• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.25-34
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• 1976

The action of serotonin on the sodium plus potassium activated ATPase activity in the rabbit red cell membrane has been investigated. The experiments were also designed to determine the mechanism of action of serotonin on the ATPase activity. The following results were obtained. 1) The NaK ATPase activity of rabbit red cell ghosts is stimulated by low concentration of serotonin but inhibited by higher concentration, and the concentration of serotonin for maximal activity is about 2mM. The pH optimum for the serotonin sensitive component is 8.0. 2) The activating effect of serotonin on the ATPase, with a given concentration of sodium in the medium, is increased by raising the potassium concentration but the ratio of activity is decreased. 3) The activating effect of serotonin on the ATPase, with a given concentration of potassium in the medium, is increased by raising the sodium concentration but the ratio of activity is decreased. 4) The ATPase activity is increased by small amounts of calcium but inhibited by larger amounts and the ratio of activity by serotonin is decreased by small amounts of calcium but increased by larger amounts. 5) The action of serotonin on the ATPase activity was not related to the amino group of lysine, the hydroxyl group of threonine, the carboxyl group of aspartic acid, or the imidazole group of histidine. 6) The action of serotonin on the ATPase activity is due to sulfhydryl group of the enzyme of NaK ATPase.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.540-552
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• 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Hypertension is the major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, a leading cause of deaths in Korea. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a nutrition education in reducing sodium intake and increasing potassium intake in hypertensive adults. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Subjects who participated in this study were 88 adults (28 males and 60 females) who were pre-hypertension or untreated hypertensive patients aged ≥ 30 yrs in Gyeonggi Province, Korea. These subjects were divided into 2 groups: a lowsodium education (LS) group and a low-sodium high-potassium education (LSHP) group. Nutrition education of 3 sessions for 12 weeks was conducted. Blood pressure, blood and urine components, nutrient intake, and dietary behavior were compared between the two education groups. RESULT: Blood pressure was decreased in both groups after the nutrition education (P < 0.05). In the LSHP group, levels of blood glucose (P < 0.05), total cholesterol (P < 0.01), and lowdensity lipoprotein-cholesterol (P < 0.05) were decreased after the program completion. Sodium intake was decreased in both groups after the nutrition education (P < 0.05). However, Na/K ratio was only decreased in the LS group (P < 0.05). Intake frequency of fish & shellfish was only significantly reduced in the LS group (P < 0.05), while intake frequencies of cooked rice, noodles & dumplings, breads & snacks, stew, kimchi, and fish & shellfish were reduced in the LSHP group (P < 0.05). Total score of dietary behavior appeared to be effectively decreased in both groups after the education program (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: This education for reducing sodium intake was effective in reducing blood pressure and sodium intake. The education for enhancing potassium intake resulted in positive changes in blood glucose and serum cholesterol levels.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.426-429
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• 1987

Four kinds of honey from acacia, bush clover, chestnut and polyflowers were anlayzed for 9 minerals including sodium/potassium ratio, and ash content. The ash content ranged from 0.11 to 0.24% with the mean of 0.16% as potassium was found in higher concentration than other minerals. Chestnut honey had a greater quantity of mineral than others and the lowest value of sodium/potassium ratio. The correlation coefficient of $r=0.582^{**}$ was obtained for potassium and sodium. Potassium and sodium had also a high positive correlation with calcium, magnesium, iron and manganese.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.67-76
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• 1974

The effect of saponin on the sodium plus potassium activated ATPase activity was studied in the rabbit red cell ghosts and the experiments were also designed to determine the mechanism of action of saponin on the APTase activity. The following results were observed. 1. The ATPase activity of rabbit red cell ghosts is inhibited by low concentration of saponin but increased by high concentration. The activating effect of saponin on the $Na^{+}-K^{+}-ATPase$ activity is inhibited by ouabain but the stimulation of the $Mg^{++}-ATPase$ by high concentration of saponin is not inhibited by ouabain. 2. The activity ratio of $Na^{+}-K^{+}-ATPase$ by high concentration of saponin is decreased by raising the potassium concentration, and is increased by raising the sodium concentration. 3. The ATPase activity is increased by small amounts of calcium but inhibited by larger amounts. The activity ratio of the enzyme by saponin is decreased by raising the calcium concertration 4. The action on the ATPase activity was not related to the amino group of lysine, the hydroxyl group of threonine, the imidazole group of histidine, or the carboxyl group of aspartic acid. 5. The action of saponin on the ATPase activity is due to sulfhydryl group of the enzyme of $Na^{+}-K^{+}-ATPase$.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.7-14
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• 1974

This study was carried out to investigate the acute changes in R-A-A system following lasix administration, and to evaluate the materials in plasma R-A-A system and electrolytic excretion every 30 minutes for 2 hours after lasix administration with normal high sodium Korean food, moderate sodium restriction, and severe sodium restriction, and it was concluded as followed; 1. Plasma renin activity, angiotensin II concentration, and aldosterone concentration elevated in course of time after lasix administration with high sodium Korean food, but the R-A-A system takes insignificant part because of the increasing rate was so slight. 2. Although the increasing rate of plasma renin activity reached lower levels, angiotensin II and aldosterone concentration were significantly increased after lasix administration with moderate sodium restriction. 3. It was observed that higher rise in aldosterone concentration following lasix administration during severe sodium restriction than when moderate sodium restriction. 4. Urinary sodium and potassium excretion during two hours after lasix administration showed decrease as little as the amount of sodium intake, but K/Na excretion ratio showed increase with small amount of sodium intake because of the decreasing rate of potassium was low value. 5. Sodium excretion after lasix administration reached more than 1.5 times of sodium intake, even though R-A-A reaction showed significantly. 6. As our results showed, R-A-A reaction following acute diuresis was insignificant with high sodium Intake, the increasing ratio of aldosterone concentration showed high rise compare with of plasma renin activity as little as the amount of sodium intake, and the participated rate in sodium reabsorption of R-A-A system was increased.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.232-237
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• 2012

This study was done to explore the effect of Korean women's salt usage behavior on their sodium intake and excretion according to aging. Dietary sodium intake and salt usage behavior were analyzed to compare the difference between young and middle-aged women. One hundred fifty six young women and 77 middle-aged women without hypertension or any current medication were recruited. Body mass index, waist hip ratio, blood pressure were measured from each subject. Salt usage behaviors were surveyed with questionnaire, sodium intake with 24-hr recall method, and sodium excretion with spot urine. Middle-aged women were more obese than young women according to body mass index and waist hip ratio. Blood pressure was significantly higher for the middle-aged. Young women consumed more fats and middle-aged women more carbohydrates. Middle-aged women consumed more sodium and potassium, and excreted more sodium. Among questionnaire items, kimchi, soup or pot stew, or salted vegetables were found to be related with high sodium diet. Salted vegetables and salted nuts and potato chips were significantly correlated with young women's high sodium diet, while soy sauce on fried food, kimchi, salted vegetables accounted for middle-aged women's high sodium diet. With these results, we concluded that middle-aged women consumed more carbohydrates, less fat, and more sodium and potassium than young women. Middle-aged women frequently choose kimchi, soup or pot stew, or salted vegetables, and they contribute to high sodium intake. We recommend to choose low-salt kimchi, less soup or pot stew, and more fresh vegetables for lower sodium diet.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.55-65
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• 1974

The effect of ginseng on the ATPase activity of rabbit ref cell membrane has been investigated. The experiments were also designed to determine whether the components of ginseng could be attributed to the effect on ATPase activity which dependent upon sodium plus potassium and is sensitive to ouabain. The following results were observed. 1. The activity of the $Na^{+}-K^{+}-ATPase$ from red cell membrane is stimulated by ginseng, and the concentration of ginseng for half-maximal activity is about 15 mg%. The pH optimum for the ginseng sensitive component is 7.6. 2. The portion of the enzyme activity stimulated by ginseng is completely abolished by ouabain. 3. The activating effect of ginseng on the ATPase, with a given concentration of sodium in the medium, is increased by raising the potassium concentration but activity ratio is decreased. 4. The activating effect of ginseng on the ATPase, with a given concentration of potassium in the medium, is increased by raising the sodium concentration but the activity ratio is decreased. 5. The ATPase activity is increased by small amounts of calcium but inhibited by larger amounts and the rate of activity by ginseng is constant. 6. The action of ginseng on the ATPase activity was not related to the sulfhydryl group of cysteine, the amino group of lysine, the imidazole group of histidine, the quanidinium group of arginine, the carboxyl group of aspartic acid, or the hydroxyl group of threonine. 7. The activating effect of ginseng on the ATPase activity may be not due to a saponin which is contained in ginseng.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.453-462
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• 2014

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The inverse relationships of combined fruits and vegetables intake with blood pressure have been reported. However, whether there are such relationships with salty vegetables has rarely been investigated in epidemiologic studies. We evaluated the relation of combined and separate intake of fruits, vegetable intakes, and salty vegetables, as well as sodium and potassium, with blood pressure among the middle-aged and elderly populations. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The present cross-sectional analysis of a prospective cohort baseline survey was performed with 6,283 subjects (2,443 men and 3,840 women) and free of hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. Dietary data were collected by trained interviewers using food frequency questionnaire. RESULTS: The significantly inverse linear trend of diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was found in fruits and non-pickled vegetables (81.2 mmHg in the lowest quintile vs 79.0 mmHg in the highest quintile, P for trend = 0.0040) and fruits only (80.9 mmHg in the lowest quintile vs 79.4 mmHg in the highest quintile, P for trend = 0.0430) among men. In contrast, sodium and sodium to potassium ratio were positively related with blood pressure among men (DBP, 78.8 mmHg in the lowest quintile vs 80.6 mmHg in the highest quintile, P for trend = 0.0079 for sodium; DBP, 79.0 mmHg in the lowest quintile vs 80.7 mmHg in the highest quintile, P for trend = 0.0199 and SBP, 123.8 mmHg in the lowest quintile vs 125.9 mmHg in the highest quintile for sodium/potassium). Kimchies consumption was positively related to DBP for men (78.2 mmHg in the lowest quintile vs 80.9 mmHg in the highest quintile for DBP, P for trend = 0.0003). Among women, these relations were not found. CONCLUSION: Fruits and/or non-pickled vegetables may be inversely, but sodium, sodium to potassium, and Kimchies may be positively related to blood pressure among men.

• Korean Journal of Rural Living Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.23-29
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• 1996

The purpose of this study is to observe the relationship between smoking and control factors to blood pressure, such as sodium and potassium levels of dietary intake and serum in 67 rural university male students(smoker: 35 persons, non smoker: 32 persons). 3-day dietary record and blood sampling were conducted for measurements of the levels of dietary intake and serum. The results were as follows: 1) There are no significance between smokers and non-smokers in height, weight, and BMI. 2) Mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure of smokers and non-smokers were $131.33\pm93.75mmHg, \;119.37\pm80.62mmHg, $ respectively. Blood pressure of smoker was higher than that of non-smokers(p＜0.05). 3) There was no significant difference between smoker and non smoker in dietary potassium intake but dietary sodium intake and Na/K ratio of smoker were higher than those of non-smokers(p＜0.05, p＜0.05). And significant correlation was found between dietary sodium intake and blood pressure of smokers(p＜0.05). 4) Smokers of optimum gustation of salt(0.52%) was higher than that of non-smokers(0.49%). Even though blood pressure of smokers was not critical level, if they smoke continuosely until middle age, their blood pressure will be increased by smoking. The results of this study suggest that no smoking education program for smokers including the information about desirable food habits for prevention of hypertension should be developed.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.247-250
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• 1992

Effects of free alkali and moisture on sucrose polyesters (SPE)-possible non calorie fat substitute-synthesis were investigated using a model system composed of sodium oleate, sucrose, potassium carbonate and methyl oleate. Trace amounts of free alkali in sodium oleate were found to interefere with SPE synthesis. When free alkali content in sodium oleate was varied gradually from 0% to 5%(w/w), the yield of SPE production was reduced from 92% to 45.5%. The moisture absorbed in sodium oleate, sucrose and potassium carbonate during storage also interefered with SPE synthesis. The yield (92%) of SPE production with dried ($105^{\circ}C$.6 hrs) reactants and catalysts was higher than that (89%) of SPE production with non-dried. Soybean oil fatty acid sodium soaps (FASS) not containing free alkali could be manufactured with slightly less than molar ratio of sodium hydroxide to soybean oil fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). Practically, 91.7% yield of soybean oil SPE production was outcomed by minimizing free alkali and moisture which were remaining in sucrose, potassium carbonate, soybean oil FASS and soybean oil FAME.