• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.33-36
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• 2011

In process of fabrication of a fixed partial denture, dies are trimmed to expose margins of the preparations. The need for the soft tissue cast is quite evident as the soft tissue emergence profile that surrounds the prepared tooth is destroyed in the process of fabrication. This article describes a modified technique to fabricate the soft tissue cast for the conventional fixed partial denture. The impression made with the polyvinylsiloxane was first poured to prepare the die cast. After retrieval of the cast, the same impression was poured second time with the resin based resilient material to cover the facial and proximal gingival areas. The remaining portion of the impression was poured with the gypsum material. This technique does not require additional clinical appointment, second impression procedure, technique sensitive manipulations with impression, or cumbersome laboratory procedures. The simplicity of this technique facilitates and justifies its routine use in fabrication of the fixed partial denture.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.351-361
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• 1997

This study was performed to evaluate the change of the soft tissue facial profile after mandibular set back surgery during time intervals. For this study, 33 patient, 8 males and 25 females, were selected and their lateral cephalograms were taken and analyzed periodically. Hard and soft tissue changes during postoperative time intervals, correlation between surgical skeletal changes and postoperative soft tissue changes, and prediction for long-term soft tissue changes were established through varying statistical methods. The results were as follow : 1. There were meaningful changes of anteroposterior skeletal position at 6 months and 2 years after mandibular set back by mandibular ramus osteotomy. Two years postoperatively, there was 30%, 32%, 29% relapse on B point, pogonion, menton each. 2. Two years after the mandibular ramus osteotomy, the relative changes of the soft tissue to their osseous counterparts showed 76% on the lower lip and 91% on the pogonion. 3. The movements of the mandibular landmarks in correlation to anteroposterior position of the lower lip and soft tissue of the chin showed to be effective on a long-term basis. 4. Using surgical changes of pogonion, prediction of changes in soft and hard tissue pogonion was useful and the coefficient of determination was 0.46 each and their reliability decreased 2 years postoperatively. 5. The upper lip position after the mandibular set back surgery was somewhat anterior 2 years postoperatively, but that has no statistical meanings.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.32 no.8 s.303
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• pp.581-587
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• 1994

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.38 no.4 s.371
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• pp.369-377
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• 2000

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.302-308
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• 2011

Purpose: The emergence profile concept of an implant restoration is one of the most important factors for the esthetics and health of peri-implant soft tissue. This paper reports on two cases of gingival recontouring by the fabrication of a provisional implant restoration to produce an optimal emergence profile of a definitive implant restoration. Methods: After the second surgery, a preliminary impression was taken to make a soft tissue working cast. A provisional crown was fabricated on the model. The soft tissue around the implant fixture on the model was trimmed with a laboratory scalpel to produce the scalloped gingival form. Light curing composite resin was added to fill the space between the provisional crown base and trimmed gingiva. After 4 to 6 weeks, the final impression was taken to make a definitive implant restoration, where the soft tissue and tooth form were in harmony with the adjacent tooth. Results: At the first insertion of the provisional restoration, gum bleaching revealed gingival pressure. Four to six weeks after placing the provisional restoration, the gum reformed with harmony between the peri-implant gingiva and adjacent dentition. Conclusions: Gingival recontouring with a provisional implant restoration is a non-surgical and non-procedure-sensitive method. The implant restoration with the optimal emergence profile is expected to provide superior esthetic and functional results.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.177-183
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• 1983

The soft tissue covering of the face plays an important role in facial esthetics, speech and other physiologic functions. Thus, it is recognised by all clinical orthodontists that success of orthodontic treatment is closely related to the changes in soft tissues of the face. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the changes of bony and soft tissues in prepost treatment of Angle's Class III malocclusion. The sample consisted of 18 males and 37 females, pretreatment age of 9 years to 11 years. For this study 11 landmarks were plotted, 14 linear length, 4 soft tissue thickness and 2 angles were measured. The obtained results were as follows; 1. In the linear measurements of bony and soft tissue changes, A, Is, Ss, Ls and Li were located more anteriorly in both sexes. However Si and B showed more remarkable anterior movement in female. 2. In the comparison of the changes of the soft tissue thickness, Ss and Li in male subjects and Ss in female subjects increased. 3. In the degree of correlation between changes in the soft tissue profile and changes in the skeletal profile, Is: Ls, Il: Li and B: Si in both sexes had significant correlations. However A:Ss had remarkable significant correlation in female. 4. There were significant correlations between change in ${\angle}A$ and change in ${\angle}B$ in all sexes. 5. There were little correlation between changes in distance difference of Is and Ii and Change in distance difference of Ls and Li in all sexes.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.11-22
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• 2018

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine cephalometric factors that help predict favorable soft-tissue profile outcomes following treatment with the Class II Twin-block appliance. Methods: Pre- and post-treatment lateral cephalograms of 45 patients treated with the Class II Twin-block appliance were retrospectively analyzed. Profile silhouettes were drawn from the cephalograms and evaluated by three orthodontists in order to determine the extent of improvement. Samples were divided into a favorable group (upper 30% of visual analogue scale [VAS] scores, n = 14) and an unfavorable group (lower 30% of VAS scores, n = 14). Skeletal and soft-tissue measurements were performed on the cephalograms and an intergroup comparison was conducted. Results: An independent t-test revealed that the following pre-treatment values were lower in the favorable group compared to the unfavorable group: lower incisor to mandibular plane angle, lower incisor to pogonion distance, point A-nasion-point B angle, sella-nasion line (SN) to maxillary plane angle, SN to mandibular plane angle, gonial angle, and symphysis inclination. The favorable group had a larger incisor inclination to occlusal plane. Moreover, the favorable group showed larger post-treatment changes in gonial angle, B point projection, and pogonion projection than did the unfavorable group. Conclusions: Class II malocclusion patients with a low divergent skeletal pattern and reduced lower incisor protrusions are likely to show more improvement in soft-tissue profile outcomes following Class II Twin-block treatment.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.161-172
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• 1984

This study was undertaken to evaluate the cephalometric changes of the soft tissue and skeletal profile subsequent 10 the rapid palatal expansion in 25 Angle's Class III cases, ranging in age from six to fifteen years, with cross-bite of the anterior teeth, underdevelopment of maxilla and facial disharmony Following results were obtained: 1. ANS moved downward, Point A presented forward & downward movement increasing SNA and Point B presented backward & downward movement decreasing SNB. 2. Mandible was rotated to backward & forward and maxilla moved forward & downward with the bite opening and improvement of anterior teeth cross-bite. 3. Soft tissue on mandible was rotated to backward & forward following hard tissue changes causing the decrease of facial convexity angle and backward & downward rotation of Point B', Pog'. 4. Response of the upper lip was more significant in downward than forward direction, and correlated with the upper central incisor and mandible rotation. 5. Response of the lower lip was more significant in downward than backward direction, and correlated with the mandible rotation. 6. There was a rather high degree of correlation between skeletal profile and soft-tissue profile, 1 : LS, $\bar{1}$:Pog', Pog:LS, Pog:LI, Pog:Pog' in horizontal measurements and $\bar{1}$:Pog', Pog:LI, Pog:Pog' in vertical measurements.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.21 no.1 s.33
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• pp.131-170
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• 1991

This study was designed to analyze morphological characteristics of Korean young adults, norms and standard deviation of variables, sexual differences, correlationship between each area of face and correlationship between hard tissue and soft tissue. The primary sample consisted of 45 males and 57 females who were early and middle twenties and had acceptable profile, no history of previous orthodontic treatment, absence of remarkably large overjet and overbite, full complement of permanent teeth, Class I skeletal and dental relationships and good vertical facial proportions. Their cephalograms were analyzed morphologically with a computer morphometrics. Then the final sample - 25 males and 38 females - were selected within 1 S.D. of E-line, ANB, P/A facial height ratio, Interincisal angle, L1 to A-Pog, ODI and APDI. The results of the study were as follows: 1 In the form and proportion of facial skeleton there were no significant differences between males and females, but in the size males were larger than females. 2. The dental protrusion patterns had no significant sexual difference and no significant correlationship between protrusion of upper lip and inclination of upper incisor. But mentolabial angle had positively correlated with interincisal angle and negatively with inclination of upper and lower incisor. 3. In the relationship between nose and soft-tissue profile, males were larger than females in nasal length, height and angular measurements. 4. In analysis of soft-tissue profile, males were larger than females in the length and thickness. In the angular measurements and proportion of soft-tissue profile, there were no significant differences between males and females.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.30 no.1 s.78
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• pp.101-114
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the soft-tissue profile changes from 24 to 32 yews of age in Korean adults. The subjects used in this study consisted of 17 males and 8 females. The data obtained from the lateral cephalograms taken at age 24 and 32, were analyzed statistically. The obtained results were as follows : 1. During the observation period, there were no significant changes in the hard-tissue measurements in both sexes (p>0.05). 2. In the anteroposterior measurements of soft-tissue, the males had significant increase in chin area (Pog', Gn'), and the females had significant decrease in lower lip (LI) (p<0.05). 3. In the vertical measurements of soft-tissue, both sexes showed the increased tendency in upper lip length (Sn-Sto) where the males showed significant increase (p<0.05). The lower facial height (Sn-Gn') turned out significant increase in both sexes (p<0.05). 4. In general, the females and males had the increased tendency in soft-tissue thickness, especially significant increase in chin area (Pog', Gn') (p<0.05).