• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.285-294
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• 2002

연약지반상에 제방 성토시 예상되는 연약지반의 측방유동을 적극 억지할 수 있는 성토지지말뚝공법은 말뚝두부에 캡을 설치하는 형태에 따라 크게 말뚝슬래브공법, 캡보말뚝공법 및 단독캡말뚝공법으로 구분할 수 있다. 이들 공법중 캡보말뚝공법 및 단독캡말뚝공법에서는 성토지지말뚝과 지반간의 상대적인 강성차이로 인해 성토지반 속에 지반아치가 발생하게 되고, 대부분의 성토하중은 발달된 지반아치를 통해 말뚝으로 전달된다. 두 공법에서 발생되는 지반아치의 차이는 그 형태가 캡보말뚝공법의 경우 터널의 형태와 유사하게 2차원적이고, 단독캡말뚝공법에서는 돔의 형태와 유사하게 3차원적이라는 것이다. 따라서 이 두 경우의 지반아치로 인한 성토지지말뚝의 하중분담효과에 관한 이론식을 각각 유도 제안하여 비교하였으며, 두 이론식의 타당성을 입증하기 위한 일련의 모형실험을 수행하였다.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.147-153
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• 2000

Soft tissue defects of the dorsum of foot and ankle can be covered from skin graft to free tissue transfer. The extent of injury which may be complex including the exposure of paratenons or bones requires free flap reconstruction. Some of the precautions for reconstruction are providing minimal bulkiness and well conforming to irregular contour thus making normal footwear possible. Though the muscle flap having its advantages and versatility, the fascial flap such as temporoparietal fascial flap has been considered the choice for reconstruction of the dorsum of foot and ankle. The purpose of our study is to utilize the advantages and versatility of the muscle flap as a first choice for reconstruction for the defects involving the dorsum of foot and ankle. The gracilis muscle with its anatomic and donor characteristics, it can be utilized to maximal effect by expanding its slim muscle width removing the epimysium and reducing its bulk by muscle atrophy through denervation. We present our experience with ten cases of reconstruction for the dorsum of foot and ankle using the gracilis muscle free flap. Results were satisfactory without flap loss, skin loss and infection. The contour and aesthetic aspect of the foot was satisfactory. Gait analysis showed near normal gait without limitations from everyday activities. Normal footwear was tolerable in all the cases. The keys to consider in the reconstruction of the dorsum of foot and ankle are appropriate bulkiness, conforming to its contour and able to apply normal footwear. With minimal donor morbidity and satisfying results, the extended gracilis muscle should be considered as the first line for reconstruction of the ankle and dorsum of foot.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.48-51
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• 2007

There could be several methods for trochanteric reconstruction including local flap, pedicled perforator flaps, free flap, etc. We performed greater trochanteric reconstruction with lumbar artery perforator free flap in some aberrant method. So we report this experience with review of literatures. A 42-year-old man visited our hospital with a large soft tissue defect in his left greater trochanteric area by traffic accident. The patient had wide skin and soft tissue defect combined with open femur fracture. During one month period of admission, he underwent femur open reduction and wound debridement four times. After that we planned thoracodorsal perforator free flap reconstruction. The flap was outlined as large as $20{\times}15\;cm$ and elevated in a suprafascial plane from the lateral border. During intramuscular perforator dissection, we found that two 1.5 mm diametered perforator vessels coursed inferomedially toward second lumbar region. Finally the flap became lumbar artery perforator flap based on second lumbar artery perforator as a main pedicle. After flap transfer, the perforator vessels were connected with inferior gluteal artery and vein microsurgically. The operation was successful without uneventful course. We found no significant postoperative complication and donor site morbidity during six months follow up periods. Lumbar artery perforator flap could be an alternative procedure for thoracodorsal perforator flap in some patients with anatomic variant features.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.309-314
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• 2007

오르트 구름을 출발하여 태양계 안쪽으로 들어오는 혜성 가운데 오르트 구름으로 되돌아가지 못하고, 태양에 매우 근접하여 태양에 충돌해 버리거나 강한 중력에 의해 쪼개져 사라지는 혜성을 sungrazing comet이라고 한다. 태양에 가까워지면서 태양열에 의해 혜성의 얼음이 승화되면서 그 존재를 확인하게 되는데, 태양풍의 고전리된 중원소이온과 충돌에 의한 전하교환의 상호 작용에 의해 혜성에서 발생하는 가스량과 X-선 방출량을 기존 모델(Mendis & Flammer 1984, Cravens 1997)을 적용하여 근사 계산한 결과, 혜성핵의 반지름이 1km 정도인 경우 태양으로부터 거리가 태양반경의 3배 이내인 거리에서 GOES 위성의 X-선 망원경으로 탐지가능한 것으로 보인다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제47권5호
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• pp.451-459
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• 2020

Background For volar soft tissue defects of the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint, free flaps are technically challenging, but have more esthetic and functional advantages than local or distant flaps. In this study, we compared the long-term surgical outcomes of arterial (hypothenar, thenar, or second toe plantar) and venous free flaps for volar defects of the PIP joint. Methods This was a single-center retrospective review of free flap coverage of volar defects between the distal interphalangeal and metacarpophalangeal joint from July 2010 to August 2019. Patients with severe crush injuries (degloving, tendon or bone defects, or comminuted/intra-articular fractures), thumb injuries, multiple-joint and finger injuries, dorsal soft tissue defects, and defects >6 cm in length were excluded from the study, as were those lost to follow-up within 6 months. Thirteen patients received arterial (hypothenar, thenar, or second toe plantar) free flaps and 12 received venous free flaps. Patients' age, follow-up period, PIP joint active range of motion (ROM), extension lag, grip-strength ratio of the injured to the uninjured hand, and Quick Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder & Hand (QuickDASH) score were compared between the groups. Results Arterial free flaps showed significantly higher PIP joint active ROM (P=0.043) and lower extension lag (P =0.035) than venous free flaps. The differences in flexion, grip strength, and QuickDASH scores were not statistically significant. Conclusions The surgical outcomes of arterial free flaps were superior to those of venous free flaps for volar defects of the PIP joint.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.539-542
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• 2005

Reconstructions of soft tissue defect of the posterior ankle including Achilles the tendon should take into account not only coverage but functional outcome. Various methods of tendon transfer and tendon graft have been reported as a single-stage procedure. With advances and refinements in microsurgical techniques, several free composite flaps including tendon, fascia, or nerve have been used in single-stage reconstructions of large defects in this area minimizing further damage to the traumatized leg. However, when free flap is not feasible for some reasons, this cannot be accomplished successfully. Here we present a patient with Achilles tendon and circumferential large soft tissue defect. Because of circulatory compromise of the lower extremity, free flap reconstruction could not be applied. Instead, cross-leg composite flap of the dorsalis pedis flap including the extensor hallucis brevis musle and tendon, and tendon strips of the Second, third and fourth extensor digitorum logus were employed, Functional reconstruction of the tendon and resurfacing were obtained at the same time. The flap was detached 3 weeks postoperatively, and the transplanted flap has survived without any complications. By 3 months after surgery, full weight bearing, tip-toe standing and even walking without crutch assistance was possible. When functional reconstruction with the free flap is unattainable in the large defect of the posterior ankle including the Achilles tendon, cross-leg composite island flap of dorsalis pedis flap and tendon strips of the extensor digitorum longus tendon is a viable alternative.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.118-124
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• 2008

Skin sooty dapple disease, a fungal disease that lowers Asian pear fruit quality, has emerged recently in Korea but has not yet been thoroughly characterized. This disease affects the surface of fruit, leaves, and young shoots of the Asian pear, typically appearing as a dark or pale black dapple on the fruit surface. The disease initiates on the fruit with small circular lesions that become bigger, eventually spreading to form large circular or indefinite lesions. Sparse dark or flourishing white-greyish aerial mycelia and appearance of a dark or pale black dapple on the fruit surface are typical signs of this disease. The disease was severe during cold storage of the Niitaka and Chuhwangbae varieties, but more limited on the Gamcheonbae and Hwangkeumbae varieties. To identify causal pathogens, 123 fungal isolates were obtained from lesions. The fungi that caused typical skin sooty dapple disease symptoms in our bioassay were identified. Based on their morphological characteristics, 74% of the isolates were Cladosporium sp. and 5-7 % of the isolates were Leptosphaerulina sp., Tripospermum sp., or Tilletiopsis sp. None of the isolates caused severe soft rot by injection to a wound plug, but some of the Cladosporium sp. isolates caused mild maceration. Therefore this microbiol complex cannot account for the soft rot also observed in stored fruits. The high frequency of isolation of Cladosporium sp. from disease tissues and bioassay on pear fruit surface suggest that Cladosporium sp. could be a major pathogen in the microbial complex associated with skin sooty dapple disease of the Asian pear in Korea.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.27-36
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• 2000

February 1995 to September 1999, authors have experienced seven cases of infected nonunion of tibial fractures with associated soft tissue injury and skin defect, and have accomplished union in all cases by free vascularized fibular graft. All grafts healed with no radiographic evidence of bone necrosis or resorption and have been able to treat large bony defect and skin defect simultaneously. In this study, five cases of vascularized free fibular osteocutaneous flap transfer and two cases of free fibular graft are reported. All of seven cases were infected nonunion of tibia. The results were obtained as follows 1) The mean duration of the radiologic bone union was average 5.3months. 2) Grafted fibular has been hypertrophied, average 10.6 months. 3) In five cases of preservation of posterior cortex of tibia, bony union and hypertrophy of grafted bone were earlier than that two cases of complete segmental resection of tibia. 4) In two cases which only free vascularized fibular graft were performed because achievement of cutaneous flap was failed, authors found that soft tissue defect was filled with granulation tissue and split-thickness skin graft was possible over the granulation tissue after 3 weeks postoperatively.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.55-64
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• 2003

흙의 건조현상은 기상조건에 지배받는 evaporativity와 지반의 물 전달 능력에 지배받는 evaporability의 영향을 받는다. 지표면증발은 점토로 매립된 지반에서 건설장비의 주행성을 확보하기 위해서는 필요불가결한 요소이다. 본 논문에서는 준설 점토 지반에서의 증발현상을 규명할 수 있는 모델을 제시하였다. 이 모델은 포화토 및 불포화토에서의 수분과 물의 이동 및 열전달에 대한 식으로 구성되어 있다. 흙수분 특성곡선을 구하기 위하여 압력판추출시험(pressure plate extractor test)과 데시케이터실험이 수행되었으며 일차원 증발현상을 규명하기 위하여 컬럼증발실험을 수행하였다. 체적이 변하는 흙에서의 물, 증기 및 열전달 비선형 미분방정식을 풀기 위하여 유한차분프로그램을 개발하였으며 실험결과와 이론해를 비교하였다.

• 대한디지털의료영상학회논문지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.127-132
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• 2010

In this study, the correlation among the changes of Modulation Transfer Function(MTF) in the noise and high-contrast resolution and the change of Contrast to noise ratio(CNR) in the low-contrast resolution will be examined to investigate the estimation of image quality according to the type of algorithms. The image data obtained by scanning American Association of Physicists in Medicine(AAPM) phantom was applied to each algorithm and the exposure condition of 120 kVp, 250 mAs, and then the CT number and noise were measured. The MTF curved line of the high-contrast resolution was calculated with Point Spread Function(PSF) by using the analysis program by Philips, resulting in 0.5 MTF, 0.1 MTF and 0.02 MTF respectively. The low-contrast resolution was calculated with CNR and the uniformity was measured to each algorithm. Since the measurement value for the uniformity of the equipment was below ${\pm}$ 5 HU, which is the criterion figure, it was found to belong to the normal range. As the algorithm got closer from soft to edge, the standard deviation of CT number increased, which indicates that the noise increased as well. As for MTF, 0.5 MTF, 0.1 MTF and 0.02 MTF were all sharp algorithms, and as the algorithm got closer from soft to edge, it was possible to distinguish more clearly with the naked eye. On the other hand, CNR gradually decreased, because the difference between the contrast hole CT number and the acrylic CT number was the same while the noise of hole increased.