후자의 경우에는 IoT 환경과 같은 자원 제약형 환경에서의 상호 운용성을 제공할 수 있다. 이렇듯이 생체모방 알고리즘을 네트워크에 접목시켜 연구하는 것은 최근의 네트워크 분야의 연구 이슈와 상호 보완적으로 작용하여 시너지 효과를 제공할 수 있다. 자연계의 군집 현상 및 동기화 현상을 네트워크 환경에서 적용하여 사용할 수 있는 생체모방 알고리즘 기술은 다양하게 존재하고 있으며 이를 활용하는 연구를 통해 SDN(Software Defined Networking)에서의 자율제어 네트워크 구성에 접목하거나 IoT 환경과 같은 자원 제약형 환경에서의 보다 효율적인 상호 연결성을 제공하는 방향으로 발전할 수 있다. 이러한 생체모방 자율제어 네트워크 환경 구현을 위해 기존의 OpenFlow 환경과 새로이 부각되는 P4: Programming Protocol-Independent Packet Processors 기술에 대해서 정리하여 향후 생체모방 자율제어 네트워크 구현 방안을 제시하고자 한다.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.189-198
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• 2015

Despite the fact that traffic engineering techniques have been comprehensively utilized in the past to enhance the performance of communication networks, the distinctive characteristics of Software Defined Networking (SDN) demand new traffic engineering techniques for better traffic control and management. Considering the behavior of traffic, large flows normally carry out transfers of large blocks of data and are naturally packet latency insensitive. However, small flows are often latency-sensitive. Without intelligent traffic engineering, these small flows may be blocked in the same queue behind megabytes of file transfer traffic. So it is very important to identify large flows for different applications. In the scope of this paper, we present an approach to detect large flows in real-time without even a short delay. After the detection of large flows, the next problem is how to control these large flows effectively and prevent network jam. In order to address this issue, we propose an approach in which when the controller is enabled, the large flow is mitigated the moment it hits the predefined threshold value in the control application. This real-time detection, marking, and controlling of large flows will assure an optimize usage of an overall network.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.33-41
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• 2018

In recent years, technology is rapidly changing to support new service consumption and distribution models in multimedia service systems and hybrid delivery of media services is a key factor for enabling next generation multimedia services. This phenomenon can lead to rapidly increasing network traffic and ultimately has a direct and aggravating effect on the user's quality of service (QOS). To address the issue, we propose a novel system architecture to provide smart hybrid media services efficiently. The architecture is designed to apply the software-defined networking (SDN) method, detect changes in traffic, and combine the data, including user data, service features, and computation node status, to provide a service schedule that is suitable for the current state. To this end, the proposed architecture is based on 2-level scheduling, where Level-1 scheduling is responsible for the best network path and a computation node for processing the user request, whereas Level-2 scheduling deals with individual service requests that arrived at the computation node. This paper describes the overall concept of the architecture, as well as the functions of each component. In addition, this paper describes potential scenarios that demonstrate how this architecture could provide services more efficiently than current media-service architectures.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제12권9호
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• pp.4144-4165
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• 2018

Software-defined networking (SDN) has emerged as a promising technology for network programmability and experiments. In this work, we focus on virtual network embedding in multiple controllers SDN network. In SDN virtualization environment, virtual SDN networks (vSDNs) operate on the shared substrate network and managed by their each controller, the placement and load of controllers affect vSDN embedding process. We consider controller placement, vSDN embedding, controller adjustment as a joint problem, together considering different quality of service (QoS) requirement for users, formulate the problem into mathematical models to minimize the average time delay of control paths, the load imbalance degree of controllers and embedding cost. We propose a heuristic method which places controllers and partitions control domains according to substrate SDN network, embeds different QoS constraint vSDN requests by corresponding algorithms, and migrates switches between control domains to realize load balance of controllers. The simulation results show that the proposed method can satisfy different QoS requirement of tenants, keep load balance between controllers, and work well in the acceptance ratio and revenue to cost ratio for vSDN embedding.

• 한국정보처리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보처리학회 2018년도 추계학술발표대회
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• pp.133-135
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• 2018

In these days, providing flexible and personalized network services subject to customers' requirements becomes an interesting issue for network service providers. Moreover, because each network service provider own finite network resources and infrastructure, dynamic network provisioning is essential to leverage the limited network resources efficiently and effectively for supporting personalized network services. Recently, as the population of mobile devices increases, the location-awareness becomes as important as the QoS-awareness to provision a network service dynamically. In this paper, we propose a framework for providing location-aware dynamic network services. This framework includes the web user interface for obtaining customers' requirements such as locations and QoS, the network generator for mapping the requested locations and network infrastructure, the network path calculator for selecting routes to meet the requested QoS and the network controller for deploying a prepared network services into SDN(Software-Defined Networking) enabled network infrastructure.

• 한국정보처리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보처리학회 2015년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.203-204
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• 2015

하나의 AP에 다수의 사용자가 연결되어 AP의 부하가 가중될 경우 해당 AP에 연결되어 있는 사용자들의 무선데이터 전송속도는 현저하게 떨어진다. 이를 방지하기 위해 본 논문에서는 SDN 기술을 사용하여 SDN 제어기에서 연결된 AP들의 부하분산을 지원하는 시스템을 제안하였으며, 해당 시스템은 SDN 제어기와 AP 그리고 안드로이드 스마트폰으로 구성되었다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 시스템을 지원하기 위해 각각의 AP들은 SDN 제어기와의 통신을 담당하는 SDN Agent를 설치한다. 또한 현재 이동통신단말기가 연결이 가능한 AP들의 목록을 작성하기 위해 이동통신 단말기에도 SDN Agent를 설치한다. SDN 제어기는 각각의 Agent로부터 받은 정보들을 통해 적합한 AP로 이동통신 단말기가 다시 연결될 수 있도록 한다. 본 논문에서는 제안한 시스템의 검증을 위해 실험환경을 구성하여 실험을 수행하였으며 효과적으로 동작하는 것을 확인하였다.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.197-206
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• 2019

Software-defined networking (SDN) is a modern approach for current computer and data networks. The increase in the number of business websites has resulted in an exponential growth in web traffic. To cope with the increased demands, multiple web servers with a front-end load balancer are widely used by organizations and businesses as a viable solution to improve the performance. In this paper, we propose a load-balancing mechanism for SDN. Our approach allocates web requests to each server according to its response time and the traffic volume of the corresponding switch port. The centralized SDN controller periodically collects this information to maintain an up-to-date view of the load distribution among the servers, and incoming user requests are redirected to the most appropriate server. The simulation results confirm the superiority of our approach compared to several other techniques. Compared to LBBSRT, round robin, and random selection methods, our mechanism improves the average response time by 19.58%, 33.94%, and 57.41%, respectively. Furthermore, the average improvement of throughput in comparison with these algorithms is 16.52%, 29.72%, and 58.27%, respectively.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제12권11호
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• pp.5404-5424
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• 2018

This work is mainly focused on two major topics in cloud platforms by using OpenStack as a case study: management and provisioning of resources to meet the requirements of a service demanded by remote end-user and relocation of virtual machines (VMs) requests to offload the encumbered compute nodes. The general framework architecture contains two subsystems: 1) An orchestrator that allows to systematize provisioning and resource management in OpenStack, and 2) A resource utilization based subsystem for vibrant VM relocation in OpenStack. The suggested orchestrator provisions and manages resources by: 1) manipulating application program interfaces (APIs) delivered by the cloud supplier in order to allocate/control/manage storage and compute resources; 2) interrelating with software-defined networking (SDN) controller to acquire the details of the accessible resources, and training the variations/rules to manage the network based on the requirements of cloud service. For resource provisioning, an algorithm is suggested, which provisions resources on the basis of unused resources in a pool of VMs. A sub-system is suggested for VM relocation in a cloud computing platform. The framework decides the proposed overload recognition, VM allocation algorithms for VM relocation in clouds and VM selection.