• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.98-112
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• 1996

Tho purpose of this study was to investigate hygienic and comfortable properties of socks. Materials are nine summer socks either frequently being worn or new products recently introduced to market. Three female and three male adults participated in this study. Through wearing experiment, the numbers of microbes on foot and sock were counted and subjective sensation was measured. The microbes were isolated and identified based on growth physiological characteristics. Nine different socks had smaller number of bacteria of sock than that of foot. The number of bacteria of sock was significantly related with that of foot in cotton socks, in piled cotton socks, in mesh cotton socks, in cotton+ nylon+ linen blended socks, in nylon socks. Total number of bacteria of tv cut finished socks was most small and total number of bacteria was increased in the order of ultra fresh finished socks, untreated cotton socks, nylon socks, cotton + nylon+ linen blended socks, mesh cotton socks, polyester+ nylcn+ linen blended socks, piled cotton socks, cotton socks. Total number of bacteria of cotton socks and piled cotton socks were significantly different from that of uv cut finished socks. Finished socks and .jocks has high air permeability had significantly small number of bacteria. Comfortable sensation in nylon socks and polyester+nylon+linen socks was significantly uncomfortable. The way socks finished and air permeability of .jocks affected theirs hygienic property, while fiber type of them affected comfortablene, is. Bacteria identified were Staphylo coccus aureus, S. au rice larir, S. cahn ii, S. ep ids midis, S. haemo Iyticus, S. h am in 2's. S.fapraphyticus, S. warnery, 1 cinetobater calcoaceticus bio. anitratus, p.reudomonas mendocina, p. paucimobilis, Flavimonas Q ryzihabitans (CDC Group VE-2), and Xanthomanas maltophina. Fungi isolated were Spicaria sp., Thrichoderma sp., Fusarium sp., Aspergillus sp., Epicoccum sp., Cladosporium sp., and Penicillium sp..

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.242-249
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to investigate two different kinds of socks on physiological responses at an ambient temperature of 35$\pm$1$^{\circ}C$ and relative humidity of 50$\pm$5% Five healthy women wearing normal socks or toes socks participated as the subjects. Rectal temperature skin temperatures sweat rate blood pressure pulse rate and questionnaire wee measured. Rectal temperature skin temperature sweat rate blood pressure pulse rate and questionnaire were measured. Rectal temperature and mean skin temperature were lower after exercise at wearing toes socks . Sweat rate was higher at wearing normal socks and blood pressure and pulse rate were tend to higher at wearing toes socks. Thermal comfort temperature sensation and humidity sensation were better wearing toes socks. Thermal comfort temperature sensation and humidity sensation were better wearing toes socks than wearing normal socks but wearing comfort was better at wearing normal socks. These results will be discussed form the viewpoint of thermoregulation AVA(Arterio venous Anastomosis) and count current heat exchange.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.165-176
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of various knitted fabrics of sports socks on their properties of hygiene and stability. Seventeen men\`s sports socks to represent five groups with different fiber content, knit structure, yarn fineness, and finishing were used. Properties of hygiene and stability of socks were determined. The results were as follows ; 1. Evaluation of Water, vapor and heat transport properties in socks with varing fiber content showed that cotton 100% socks had the highest drop absorbency, wickability, water absorbency and water retention. Polypropylene 100% socks had an excellent wickability and moisture permeability. Acrylic blend socks had the highest thermal resistance. 2. The greatest knit stretch and knit growth of socks having lower power were found to be with cotton 100% socks had the lowest stretch. Acrylic blend socks had a excellent stretch but low fabric growth, which could give a good fir sensation during wear. 3. The commerical antimicrobial finished socks showed excellent durability after repeated cycles of laundering. 4. Length and width shrinkages were found in all laundered samples during initial cycles due to rearrangement by mechanical relaxation. Shrinkages showed no further changes and reached equilibriums after 5 cycles. Cotton 100% or cotton blend socks showed lower dimensional stability than other socks during fabric care.

• Review of KIISC
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.19-24
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• 1999

인터넷을 통한 전자상거래가 활성화되면서 기업또는 개인들 사이에서 인터넷을 통 한 안전한 데이터 통신에 대한 욕구가 날로 증가하고 있는 실정이다. 이러한 요구사항을 만 족시키기 위하여 가상사설망(VPN) 기술에 대한 관심 또한 지대하다고 할수 있다. 해당 기 술로는 IP 또는 데이터링크 계층에 작동하는 VPN 프로토콜인 IPSEC, PPTP 외에 응용계 층에서 작동하는 SOCKS VPN 등이 있다. 본 논문에서는 SOCKS VPNdp 대해서 설명하고 자 한다. 우선 VPN 기술에 대한 간략한 소개를 한 다음 SOCKS 기능에 대하여 상술하고 SOCKS V.5를 이용한 VPN 구축방법을 서술한다. SOCKS VPN을 구축하는데 핵심 모듈인 SOCKS V.5 GSS-API는 수출규제를 받기 때문에 하나의 대안으로 SOCKS 4.3과 SSL을 이용한 VPN 구축방법을 제안한다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.24 no.8
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• pp.1115-1124
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was 1) to determine physical properties, and subjective evaluation of sensation of sports socks with various type of fiber content and fabric structure, and 2) to develop regression equations for predicting each sensation from physical properties of socks. Thirty healthy male students participated in the wear test with ten replications. The ANOVA, Duncans multiple test, and multiple regression, and paired-t test were used in the statistical analysis, using an SAS package. The results of this study are as follows: 1. 100% cotton socks had higher absorbency and wickability among five different socks. Comfort sensation, tactile sensation and fit sensation of socks were significantly influenced by types of fiber content. People felt that polypropylene socks were less comfortable & slightly tighter, and cotton socks were drier than the other socks. Terry socks were warmer than single jersey socks. 2. The results of the regression analysis showed that tactile sensation of socks after exercise can be predicted from the cube of moisture permeability($R^2$=0.99), and fit sensation can be predicted from drop absorbency, moisture permeability, wickability in wale and weight($R^2$=-0.98).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.36-50
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was 1) to estimate the improvement of thermal storage/release and moisture transport properties of PEG-treated acrylic athletic socks and suggest the optimum add-on for PEG treatment, 2) to investigate wear performance of untreated cocks and two kinds of socks treated with PEG of minimum and optimum add-on respectively, and 3) to consider the effect of thermal storage/release and moisture transport properties of PEG- treated socks on the wear performance and the subjective comfort zone. Thermal activities of specimens treated by PDC were evaluated on a DSC by measuring the heat of fusion on heating and the heat of crystallization on cooling. Moisture regain, absorption speed, wickability, water retenti on value, and water-vapor permeability were measured. In the wear trials that the subjects performed a subsequent exercise protocol wearing three differently treated socks in a conditioned environment ($14\pm2^{\circ}C$, 65$\pm$2% R.H.), microclimate temperature and humidity, and subjective wear sensations including thermal sensation, wettedness, softness, fit, and overall comfort were obtained. PEC-treated specimens with more than 20% add-on showed thermal storage on heating and thermal release on cooling by a DSC and the heat contents of treated ones were generally proportional to the add-ons. Moisture transport properties were highly improved after PEG treatment and increased rapidly with increasing add-on. The tendencies were, however, relaxed above 50% add-on and the treated knits were much stiffer above that add-on. In the wear trials of untreated, PEG add-on 20%, and 50% acrylic socks, the changes of microclimate temperature of 50% socks were significantly less than that of 20% socks. PEG add-on 50% socks showed significantly less changes of microclimate humidity than other two kinds of socks. Three kinds of socks showed significant differences in overall comfort and add-on 50% socks were accepted more comfortable than other two kinds of socks. Comfort zone of foot was extended after PEG treatment on socks and it implied that the subjects wearing PEG- treated socks felt comfortable in wider ranges of microclimate temperature and humidity.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.27
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• pp.39-56
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• 2022

The purpose of this project was to improve the stability of a pair of leather socks for use on snowy days in the collection of the National Museum of Korea (Namsan1567) by conducting conservation treatment and restoring the socks to their original form for use in research and exhibition. Leather socks are referred to in ancient documents with names combining the word "mal" for socks with a term indicating their material (e.g., pimal, meaning leather socks; nokpimal, meaning deer leather socks; jangpimal, meaning roe deer leather socks, or lipimal, meaning racoon dog leather socks) and are mentioned mostly in connection with Jeju Island. Related documents include the Seungjeongwon ilgi (Daily Record of the Grand Secretariat), Injaeilnok (Diary of Injae Jo Geukseon), and Hamel's Journal and a Description of the Kingdom of Joseon. Extant examples of ancient leather socks display the same form as beoseon (traditional Korean socks) and are made of either leather or a combination of leather and fabric. It is likely that such leather socks were worn on Jeju Island to protect the feet from the cold. A condition survey of the leather socks was first conducted to establish a plan for their conservation treatment. Since the socks were in rather poor condition, it was decided to identify their original form through an investigation of relics and pertinent previous studies. The socks were cleaned in consideration of results of the condition survey, and the missing parts around the necks of the socks were reinforced in a reversible manner using counting stitches with cloth dyed to match the original color. Since the bottoms of the socks had lost much of their original form due to deterioration and disintegration in the leather, supports were made and inserted inside the socks to help retain their shape. Through these processes, the structure and characteristics of the socks and the techniques used in their production could be analyzed, their condition was stabilized, and their original form was recovered.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.527-536
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• 2011

Diabetics often suffer from the complications of foot disease. Foot discomfort results from poor blood circulation. Thus, diabetics should wear socks that do not constrict the blood flow in the feet and legs. This study examines the design factors and performance requirements of socks for diabetics. We apply the results to the development of socks for diabetic. The participants in this study were 112 diabetic patients who had visited a hospital in Busan. We conducted statistical tests that included t-tests and chi-squared tests. The results depended on age and gender. Male and female patients did not differ from each other in the most favorite style; however, their second favorite style was different. The second most preferred style for male patients was calf-length socks, while the second most preferred style for female patients were ankle-length socks. Male patients preferred black or gray socks, while female patients preferred white socks. Socks for diabetics should be machine washable, easy to remove, non-slip, lightweight, comfortable, deodorized, and antibacterial.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 1998.11a
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• pp.250-255
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to determine physical characteristics, and subjective sensation toward sports socks, varing types of fiber content and fabric structure. Also we tried to develop regression models from variables. Results of this study are as follows. 1. Cotton 100% socks had a highest absorbency and wickability among six different socks. The result of ANOVA shows that fiber content influenced on the wet sensation only prior to exercise. 2. Terry socks had a higher drop absorbency, stretch properties and thermal resistances than plain jersey socks. But there was no significant difference in overall comfort sensation. 3. We developed regression models to predict overall comfort sensation from thermal sensation and wet sensation. Also we can predict thermal sensation from the thickness of socks in the sole area, and we can predict wet sensation from moisture permeability

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.147-154
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• 2018

PURPOSE: This study examined the ability of experimental socks combined with a functional insole to reduce plantar foot pressure in healthy subjects. METHODS: The study enrolled 15 subjects. An in-shoe measurement device was used to measure the peak plantar pressure while walking. The peak forefoot, midfoot, and hindfoot plantar pressure data were collected under two conditions: the subjects were wearing their own socks and while they were wearing the experimental socks. The paired t-test was used to determine the differences in peak plantar pressure between the two conditions at all three positions. RESULTS: Wearing the experimental socks resulted in a significantly higher peak plantar pressure in the medial forefoot and midfoot areas than wearing one's own socks (p<.05), and also in significantly lower peak plantar pressure in the medial and lateral hindfoot (p<.05). However, there were no significant differences of peak plantar pressure between experimental and own socks in middle and lateral forefoot (p>.05). CONCLUSION: The experimental socks combined with a functional insole decreased plantar pressure in the hindfoot and supported the medial longitudinal arch. However, it is necessary to change the design and material of the forefoot area in the functional insole to prevent foot ulcer at that location in people with diabetes mellitus.