• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.343-358
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• 2013

Objectives This study aimed to observe the effect of Hyangsayangwi-tang on the cisplatin-induced gastrointestinal dysfunctions in rats. Methods Four groups(each of 8 rats per group) were used in this study. Saline and distilled water treated control rats are Intact vehicle control group. Delayed gatrointestinal mortility was induced by intraperitoneal treatment of cisplatin 2mg/kg, once a week for 5 weeks(Cisplatin control group). Hyangsayangwi-tang aqueous extracts(HY) were orally administered in a volume of 5ml/kg, once a day for 14 days from 4th ciplatin treatmernt(HY group). Ondansetron 1mg/kg was subcutaneously treated, in a volume of 1ml/kg, as same as HY(ondansetron group). We measured the body weights, intestinal charcoal transit ratio, fecal parameters, fundus MDA, GSH contents and SOD, CAT activities, TPH and MAO activities, pyloric gastrin and serotonin contents with their immunoraective cells, colonic serotonin-immunoreactive cells, the histopathology of pylorus, fundus mucosa and colon. Results and Conclusions (1) The body weight gains, the small intestinal charcoal transfer rates, the fecal parameters(numbers, weights and water contents) were increased in HY, ondansetron group. (2) The inhibit of fundus antioxidant defense systems by cisplatin were decreased in HY, ondansetron group. (3) The pyloric TPH activities were increased and the pyloric MAO activities were decreased in HY group. (4) The pyloric gastric contents and the gastrin-immunoreactive cells were increased in HY group. And the pyloric serotonin contents and the pyloric and colonic serotonin-immunoreactive cells were decreased in HY group. (5) The pyloru atrophic changes and the gastric surface erosive damage regions by cisplatin were favorably inhibited by treatment of HY. HY, a representative Soeumin prescription improve GI dysfunctions and constipation retarded by cisplatin through modulations of GI enterochromaffin cells, serotonin and gastrin-producing cells and antioxidative systems. Especially HY showed the highest favorable effects more than those of ondansetron.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.102-108
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• 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: In Oriental medicine, certain foods may be beneficial or detrimental based on an individual's constitution; however, the scientific basis for this theory is insufficient. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of body constitution, based on the Sasang type of Korean traditional medical classification system, on the bioavailability of soy isoflavones of Cheonggukjang, a quick-fermented soybean paste. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A pilot study was conducted on 48 healthy Korean men to evaluate the bioavailability of isoflavone after ingestion of food based on constitution types classified by the Sasang typology. The participants were classified into the Taeeumin (TE; n = 15), Soyangin (SY; n = 15), and Soeumin (SE; n = 18) groups. Each participant ingested 50 g of Cheonggukjang per 60 kg body weight. Thereafter, blood was collected, and the soy isoflavone metabolites were analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Ntrikinetic analysis of individual isoflavone-derived metabolites was performed. RESULTS: Our nutrikinetic analysis identified 21 metabolites derived from isoflavones in the blood samples from 48 healthy Korean men (age range, 21-29 years). Significant differences were observed in the time to maximum concentration (T_max) and elimination half-life (t_1/2) for nine metabolites among the three groups. The T_max and t_1/2 of the nine metabolites were higher in the SE group than in the other groups. Moreover, the absorption rates, as determined by the area under the plasma-level curve (AUC) values of intact isoflavone, were 5.3 and 9.4 times higher in the TE group than in the SY and SE groups, respectively. Additionally, the highest AUC values for phase I and II metabolites were observed in the TE group. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that isoflavone bioavailability, following Cheonggukjang insgestion, is high in individuals with the TE constitution, and relatively lower in those with the SE and SY constitutions.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.763-768
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• 2007

Objectives : This study aimed to clarify the difference in blood homocysteine levels of acute cerebral infarction patients categorized by Sasang constitutional medicine. Methods : The subjects were recruited from patients admitted to the Oriental Internal Medical Department at Kyunghee Medical Center between October 2005 and May 2007, who were classified as small vessel occlusion (SVO) patients according to the Trial of ORG 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST). The general characteristics along with total homocysteine levels were recorded and analyzed according to Sasang constitutional medicine. Results : A total of 151 patients were included in the trial. The prevalence of constitution was, in order, Soyangin, Taeumin, and Soeumin. No statistical significance was noted for any characteristic except body weight. There was no significant difference in blood homocysteine levels between constitutions. Conclusion : This study investigated the difference in blood homocysteine levels of acute cerebral infarction patients categorized according to Sasang constitutional medicine. Due to many limitations, the correlation between homocysteine levels and Sasang constitution was not clarified. Nevertheless, this study is significant in that it examined the largest study group to date in Oriental Medicine research history on the relation between stroke patients' homocysteine and Sasang constitution, and can be utilized in future as a basic material. Further research on the subject is needed.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.445-457
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• 2011

1. Purpose Lee Je-Ma had continued to revise "Donguisusebowon" by adding the contents of the Symptomatic-pharmacology(病證藥理論) on Soeumin, Soyangin and Taeeumin to it from the first establishment of the old version in 1894 to 1900.(new version). This paper tries to find out the contents and meaning of the Discourse on the Constitutional Symptoms and Diseases(病證論) between the old version and new version and what the Discourse on the Constitutional Symptoms and Diseases affected the Theory of Eight Constitution created in subsequent years. 2. Methods I classified the Discourse on the Constitutional Symptoms and Diseases in "DongYiSuseBowon" into old version and new version and tried to find out the Theory of Eight morbidities(8病證論) which is the predecessor of the Theory of Eight Constitution, before reviewing their relation. 3. Conclusions 1) The Discourse on the Constitutional Symptoms and Diseases in the old version specify that the externally sensed diseases are caused by the deep sediment of nature(性) and that the internally touched diseases are caused by the violent activities of emotion(情). In addition, it said that all diseases are caused by the specific characteristics of patient's smaller internal organs(偏小之臟). But in new version, the diseases were understood through the concept Exterior, Interior, Heat and cold(表裏寒熱). The new version said that the diseases may be caused not only the specific characteristics of patient's smaller organs but also by bigger organs(偏大之臟). 2) The Theory of Eight Constitution was derived from the Theory of Eight morbidities, in which all kinds of human diseases are caused by 8 disease-orgin organ and that the diseases therefore can be classified into 8 morbidities. The Theory of Eight morbidities reorganized the Discourse on the Constitutional Symptoms and Diseases in "DongYiSuseBowon" by classifying them into first morbidity and second morbidity. 3) The Discourse on the Constitutional Symptoms and Diseases in "DongYiSuseBowon" has decisively affected the creation of the Theory of Eight morbidities which is the predecessor of the Theory of Eight Constitution. The Theory of Eight morbidities may be deemed another interpretation of the Discourse on the Constitutional Symptoms and Diseases in "DongYiSuseBowon". As the Theory of Eight morbidities put emphasis on the genetic characteristics, the Theory of Eight Constitution stating that Eight morbidities are caused by different specific constitution was derived.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.39-49
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to find out how sleep characteristics by Sasang constitution (SC) appear in Vietnamese immigrant women in Korea, and how sleep aberration by SC affected the quality of life. The number of 217 Vietnamese immigrant women joined this study. We surveyed SC with Korea Sasang Constitutional Diagnostic Questionnaire (KS-15) and sleep characteristics with Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI) questionnaire. We evaluated quality of life(QoL) with Euro Quality of Life-5Dimension(EQ 5D) questionnaire. A Chi-square test and a one-way ANOVA test were conducted according to SC, and T test also used to compare PSQI groups. Significant p was .05. The number(rate) of Taeeumin(TE), Soeumin(SE), and Soyangin(SY) were 40(18.4%), 55(25.3%), and 122(56.2%) respectively. The distribution of obstructive factors of sleep were significantly different according to SC(Too Cold in Sleeping, x =13.378, p=.037, Too Hot in Sleeping x²=12.834, p=.046). The distribution of daytime drowsiness(x²=15.379, p=.018) and falling concentration power (x²=17.533, p=.008) was significantly different according to SC. The sleep status of the subjects showed a significant negative correlation with the EQ 5D Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) (r =-.399, p<.001), and the EQ 5D Index (r=-.211, p=.002). In the EQ VAS, TE showed a difference between the good and bad sleeping groups (t=3.955, p<.001). SE showed a difference between the two groups in the EQ 5D Index (t=2.332, p=.037). SY did not show a difference between the two groups. This study reveals that sleeping is closely related with QoL and distribution of obstructive factors of sleep may be different according to SC. Further study to confirm the constitutional difference in race at Vietnam is needed.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.710-715
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• 2005

This research was to investigate inhibitory activity of Sasang medicines on Obesity. 56 kind of herb medicines to powder, abstract add 100 times methanol. Examine inhibitory effect against lipase activity in vitro. It was compared Xenical(Orlistat) with 56 kind of herb medicines. Inhibitory effect against lipase activity of Xenical as a standard was 93.3%. It is Inhibitory effect against lipase activity of Taeyangin herb medicine. (Fructus Pruni Tomentosae 77.7% Cortex Acanthopanacis73.5%, Fructus Chaenomelis73.1%, rice bran on a mallet head68.1%, Semen Fagopyri 48.1%, Radix Vitis 31.5%) It is Inhibitory effect against lipase activity of Soyangin herb medicine. (Radix Saposhnikoviae 91.5%, Semen Plantaginis 90.4%, Semen Trichosanthis 89.2%, Herba Schizonepetae 85.7%, Radix Euphorbiae Kansui 76.1%, Rhizoma Anemarrhenae 76.0%, Cortex Phellodendri 75.1%, Herba Menthae 74.8%, Radix Angelicae Pubescentis 61.2%, Rhizoma Alismatis 62.6%, Poria 60.9%, Rhizoma Notopterygii 22.5%, Radix Peucedani 18.2%, Caulis Akebiae 17.7%) It is Inhibitory effect against lipase activity of Taeeumin herb medicine. (Herba Spirodelae 91.4%, Radix Polygalae 88.3%, Arillus Longanae 84.3%, Radix Platycodi 81.7%, Semen Zizyphi Spinosae 80.2%, Spina Gleditsiae 79.7%, Herba Ephedrae 75.3%, Semen Raphani 73.1%, Rhizoma Cimicifugae 73.0%, Rhizoma Acori Graminei 71.8%, Flos Chrysanthemi71.0%, Radix et Rhizoma Rhei 68.4%, Vermiculus Holotrichia 59.9%, Radix Puerariae 55.3%, Fructus Schizandrae 53.4% Semen Coicis 50.6%, Semen Biotae 47.5%, Semen Nelumbinis 46.7%, Radix Angelicae Dahuricae 45.1%, Semen Castaneae 44.4%, Rhizoma Ligustici 34.5%, Tuber Liriopis 16.4%, Radix Scutellariae4.2%) It is Inhibitory effect against lipase activity of Soeumin herb medicine. (Pericarpium Arecae89.9%, Rhizoma Alpiniae Officinarum 89.5%, Radix Polygoni Multiflori81.2%, Rhizoma Cyperi 79.0%, Cortex Magnoliae 72.8%, Radix Aucklandiae 72.0%, Rhizoma Zingiberis 71.9%, Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Viride 71.3%, Radix Cynanchi Wilfordi 57.7% Rhizoma Pinelliae 36.7%, Fructus Alpiniae Oxyphyllae 35.8% Fructus Aurantii Immaturus 17.5%, Pericarpium Citri 16.1%) Therefore, Radix Saposhnikoviae(91.5) and Herba Spirodelae(91.4%) were the most effective medicice of 56 kind of medicines.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.41-48
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• 2010

1. Objective There has been a few trials to diagnose Sasang Constitution by using EEG, but has not been studied intensively. For the purpose of practical diagnosis, the characteristics of EEG for each constitution should be studied first. Recently it has been shown that Sasang Constitution might be related to harm avoidance and novelty seeking in temperament and character profiles. Based on this finding, we propose a visual stimulation method to evoke a EEG response which may discriminate difference between constitutional groups. Through the experiment with this method, we tried to reveal the characteristics of EEG of each constitutional groups by the method of event-related potentials. 2. Methods: We used facial visual stimulation to verify the characteristics of EEG for each constitutional groups. To reveal characteristic in sensitivity and latency of response, we added several levels of noise to facial images. 6 male subjects(2 Taeeumin, 2 Soyangin, 2 Soeumin) participated in this study. All subjects are healthy 20's. To remove artifacts and slow modulation, we removed EOG contaminated data and renormalization is applied. To extract stimulation related components, normalized event-related potential method was used. 3. Results: From Oz channels, it is verified that facial image processing components are extracted. For lower level noise, components related to the visual stimulation were clearly shown in Oz, Pz, and Cz channels. Pz and Cz channels show differences among 3 constitutional groups in maximum around 200 msec. Especially moderate level of noise looks appropriate for diagnosis. 4. Conclusion: We verified that the visual stimulation with facial emotion might be a good candidate to evoke the differences between constitutional groups in EEG response. The differences shown in the experiment may imply that the process of emotion has distinct tendencies in latencies and sensitivity for each consitutional group. And this distinction might be related to the temperament profile of consitutional groups.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.30-42
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• 2008

1. Objectives This paper was tried to find out the clinical use of Gwanjung-tang by comparing patients' chief complain and natural symptom. 2. Methods The study was researched as clinically with medical records of 88 patients who visited a certain oriental medicine clinic which is in Seoul during January, 2000 and June, 2006. 3. Results 1) The male patient who was treated with Gwanjung-tang(寬中湯) is rare. The rate of patients who visited clinic in her forties is 27.3%, in fifties is 18.2%, in thirties is 15.9%, in sixties is 12.5%, in twenties is 10.3%. 2) Chief complain which made patients to visit clinic is a chest pain(19.3%), back pain and shoulder pain (15.9%), edema (12.5%), headache (9.1%), irregular menstruation (8.0%), dyspepsia (8.0%), fatigue (8.0%), insomnia (5.6%), menopausal disorder (4.5%), lumbago (4.5%), abnormal condition of stools (2.3%), and abnormal condition of urine (2.3%). 3) Natural symptom is classified into appetite, digestion, stools, urine, sweat, and sleep. The rate of patients who complained abnormal condition of digestion is 71.6%, of sleep is 59%, of stools is 52.3%, of urine is 47.7%, if sweat is 34.1%, and of appetite is 30.7%. 4) The rate of patients who is treated with Gwanjung-tang between thirty and forty packs is 43.2%, twenty packs is 39.7%, between fifty and sixty packs is 5.7%, between seventy and eighty packs is 2.3%, and between ninety and hundred packs is 3.4%. 5) The rate of patients who is treated with Gwanjung-tang during 15 days is 45.5%, between 16 and 30 days is 26.2%, between 31 and 60 days 7.9%, between 61 and 90 days 3.4%, between 91 and 120 days is 4.5%, and more than 120 days is 12.5%. 6) There are not many cases that chief complain was abnormal condition of digestion (8.0%), sleep (5.6%) stools (2.3%), and urine (2.3%). But the rate of patients who complained discomfort of digestion(71.6%), sleep(59%) stools (52.3%), and urine (47.7%) is significantly high. 7) According to "Sasang Sin Pyeon", Gwanjung-tang was used in To-sa-gwak-ran (吐瀉藿亂), Hae-su (咳嗽), Jeok-chui (積聚), Pyo-han -bu-jong (表寒浮腫), Chang-man (脹滿), Chil-gi (七氣), Dam-um (痰飮), Dam-goe (痰塊), Seom-jwa-yo-tong (閃挫腰痛), Bi-tong (臂痛) of Soeumin, and it is corresponds with clinical cases for various components. 4. Conclusions Gwanjung-tang is a medicine of reconciliation, and it makes Stomach to be warm and take down Yin Qi. The most important effect of Gwanjung-tang is Sun-qi(順氣). So it is considerable that Gyejibanhasenggang-tang (少陰人 桂枝半夏生薑湯), Hyangsayangwi-tang (少陰人 香砂養胃湯), and Gwakhyangjunggi-san (少陰人 藿香正氣散) is also effective to symptoms above, because these are medicines of reconciliatio.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.8-27
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• 2001

1. Purpose This paper was written in order to understand the concept of ${\ulcorner}$DongMuYooGo YakSungGa${\lrcorner}$ (東武遣稿 藥性歌) which was descending as the material of Sasang pharmacology. So we are planning to make use of the fundamental material of the study on the Sasang Medications and Prescriptions. 2. Methods Through comparing each clause of ${\ulcorner}$DongMuYooGo YakSungGa${\lrcorner}$ on all the sasang -records, we understood that concept. 3 Result 1) ${\ulcorner}$DongMuYooGo YakSungGa${\lrcorner}$ of a literary work of DongMu(東武) which contain special elucidative-method of herb-nature has 18 type of YakSungGa which explain each 27 herbs for the Taeeumin, Soyangin and Soeumin. The period of authoship is supposed to the time just before ${\ulcorner}$DongyiSuseBowon Gabobon${\lrcorner}$ (東醫壽世保元 甲午本)(1894, DongMu 58 years old) or middle of fifties(53-57 years old). 2) YakSungGa of ${\ulcorner}$DongMuYooGo${\lrcorner}$ which is published by the BoGunsung(保健省) of North Korea is supposed to close to original type. The main meaning of that is the herb-nature which works on the weakst point of each Sasangin. And then the herbs were classfied by the diseases and symptoms possessing Bomyungjiju(保命之主), the herb's efficacy is explained at the each constitution. 3) The meaning of ${\ulcorner}$DongMuYooGo YakSungGa${\lrcorner}$ is exposure of the opinion of DongMu's early stage that proposed herb-nature which is applied to the principle of Jang(臟) of Sasangin, reason and purpose to enact newly created prescriptios by the constitutional diseases and symptoms, and the compositional principle of newly created prescription. 4) The selection of herbs or cogution of herb-nature of DongMu's pharmacological opinion of his early stage was changed by accumulating clinical experience. So all the newly created prescriptios of ${\ulcorner}$DongyiSuseBowon${\lrcorner}$ could not be explained by only the herb and the herd-nature on ${\ulcorner}$DongMuYooGo YakSungGa${\lrcorner}$. Therefore the purpose of DongMu's YaksungGa is not explaining the symptoms in charge of each herb or classifying the herb by constitution, but offering the principle of composition of prescription of Sasang, from the necessary herb which possess and expand Bomyungjiju to nature of herb which is applied to the constitution for treating all the diseases and sypmtoms by the heavy or light and slow or speedy.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.110-122
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• 2016

Objectives The purpose of this study was to develop the Sasangin Diagnostic Questionnaire for Specialist(SDQ_S) and to evaluate the reliability and validity of SDQ_S for standardization of sasang constitutional diagnosis by korean medicine Specialist in clinical practice.Methods SDQ_S was developed through discussions of three sasang constitutional medical specialist. We recruited 210 subjects aged from 20 to 70, and conducted the evaluation of SDQ_S and sasang constitutional diagnosis. For the reliability test, internal consistency was examined by calculating the cronbach's α coefficient on 88 items excepted measurements of trunk, and independence and agreement was examined by chi-square test and McNemar test for 84 subjects which retested SDQ_S. For the validity test, discriminant functions was derived from the sample group(105 subjects), and they were applied to the test group(105 subjects). We identified the hit-ratio of SDQ_S in the test group.Results and Conclusions In the reliability test, the cronbach's α coefficient was 0.664 and 87 items(98.9%) have dependent relationships between 1st test and 2nd test. And 39 items(44.3%) have high agreements(0.8≤McNemar), 26 items(29.5%) have common agreements(0.4≤McNemar<0.8). In the validity test, four discriminant variables(Soeum Index, Taeeum Index, Torso Ratio I, Taeyang Index) were selected, and two discriminant functions were derived. Total hit-ratio was 74.2%, and hit-ratio of Taeeumin(76.7%) was higher than that of Soeumin(75.9%) and Soyangin(69.7%). SDQ_S has good reliability and validity for sasang constitutional diagnosis.