• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.27-30
• /
• 1982

흰쥐에 마그네슘을 첨가 사육하여 전해질 분포에 미치는 영향을 조사하였든 바 다음과 같은 결과(結果)를 얻었다. 1. 성장은 대조군(對照群)에 비하여 실험군(實驗群)의 경우 마그네슘을 0.4 mg 첨가 사육시킨 C군(群)만이 더 좋았고 나머지 군(群)은 모두 낮았다. 2. 혈장(血漿)을 분석한 결과(結果) 나트륨은 실험군(實驗群)의 암수 모두 B군(群)에서 높았으며 칼륨은 실험군(實驗群)의 경우 암컷은 B군(群), 숫컷은 C군(群)에서, 칼슘의 경우 암컷은 B군(群), 수컷은 C군(群)에서 각각 높게 나타났다. 3. 근육내(筋肉內) 전해질(電解質) 량(量)은 나트륨의 경우 실험군(實驗群) B군(群)에서 암수 모두 높았으며, 칼륨의 경우 암컷은 B군(群)에서 수컷은 C군(群)에서 높았으며, 칼슘의 경우 암컷은 B군(群)에서 수컷은 D군(群)에서 높은 함량을 나타냈다. 4. 흰쥐의 성장(成長)과 전해질분포(電解質分布)에 마그네슘이 영향을 주고 있음을 알 수 있다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• 제47권6호
• /
• pp.1009-1016
• /
• 2005

본 연구는 유화형 소시지 제조 시 첨가되는 NaCl을 sodium citrate, potassium lactate 및 calcium ascorbate로 부분(40%) 대체하여 소시지를 제조한 다음 소시지의 품질특성에 미치는 영향을 비교하고자 실시하였다. 소시지의 pH는 sodium citrate 대체 소시지가 대조구와 다른 대체 소시지에 비해 높았다(P<0.05). 소시지의 명도(L*) 값은 sodium citrate 대체 소시지가 대조구와 다른 대체 소시지에 비해 높았다(P<0.05). 적색도(a*) 값은 potassium lactate 대체 소시지가 대조구와 다른 대체 소시지에 비해 높았지만, 황색도(b*) 값은 낮았다(P<0.05). 조직특성에서 단단함 정도를 나타내는 경도와 점착성은 sodium citrate 대체 소시지가 대조구와 다른 대체 소시지에 비해 높았다. NaCl 대체 소시지의 나트륨 함량은 대조구에 비해 낮았고, calcium ascorbate 대체 소시지가 가장 낮은 함량을 나타내었다(P<0.05). 소시지의 칼륨과 철 함량은 potassium lactate 대체 소시지가 대조구와 다른 대체 소시지에 비해 높았다(P<0.05). NaCl 대체 소시지의 칼슘 함량은 대조구에 비해 높았고, calcium ascorbate 대체 소시지가 가장 높은 함량을 나타내었다(P<0.05). 관능평가에서 짠맛은 sodium citrate 대체 소시지가 대조구와 다른 대체 소시지에 비해 높았다(P<0.05). 풍미는 calcium ascorbate 대체 소시지가 대조구에 비해 높았다(P<0.05). 이상의 결과에서, NaCl 대체 소시지는 pH, 색도 및 관능평가에서 대조구와 차이를 보였으며, 나트륨 함량을 낮추고 칼슘 함량이 증가한 건강지향적인 소시지를 생산할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제29권10호
• /
• pp.1096-1104
• /
• 1996

This study was performed to evaluate the effect of sodium cholride supplementation on bone metabolism in female rats consuming a low calcium diet. Twenty five female rats were divided into three dietary groups (control Na : 0.1038%, 1% Na : 1.036%, 2% Na : 2.072%). All experimental diets contained 0.27% Ca and were fed to rats with deionized water for 7 weeks. Bone mineral density(BMD) and bone mineral content(BMC) of total body, spine and femur were measured using energy x-ray absorptiometry(DEXA) by small animal software. Then Ca efficiency was calculated from BMD and BMC. Serum Ca, P, Na and urine Ca, P, Na were determined. Urinary pyridinoline, serum ALP were measured to monitor bone resorption. Following 7 weeks, sodium cholride supplemented groups had higher urinary Ca excreteion, urinary pyridinoline, crosslinks value and serum ALP. There was no significant difference in case of serum Ca among all groups. Sodium chloride supplemnted groups had lower Ca effciency of total, spine and femur BMD and BMC than that of control group. In conclusion high salt intake not only increases urinary Ca excretion as urinary Na excretion does but also increase bone resorption and decrease Ca efficiency of each bone. It is been suggested that high salt intake may be harmful for bone maintenance. Therfore, the decrease of salt intake to the level of recommendation would be desirable.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제26권9호
• /
• pp.1118-1128
• /
• 1993

This study was undertaken to investigate the acute effect of caffeine consumption on the change of mineral concentration in serum and urinary mineral excretion in healthy young females. On two separate mornings at one week intervals, each subject drank a coffee which contained no caffeine and 3mg/kg body weight caffeine. To obviate dietary effects on mineral concentration in serum and urine, each subject fasted at least ten hours before consuming the test beverage. At one, two, three and four hours, serum and urine production collected seperately for measurement of sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus and magnesium concentration. The results were as following : 1) Mean age of subjects was 20.6$\pm$0.32, Mean body mass index of subjects was 21.64$\pm$0.89, which was within $\pm$10% of ideal body weight. 2) Total urine volume of caffein groups for 4 hour after caffeine consumption was higher than that of decaffeine one, but urine pH was unchanged after caffeine consumption. Total urinary four hour excretion of creatinine was not affected by caffeine consumption and creatinine clearance also was not different from the control value. 3) In serum, mean three hour content of sodium(p<0.01) and phosphorus was higher in the subject given the caffeine. Mean serum magnesium and calcium contents were lower in caffeine group than that of decaffeine one. Mean serum magnesium content for three hour after caffeine ingestion was affected by caffeine consumption(p<0.001). Mean serum content of potassium was unaffected by caffeine consumption. 4) Total urinary four hour excretion of sodium, increased significantly after caffeine consumption(p<0.05), while total urinary four hour excretion of potassium, calcium, phosphorus and magnesium was unchanged after caffeine intake. Urinary excretion of Na, Ca, P and Mg was greatest at one hour after caffeine consumption, especially urinary sodium and potassium excretion was significantly high(p<0.05, p<0.01). The above results show that only 3mg caffeine per kg body weight increase the urinary macro mineral excretion in healthy young females.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제20권5호
• /
• pp.704-710
• /
• 1988

본 실험은 여러 가지 보습제 및 방부제(Sodium lactate, Glycerol, Propylene glycol, sorbitol, Mannitol, Sodium benzoate, Potassium sorbate 및 Calcium propionate)처리를 한 중간수분식품 모델의 보수력을 등온흡습 곡선으로 처리하였다. 중간수분식품의 모델은 오징어를 재료로 사용하였고, 제조된 모델식품의 저장성도 검토하였다. 저장요인으로서는 지질산패, 색깔변화 및 곰팡이 번식을 관찰하였다. 보습제의 보수력은 mannitol

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.63-68
• /
• 1994

432 samples of raw goat milk were analyzed for sodium, calcium, potassium, chloride, and ashes content. The samples came from 16 pure breed goats, 2 to 4 years of age kept in semi-feedlots. They were basically fed soy bran, cotton bran, triturated Guandu hay and disintegrated corn with its straw and corncob (according to requirements for due preservation and production). The mean values found were: sodium, $45{\pm}10.2mg%$ (24.5-65.6 mg%); potassium, $206{\pm}44.7mg%$ (116.6-295 mg%); calcium, $111{\pm}22mg%$ (66.5-155.4 mg %); ashes, $0.82{\pm}0.06mg%$ (0.68-0.95%); chloride, $235{\pm}39mg%$ (157-313 mg%). Results were related to: a) breed, the Brown and the Saanen revealed superior values for calcium and ashes, b) climate, which in the rain season led to higher contents of sodium, potassium, and calcium when compared to the local dry season, c) time of lactation which increasingly affected the contents of calcium, sodium and ashes, and d) the time between milking, when higher concentration of chloride and ashes were mostly concentrated in the evening and calcium in the morning. These results have important implications in the handling and management of the goat herd.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
• /
• 제10권1호
• /
• pp.49-55
• /
• 1993

Ground Calcium Carbonate, among paper coating pigments, will influence less dispersant demand, less binder demand, increase coating solids from 58% to 70%, which means high speed coating, less shrinkage during drying, less energy consumption, more uniform coverage of fibers. The quality point of view of Ground Calcium Carbonate, brightness, particle size, Particle size distribution, hardness, impurities content are important. More important factors of Ground Calcium Carbonate which influence the paper coating process are dispersion mechanisms and their effects. The study was made to investigate the effect of Ground Calcium Carbonate dispersion by sodium salt of polyacrylate dispersant composition and dispersion condition. Basic tests such as physical, optical and chemical were perfumed, and dispersion effects were investigated by different conditions. The results showed that the type of dispersant affected the dispersion effects, and the Ground Calcium Carbonate has critical dispersant demand.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
• /
• 제3권2호
• /
• pp.99-106
• /
• 1993

The aim of this study is to elevate the efficiency of salting with low salt concentration in order to improve the quality of salted Chinese cabbage. The efficiency of salting was tested with various sub-atmosphere(760mmHg to 0mmHg), temperature(20$^{\circ}C$ and 30$^{\circ}C$), and concentration of salt(3%, 5% and 10%). The salting efficiency was estimated by amounts of juice, calcium elution, sodium penetration and the state of tissue. The amunts of juice eleuted from Chinese cabbage was increased significantly with the decrease of atmosphere and the time to reach the highest amounts was reduced. This tendency was promoted, with increase of salinigy(from 3% to 10%)and the increase of temperature(more juice at 30$^{\circ}C$ than 20$^{\circ}C$). The amounts of eluted calcium from Chinese cabbage tissue during salting under sub-atmosphere was directly proportional to amounts of juice and was inversely proportional to penetrated sodium. The salting time was reduced with elevation of sub-atmosphere. It was desirable to take between 5.5 and 9 hours to salt under the condition of 3% of salting, 20$^{\circ}C$, and 560-0mmHg. It took between 4.4 and 5 hours under 5% of salt and between 4 and 4.5 hours under 10% of salt. However, it was undesirable because the drying phenomenon and the transparency of tissue appeared under 30$^{\circ}C$ and 160-0mmHg.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
• /
• 제11권4호
• /
• pp.274-280
• /
• 2001

깻잎에 있어 칼슘의 생리작용을 밝히기 위하여 조직 중의 칼슘의 존재형태에 대하여 조사하였다. 즉 조직 중의 칼슘을 물(F-I), IN 소금(F-II), 2% 초산(F-III), 그리고 5% 염산(F-IV)의 각 용매를 이용하여 차례로 추출하여 각 분획의 칼슘과 마그네슘 함량을 측정하였다. 아울러 이 중 칼슘 분획이 저장기간과 저장온도에 따라 어떻게 변동하는가를 검토 하였으며 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 엽령에 따른 칼슘의 존재형태를 분석한 결과 모든 엽령에서 F-I (28.41~39.52%)과 F-II(34.44~47.39%) 비율이 높았으며 F-IV는 15.6~21.57%로 수산칼슘으로의 존재가 많지 않았다. 마그네슘의 존재형태는 F-I과 F-II가 90% 이상을 차지하였으며 F-IV는 4%에 불과하였다. 2. 깻잎의 F-IV 칼슘비율을 시금치 및 차조기의 그것과 비교한 결과 깻잎은 16.75, 시금치는 42.4, 자소는 22.26%가 수산칼슘 형태로 존재하여 깻잎에서의 비율이 가장 낮음이 확인되었다. 마그네슘의 존재형태는 칼슘과는 다르게 시금치에서 수산과 결합한 비율이 가장 낮았으며 수용성 분획인 F-I칼슘이 90.6%를 차지하였으며 깻잎과 자소는 각각 62.89, 16.8%로 조사되었다. 3. 수확 후 7일간 5$^{\circ}C$와 2$0^{\circ}C$에서 저장하면서 비타민 C와 F-IV 칼슘의 변화추이를 분석한 결과 비타민 C는 저장 1일 째는 감소가 완만하나 4일째에 급격히 감소를 보였다. F-IV 칼슘의 경우는 저장 1일 째 완만한 증가를 보이다가 역시 4일째 급격한 증가를 보였다. 이로써 비타민 C가 감소할수록 수산칼슘의 비율이 증가한다는 사실이 입증되었다. 이러한 경향은 5$^{\circ}C$보다는 2$0^{\circ}C$에서 더욱 두드러지게 나타났다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
• /
• 제8권3호
• /
• pp.270-277
• /
• 2003

In order to enhance the firmness and shelf-life of kimchi, as well as to increase the content of well-absorbed digestible calcium, the effect of calcium lactate (CaL) treatment of salted Chinese cabbage on pH, tit ratable acidity, total microbes, lactic acid bacteria, alcohol insoluble substance (AIS) content, firmness, mineral content and tissue structure were investigated. Treatment with the Cal solution increased pH and decreased titratable acidity, which was more pronounced at higher concentrations. The edible period evaluated by pH was 7～8 days for non-treated kimchi, 10 days for 1 % treated kimchi, 15 days for 2% treated kimchi and 20 days for 3% treated kimchi. Total microbes were reduced, but lactic acid bacteria counts were higher in the treated group. CaL treated kimchi showed higher AIS content and firmer texture, which was more conspicuous in the 2 and 3% CaL treated groups. Calcium content in kimchi fermented for 15 days was 40.75～41.53 mg%, which is 42～45% higher than that in the control group. The sodium content was 23～54% less in the treated groups. The epidermis and vascular bundle tissue of kimchi fermented for 15 day was damaged more severely in the control group than in the treated group. CaL treated kimchi has a crispier taste and the development of sour taste was delayed. Therefore, addition of CaL can produces a kimchi with high calcium as well as superior texture and shelf-life, when adjusting the concentration according to the fermentation periods.