• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제61권2호
• /
• pp.283-293
• /
• 2017

The main contribution of the present paper is to propose an intelligent fuzzy inference system approach for modeling the debonding strength of masonry elements retrofitted with Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP). To achieve this, the hybrid of meta-heuristic optimization methods and adaptive-network-based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) is implemented. In this study, particle swarm optimization with passive congregation (PSOPC) and real coded genetic algorithm (RCGA) are used to determine the best parameters of ANFIS from which better bond strength models in terms of modeling accuracy can be generated. To evaluate the accuracy of the proposed PSOPC-ANFIS and RCGA-ANFIS approaches, the numerical results are compared based on a database from laboratory testing results of 109 sub-assemblages. The statistical evaluation results demonstrate that PSOPC-ANFIS in comparison with ANFIS-RCGA considerably enhances the accuracy of the ANFIS approach. Furthermore, the comparison between the proposed approaches and other soft computing methods indicate that the approaches can effectively predict the debonding strength and that their modeling results outperform those based on the other methods.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한전자공학회 2001년도 제14회 신호처리 합동 학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.249-252
• /
• 2001

TCM(Trellis Coded Modulation) has soft decision scheme so that BM(Branch Metric) calculates the ED(Euclidean Distance) between the received signal and each code words in signal space. For computing the ED, square and square root computations increase the hardware complexity. Some simplified method is known for convolutional codes with QPSK(Quadrature Phase Shift Keying), PSK(Phase Shift Keying) modulation. But it is not acceptable for QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation)-TCM scheme. In this paper, we suggest that two modified BM computation methods, which is applicable for QAM-TCM. By comparative study, we also assessed two proposed method in the case of hardware complexity and BER (Bit Error Rate) performance.

• KIEAE Journal
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.21-28
• /
• 2014

This paper provides the up to date review of the shading effects on PV module performance and the associated detection algorithm related to the maximum power point tracking. It includes the brief explanations of the MMP variations due to the shading occurrence on the PV modules. Review of experimental and simulation studies highlighting the significant impacts of shading on PV efficiencies were presented. The literature indicates that even the partial shading of a single cell can greatly drop the entire module voltage and power efficiency. The MMP tracking approaches were also reviewed in this study. Both conventional and advanced soft computing methods such as ANN, FLC and EA were described for the proper tracking of MMP under shaded conditions. This paper would be the basic source and the comprehensive information associated with the shading effects and relevant MPP tracking technique.

• 국제학술발표논문집
• /
• The 5th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
• /
• pp.502-506
• /
• 2013

The cash flow forecasting is normally done by contractors in construction industry at early stages of the project for contractual decisions. The decision making in such situations involve uncertainty about future cash flows and assessment of working capital requirements gains more importance in projects constrained by cash. The traditional approach to assess the working capital requirements is deterministic in and neglects the uncertainty. This paper presents an alternate approach to assessment of working capital requirements for contractor based on fuzzy set theory by considering the uncertainty and ambiguity involved at payment periods. Statistical methods are used to deal with the uncertainty for working capital curves. Membership functions of the fuzzy sets are developed based on these statistical measures. Advantage of fuzzy peak working capital requirements is demonstrated using peak working capital requirements curves. Fuzzy peak working capital requirements curves are compared with deterministic curves and the results are analyzed. Fuzzy weighted average methodology is proposed for the assessment of peak working capital requirements.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제75권5호
• /
• pp.633-642
• /
• 2020

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are known as intelligent methods for modeling the behavior of physical phenomena because of it is a soft computing technique and takes data samples rather than entire data sets to arrive at solutions, which saves both time and money. ANN is successfully used in the civil engineering applications which are suitable examining the complicated relations between variables. Functionally graded materials (FGMs) are advanced composites that successfully used in various engineering design. The FGMs are nonhomogeneous materials and made of two different type of materials. In the present study, the bending analysis of functionally graded material (FGM) beams presents on theoretical based on combination of mixed-finite element method, Gâteaux differential and Timoshenko beam theory. The main idea in this study is to build a model using ANN with four parameters that are: Young's modulus ratio (E_t/E_b), a shear correction factor (k_s), power-law exponent (n) and length to thickness ratio (L/h). The output data is the maximum displacement (w). In the experiments: 252 different data are used. The proposed ANN model is evaluated by the correlation of the coefficient (R), MAE and MSE statistical methods. The ANN model is very good and the maximum displacement can be predicted in ANN without attempting any experiments.

• Computers and Concrete
• /
• 제23권1호
• /
• pp.49-60
• /
• 2019

In recent years, multiple experimental studies have been performed on using fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) bars in reinforced concrete (RC) structural members. FRP bars provide a new type of reinforcement that avoids the corrosion of traditional steel reinforcement. In this study, predicting the shear strength of RC beams with FRP longitudinal bars using artificial neural networks (ANNs) is investigated as a different approach from the current specific codes. An ANN model was developed using the experimental data of 104 FRP-RC specimens from an existing database in the literature. Seven different input parameters affecting the shear strength of FRP bar reinforced RC beams were selected to create the ANN structure. The most convenient ANN algorithm was determined as traingdx. The results from current codes (ACI440.1R-15 and JSCE) and existing literature in predicting the shear strength of FRP-RC beams were investigated using the identical test data. The study shows that the ANN model produces acceptable predictions for the ultimate shear strength of FRP-RC beams (maximum $R^2{\approx}0.97$). Additionally, the ANN model provides more accurate predictions for the shear capacity than the other computed methods in the ACI440.1R-15, JSCE codes and existing literature for considering different performance parameters.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:컴퓨팅의 실제 및 레터
• /
• 제6권4호
• /
• pp.411-420
• /
• 2000

CDMA 이동 통신 시스템의 소프트 핸드오프의 성능에 잠재적으로 영향을 줄 수 있는 요소들은 핸드오프 관련 시스템 파라미터 (T_ADD, T_DROP, T_COMP, T_TDROP) 이외에도 가입자의 이동성, 서비스 지역, 기지국의 용량 등 여러 가지가 있다. 이동 통신에서 핸드오프가 차지하는 중요성으로 인하여, 여러 가지 핸드오프 방식이 제안되었고, 제안된 방식의 우수성을 시뮬레이션 프로그램을 수행하여 실험적으로 증명하기 위한 연구가 많이 행하여졌지만, 핸드오프 관련 시스템 파라미터, 가입자의 이동성과 환경, 기지국 용량 등을 어떻게 모델링하였느냐에 따라 시뮬레이션의 객관성과 신빙성이 달라진다. 본 논문은 이동국의 속도를 고려하여 소프트 핸드오프의 지연 시간을 제어하는 새로운 핸드오프 방식을 제안하고, 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션을 이용하여 이 방식과 기존 방식을 비교 분석한 연구에 관하여 논한다. 시뮬레이션 결과는 이동국의 속도 이외에도 이동 영역과 방향에 따라 핸드오프 방식의 성능이 현저하게 다르게 나타날 수 있다는 것을 보였다. 구체적으로, 본 논문에서 제안한 핸드오프 방식의 성능은 자유 이동을 하는 이동국의 경우에 기존 방식보다 우수하지만, 이동 영역과 방향이 제한된 이동을 하는 이동국의 경우에 기존방식과 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 같은 핸드오프 방식이라도 서비스 지역을 2차원 공간으로 모델링하였느냐 아니면 3차원 공간으로 모델링하였느냐에 따라서 시뮬레이션 결과가 달랐다. 따라서, 핸드오프의 성능 분석 연구에서 이동국의 이동성 모델이 중요하며, 특히 이동 통신 시뮬레이션 연구에서 그 동안 무시되었던 이동국의 이동 영역과 방향성도 중요한 이동성의 특성으로서 고려되어야 할 것을 시사한다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
• /
• 제29권4D호
• /
• pp.555-561
• /
• 2009

굴착된 터널 형상 재현에서 단면의 종단 데이터는 터널의 유지를 위해서는 아주 중요하다. 터널이 완성되기전에 설계된 모델을 고려한 완성된 터널의 변형이 고려되어져야 한다. 그리고 변형은 터널 단면 전체를 따라 연속적으로 나타날 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 먼저 수학적 분석으로 접근하였고, 그것을 관측된 터널단면 데이터에 실험 하였다. 그 다음 선추적 방법, 유전자 알고리즘, 패턴 추적 방법 등으로 3D 터널 형상 재현을 비교하였다. 수학적 방법론은 철도 터널과 같은 간단한 원통형은 쉽게 해결이 되었으나, 도로터널과 같은 더욱 복잡한 모델(복심 곡선형과 비원통형)은 구속된 상태하에서 소프트 컴퓨팅 툴을 가지고 해결할 수 있었다. 유전자 알고리즘과 직접탐색법은 많은 계산 시간이 걸렸으나 복잡한 상태하에서 더욱 유연함을 보였으며, 선추적 방법은 초기값들이 제한된 범위 하에서 가장 빠르게 계산되어졌다.

• ETRI Journal
• /
• 제39권2호
• /
• pp.173-180
• /
• 2017

Multimodal medical image fusion is the process of retrieving valuable information from medical images. The primary goal of medical image fusion is to combine several images obtained from various sources into a distinct image suitable for improved diagnosis. Complexity in medical images is higher, and many soft computing methods are applied by researchers to process them. Intuitionistic fuzzy sets are more appropriate for medical images because the images have many uncertainties. In this paper, a new method, based on Sugeno's intuitionistic fuzzy set (SIFS), is proposed. First, medical images are converted into Sugeno's intuitionistic fuzzy image (SIFI). An exponential intuitionistic fuzzy entropy calculates the optimum values of membership, non-membership, and hesitation degree functions. Then, the two SIFIs are disintegrated into image blocks for calculating the count of blackness and whiteness of the blocks. Finally, the fused image is rebuilt from the recombination of SIFI image blocks. The efficiency of the use of SIFS in multimodal medical image fusion is demonstrated on several pairs of images and the results are compared with existing studies in recent literature.

• 국제학술발표논문집
• /
• The 5th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
• /
• pp.531-538
• /
• 2013

The coordination and control of construction projects is vital if a project is to be a success. Almost all analysis has shown that these can only be achieved if good quality communication can be maintained on a construction site. This research focuses on the role that tablet computers could play in enhancing this communication. The following points are investigated in this paper: (a) Whether a tablet computer can enable users to monitor project progress more efficiently than traditional methods, (b) How the tablet computer fits within the project management iron triangle in construction, (c) The two different psychological impacts of information transmission for the end user using a tablet computer (i) The expectancy to transmit information frequently and rapidly from tablet computer users to project members whilst working onsite (ii) The mode of information transmission to the cognition of the transmitted information to the tablet computer. Through the use of structured interviews and questionnaires, the opinions of individuals within various disciplines in construction were canvassed. The approach adopted in this paper deals with understanding both the soft and hard issues for deploying such a system. This research enabled the authors to develop a base framework incorporating the key factors which are relevant for implementing a tablet computer based on information flows primarily.