• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.9
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• pp.4038-4045
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• 2011

To investigate whitening Effects of Angelica dahurica Radix Ethanol Extract (ADEE), we used melan-a cell line, brown guinea pig, and HMB-45. We treated with ADEE of 6.25, 12.5, 25, and 50 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$ concentration in order to evaluate the effect of ADEE on cell viability and on morphological observation of melan-a cells. Also we were induced the artificial tanning spots by 1,500 mJ/$cm^2$ of ultraviolet B radiation on the backs of brown guinea pigs (approximately 450~500g) and then the test agent of $30{\mu}{\ell}$ was applied on the spots twice a day, five days a week, for five weeks respectively. The visible whitening effect was evaluated once a week. At the end of the experiment, the animals were sacrificed under anesthetization. The artificial tanning spots were obtained by biopsy punch and stained with HMB-45 to observe the gp100 proteins which were melanosomes. Our results show that cell viability was not reduce at ADEE concentrations between 6.25 and 50 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$, melanin synthesis and melanocyte dendricity were decreased in ADEE treated melan-a cells increasing ADEE concentration. In the gross observation, ADEE treated groups had lower pigmentation than the vehicle control groups. And in the histological observation, ADEE treated groups had lower melanocytes than the vehicle control groups. Also in the quantitative analysis of the gp100 proteins using image analysis software, ADEE treated groups had a significantly lower value (p<0.001) than the vehicle control group and this resultsagreed with the results of observation under microscope. From these results, weconcluded that ADEE had positive whitening effect.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.503-516
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• 2021

Autonomous fire detection and suppression system requires advanced technology for complex detection technology and injection/control technology for accurate hitting by fire location. Also, foam spraying should be included to respond to oil fires. However, when a single spray monitor is used in common, water and foam spray properties appear different, so for accurate fire suppression, research on the spray trajectory and distance will be required. In this study, experimental studies and numerical analysis studies were combined to analyze the foam spray characteristics through the spray monitor developed for the establishment of an autonomous fire extinguishing system. For flow analysis of foam injection, modeling was performed using OpenFOAM analysis software, and the commonly used foaming agent (Aqueous Film-Forming Foam) was applied for foam properties. The injection distance analysis was performed according to the injection pressure and the injection angle according to the form of the foam, and at the same time, the results were verified and presented through the injection experiment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.603-612
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• 2020

This study has a purpose to look into the effect of the relationship between the Tube current (mA) and SOD(Source to Object Distance), which is a parameter of lower limb angiography examination, and the dilution rate of the contrast medium concentration (300, 320, 350) on the image. To that end, using 3 mm vessel model water phantom, a vessel model custom made in the size of peripheral vessel diameter, this study measured relationships between change of parameters, such as tube current (mA), SOD and varying concentrations (300, 320, 350) of contrast medium dilution into SNR and CNR values while analyzing the coefficients of variance(cv<10). The software used to measure SNR and CNR values was Image J 1.50i from NIH (National Institutes of Health, USA). MPV (mean pixel value) and SD (standard deviation) were used after verifying numerically the image signal for region of interest (ROI) and background on phantom from the DICOM (digital imaging and communications in medicine) 3.0 file transmitted to PACS. As to contrast medium dilution by the change of tube current, when 146 mA and 102 mA were compared, For both SNR and CNR, the coefficient of variation value was less than 10 until the section of CM: N/S dilution (100% ~ 30% : 70%) but CM: N/S dilution rate (20%: 80% ~ 10% : 90%) the coefficient of variation was 10 or more. As to contrast medium dilution by concentration for SOD change, when SOD's (32.5 cm and 22.5 cm) were compared,For both SNR and CNR, the coefficient of variation value was less than 10 until the section of CM: N/S dilution (100% ~ 30% : 70%) but CM: N/S dilution rate (20%: 80% ~ 10% : 90%) the coefficient of variation was 10 or more. As to contrast medium dilution by concentration for SOD change, when SOD's (32.5 cm and 12.5 cm) were compared,For both SNR and CNR, the coefficient of variation value was less than 10 until the section of CM: N/S dilution (100% ~ 30% : 70%) but CM: N/S dilution rate (20%: 80% ~ 10% : 90%) the coefficient of variation was 10 or more. As a result, set a low tube current value in other tests or procedures including peripheral angiography of the lower extremities in the intervention, and make the table as close as possible to the image receiver, and adjust the contrast agent concentration (300) to CM: N/S dilution (30%: 70%). ) Is suggested as the most efficient way to obtain images with an appropriate concentration while simultaneously reducing the burden on the kidney and the burden on exposure.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.153-161
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• 2003

Purpose: Recently the occurrence of dipyridamole stress-induced short term stunning was proven and it is reported that Bland Altman analysis by repeated acquisition Tl-201 gated myocardial SPECT (gSPECT) revealed the 95% limit of agreement for LVEF was 10.3 %. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical value of dipyridamole induced transient LV dysfunction on Tl-201 gSPECT. Materials and Methods: Total 93 patients were included and coronary angiography was peformed in all patients less than 2 month from gSPECT. The patients with myocardial infarction were excluded. All patients underwent both dipyridamole stress and 4-h redistribution Tl-201 gSPECT. Forty nine patients of total 93 showed normal coronary arteries (Group 1) and the remaining 44 patients had coronary artery disease (Group 2). We compared LV EF, EDV and ESV during post-stress and 4-h redistribution period calculated by gSPECT using quantitative gated SPECT software and the incidence of dipyridamole induced transient LV dysfunction between group 1 and 2. The criteria for transient LV dysfunction was defined more decrease ${\geq}11%$ of LVEF during post-stress than 4-h redistribution according to previous reported Bland Altman analysis. Results: During post-stress and 4-h redistribution average of 3.1% increment in LVEF, 6.6% increment in LVEDV and 0.7% decrement in LVESV were shown after stress in Group 1, whereas 4.1% decrement, 9.7% increment and 7.2% increment in Group 2 respectively. Dipyridamole induced transient LV dysfunction was only detected in group 2 (18.2%) and not in group 1. It was more frequently observed in triple vessel disease and left main disease (31.8%, N=22) than one and two vessel disease (4.5%, N=22). Conclusion: As with Tc-99m myocardial agent post-stress LV dysfunction was observed in dipyridamole Tl-201 gSPECT. It was only detected in CAD and more frequently occurred in multivessel disease. Thus this finding seems to provide additional information in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease and prediction of prognosis.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.421-429
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• 2003

Purpose : Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is commonly used to treat cancer patients as adjunct treatment, but if the microvascular tissue transfer is performed simulataneously with cancer resection surgery, the induction chemotherapy might affect the survival rate of vascularized free flap. Our study will focus on the effect of induction chemotherapy on the free flaps which were made on white rat abdomen after injection of 5-FU. Materials and Methods: The experimental rat groups were divided into three groups (total 24 rats) as a normal control group, 24 hrs group after 5-FU injection, 3 days group after 5-FU injection. Inferior abdominal island flaps of 8 Sprague Dawley rats on each group were made and immediately were induced into an ischemic state by clamping the supplying inferior epigastric artery and vein with microvascular clamp for a hour to induce a similiar free flap circumstance, then the inferior abdominal skin flaps were reperfused by releasing the clamps. The flaps on abdomen were repositioned and sutured. The experimental data for flap survival rate was collected by digital photo taking, analysed by computer image program to compare with the flap luminosity. The rats were sacrificed at 3 days, 5 days, 7 days after flap preparation and specimens of the flap were taken and stained with H-E staining. The microscopic finding was made under magnification of 200 and 400. Results: 1. Gross findings on each groups showed the healing condition was good as following sequences; normal, 24 hrs group after chemotherapy, 3 days group after chemotherpy. 2. The values of flap luminosity for evaluation of flap survival rate also showed the same sequences as gross findings of healing state. 3. The microscopic findings of epidermis necrosis, inflammation state, dermis fibrosis, vessel change, fatty tissue layer thinning were compared with each group. The 3 days group after chemotherapy showed remarkably poor healing condition compared to other groups. Conclusion: Chemotherapy agents affected the healing process of free flap, but healing condition was recovered spontaneously as post-injection periods passed out. In opposite to our expectation, 3 days group showed the bad flap condition in comparing with 24 hours group which was considered as immatured body circulation state of chemotherapy agent. It showed that 3 weeks in human being after chemotherapy was not proper as timing of microvascular tissue transfer if 3 days group in rat was considered as same healing period of 3 weeks in human being. More delayed healing timing than 3 weeks might be required in clinical application of free tissue transfer.