• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.23-29
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• 2000

Acquired Hallux varus is defined radiographically by a negative metatarsophalangeal angle and clinically by adduction of the hallux on the first metatarsal and most commonly occurs after hallux valgus surgery. It's the prevalence has ranged from 2% to 17%. We report a case of hallux varus resulted from weakening of support of lateral soft tissue and resection of an excessive amount of the metatarsal head during a bunionectomy after initial correction of hallux valgus. We corrected the hallux varus deformity using transfer of extensor hallucis brevis tendon with reconstruction os lateral capsule.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.199-211
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• 2011

Using computational modeling, we design a pair of biomimetic microcapsules that exploit chemical mechanisms to communicate and alter their local environment. As a result, these synthetic objects can undergo autonomous, directed motion. In the simulations, signaling microcapsules release "agonist" particles, while target microcapsules release "antagonist" particles and the permeabilities of both capsule types depend on the local particle concentration in the surrounding solution. Additionally, the released nanoscopic particles can bind to the underlying substrate and thereby create adhesion gradients that propel the microcapsules to move. Hydrodynamic interactions and the feedback mechanism provided by the dissolved particles are both necessary to achieve the cooperative behavior exhibited by these microcapsules. Our model provides a platform for integrating both the spatial and temporal behavior of assemblies of "artificial cells", and allows us to design a rich variety of structures capable of exhibiting complex dynamics. Due to the cell-like attributes of polymeric microcapsules and polymersomes, material systems are available for realizing our predictions.

• The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology
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• v.72 no.6
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• pp.277-280
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• 2018

Although small bowel the mainly occupies the most part of the gastrointestinal tract, small intestine tumors are rare, insidious in clinical presentation, and frequently represent a diagnostic and management challenge. Small bowel tumors are generally classified as epithelial, mesenchymal, lymphoproliferative, or metastatic. Familial adenomatous polyposis and Peutz-Jeghers syndrome are the most common inherited intestinal polyposis syndromes. Until the advent of capsule endoscopy (CE) and device-assisted enteroscopy (DAE) coupled with the advances in radiology, physicians had limited diagnostic examination for small bowel examination. CE and new radiologic imaging techniques have made it easier to detect small bowel tumors. DAE allows more diagnosis and deeper reach in small intestine. CT enteroclysis/CT enterography (CTE) provides information about adjacent organs as well as pictures of the intestinal lumen side. Compared to CTE, Magnetic resonance enteroclysis/enterography provides the advantage of soft tissue contrast and multiplane imaging without radiation exposure. Treatment and prognosis are tailored to each histological subtype of tumors.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.312.1-312.1
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• 2003

Silybin is the main component of Cardus marianus extracts (Silymarin) originated from Silybum marianum, called as milk thistle. It has a hepato-protective effect and is used clinically for the treatment of liver disease. But it is water-insoluble and is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, resulting in very low oral bioavailability. Polymeric mixed-micelle precursor formulation containing surfactants, co-solvents, and block-co polymers with Cardus marianus extracts was made to enhance the dissolution rate of silybin and encapsulated with soft gelatin capsule. (omitted)

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.598-603
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• 1992

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of three formulations; product A (polyethylene glycol was used as a main dispersing agent), product B (wax mixture was used as a main dispersing agent) and product C(silicon dioxide was used as a main dispersing agent) on bioavailability of acetaminophen soft gelatin capsules(softgels) and to develop an effective acetaminophen softgel which exhibits an excellent bioavailability. Acetaminophen softgels of various formulations were prepared as 4 minim round type by rotary die method. Four softgels of the three formulation (A, B, C), each of which contained 50 mg acetaminophen, were administered orally to 12 normal healthy rabbits using a three-way cross over design. Plasma acetaminophen concentrations were measured by HPLC. The results obtained in this study were as follows: 1. The Tmax rank order of acetaminophen softgel was C$(63.75{\pm}10.62\;min)$>A$(36.25{\pm}5.37\;min)$>B$(35{\pm}6.74\;min)$. 2. The decreasing Cmax order of softgel product was A$(93.51{\pm}0.55\;{\mu}g/ml)$>B$(3.16{\pm}0.37\;{\mu}g/ml)$>C$(2.6{\pm}0.55\;{\mu}g/ml)$. 3. The $[AUC]^{\infty}_0$ rank order for three acetaminophen softgel formulations was A $(14.89{\pm}1.56\;{\mu}g/ml{\cdot}min)$ >B$(14.39{\pm}1.43\;{\mu}g/ml{\cdot}min)$>C$(11.45{\pm}1.49\;{\mu}g/ml{\cdot}min)$. 4. Pharmacokinetic parameters such as Tmax, Cmax and $[AUC]^{\infty}_0$ of product A and B did not differ significantly(p>0.05). On the other hand, those of product C were significantly different(p>0.05).

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.326-329
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• 2015

This study is to develop the double capsulation technology in order to increase the conservativeness and stability of unstable materials such as vitamins, polyphenols, natural active ingredients. And also, best way of triple matrix capsulation using natural polymers were detail described. As the first capsulation with w/o/w (water-in-oil-in-water) emulsifying system, our study group was especially made to soft and moisture cream using 5wt% of sucrose ester emulsifier as first capsulation. Nutrient agents are squalane, camellia oil. Triple matrix capsulation was formed with the best stabilized bead type capsules when it blended of chitosan, algin, sodium-potassium alginate. The bead diameter size was about 2.0~4.5mm (mean diameter: 3.2mm). Activity of lactobacillus containing cream for depending on various pH variations showed that alkalinity ($pH=10.8{\pm}0.5$) condition was higher than acidity ($pH=4.2{\pm}0.2$) and neutrality ($pH=7.1{\pm}0.3$) conditions. After a month, it also was certified to the activity of lactobacillus in incubated at $37{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ in culture medium. As application of food industry, we developed the containing lactobacillus capsule and 7 colored kinds of double and triple matrix capsulation in yogurt cream and active ingredients. As for above mentioned those results, one of tool to stabilize the living lactobacillus, doubled matrix capsulation greatly be expected to contribute to food industry. Furthermore, it can be expected to apply the drug delivery system (DDS) to active ingredients of stabilizing technologies at drug, pharmaceutical division and cosmetic industry, etc.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.296-302
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• 1998

The bioequivalence of two cyclosporin A products was evaluated in 26 normal male volunteers (age 25 ~33 yr, body weight 56~84 kg) following single oral administration. Test product was a hard capsule containing the granule of cyclosporin A (Chong Kun Dang Corp., Korea) and reference product, Sandimmun", was a soft capsule containing surfactant, oil, alcohol and cyclosporin A (Sandoz, Swiss). Both products contain 100 mg of cyclosporin A. Four capsules of the test and the reference product were administered to the volunteers, respectively, by randomized two period cross-over study (2$\times$2 Latin square method). Average drug concentrations at each sampling time and pharmacokinetic parameters were not significantly different between two products (p>0.05); the area under the concentration-time curve to last sampling time (24 hr) (AU $Co_{24}$) (5034.8$\pm$ 1760.6 vs 4635.4$\pm$ 1158.9 ng . h/ml), maximum plasma concentration ( $C_{max}$) (1002.7$\pm$353.1 vs 980. 4$\pm$ 171.7 ng/71), and mean residence time (MRT) (6.16$\pm$0.81 vs 5.64$\pm$0.50 h). The differences of mean AUC 7-,4,7~, T_ and MRT between the two products (7.93,2.22,16 and 8.39%, respectively) were less than 20% given as a guideline. The power (1-$\beta$) and treatment difference ($\Delta$) for AU $Co_{24}$, $C_{max}$ and MRT were more than 0.8 and less than 0.2, respectively. Although $T_{max}$ of the two products was significantly different each other (p<0.05), $T_{max}$ might be an insignificant parameter because cyclosporin A generally requires long-term administration. From these results, the two products are bioequivalent.alent.t.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.59-67
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• 2023

Background: Posterior capsule tightness (PCT), commonly seen in overhead athletes, is a soft tissue adaptation that is also noted in non-throwers. PCT is associated with scapular and humeral kinematic alterations, significant restriction of shoulder internal rotation (IR) range of motion (ROM), and significant scapular anterior tilting. Sleeper and cross-body stretches (CBS) are suggested for PCT and IR deficits, and have been modified since introduction. A novel modified sleeper stretch (NMSS) was designed in this study to prevent the risk of anterior translation of the humeral head. Though the effects of posterior shoulder stretching exercise have been widely studies, to the best of our knowledge, no previous studies have investigated the effectiveness of posterior shoulder exercises in decreasing scapular anterior tilting. Objects: To compare the immediate effects of two posterior shoulder stretching exercises (NMSS and CBS) on scapular anterior tilting and shoulder IR ROM. Methods: Thirty-two subjects with anteriorly tilted scapula and IR deficits [mean age: 24.3 ± 2.5 years; 15 males and 17 females] participated in this study. Subjects were randomly assigned to either the NMSS or CBS groups. Scapular anterior tilting (at rest and at shoulder 60° active IR) and shoulder IR ROM were measured before and immediately after intervention. Results: Scapular anterior tilting significantly decreased, while the shoulder IR ROM significantly increased in both groups. However, there was no significant group-by-time interaction effect or significant difference between the groups. Conclusion: Both stretching exercises were effective in restoring shoulder IR ROM and decreasing scapular anterior tilting.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.11-14
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• 1982

Effect of the oil mixture on physical properties in soft capsule preparation with ginseng extract contained $36{\pm}1%$moisture content was investigated. The optimum condition was reached when it was emulsified for 5 minutes in $40^{\circ}C$ water bath at 10.000 r.p.m. by mixing with both palm shortening oil and corn oil in equal amount under agitation. Addible amount of ginseng extract was 50% for the total.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.81-86
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• 1989

Tumors originated from peripheral nerve tissues are neurofibroma, neurilemoma, plexiform neurofibroma, malignant schwannoma, and granular cell tumor. Neurofibromas seem to occur in two forms : The first one is circumscribed solitary neurofibroma and the second group is neurofibromatosis or Von Recklinghausen's disease, which is a congenital and familial disease, presenting abnormalities of the skin, nerve system, bones and soft tissue. A solitary neurofibroma is a benign, relatively circumscribed, noncapsulated tumor which often presents in the skin and subcutaneous tissue as a soft sessile or pedunculated mass. It may occur anywhere in the head and neck, but the common site of the occurrence is the tongue, buccal mucosa, palate in frequency. Since solitary neurofibroma is a relatively radioresistant and its recurrence rate seem to be low, the treatment of choice is surgical excision. The author would like to present a case of unusually large solitary neurofibroma occured in the chin, which was successfully treated with surgical excision and reconstructed using deltopectoral flap and tongue flap.